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1957
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85th Congress, 1st Session
House Document No. 226
W
GUIDE TO
SUBVERSIVE
ORGANIZATIONS
AND
PUBLICATIONS
(AND APPENDIX)
Revised and published as of January 2, 1957, to supersede Guide published on May 14, 1951
Prepared and released by the Committee on Un«American Activities, U. S. House of Representatives
.0*
Washington, D. C.
3-
Committee on Un-American Activities, United States House of Representatives, 84th Congress
Francis E. Walter, Pennsylvania, Chairman
Morgan M. Moulder, Missouri Clyde Doyle, California James B. Frazier, Jr., Tennessee Edwin E. Willis, Louisiana Harold H. Velde, Illinois Bernard W. Kearney, New York Donald L. Jackson, California Gordon H. Scherer, Ohio
Richard Arens, Director
H. Con. Res. 135 . Passed August 5, 1957
^ightjjfiftli Congress of the Bniteil States of America
AT THE FIRST SESSION
Begun and held at the City of Washington on Thursday, the third day of January, one thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven
Concurrent "Resolution
Resolved by the House of Representatives (the Senate concurring) , That the publication entitled "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications'' prepared by the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Eighty-fourth Congress, second session, be printed as a House document ; and that there be printed sixty thousand additional copies of said document, of which forty thousand copies shall be for the use of said Committee and twenty thousand copies to be pro-rated to the Members of the House of Representatives for a period of ninety days after which time the unused balance shall revert to the Committee on Un-American Activities.
Attest :
Ralph R. Roberts, Clerk of the House of Representatives. Attest :
Felton M. Johnston,
Secretary of the Senate. n
•7
1
Public Law 601, 79th Congress
The legislation under which the House Committee on Un-American Activities operates is Public Law 601, 79th Congress [1946], chapter 753, 2d session, which provides:
Be ii enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, * * *
PART 2— RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Rule X
SEC. 121. STANDING COMMITTEES
*******
17. Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine Members.
Rule XI
POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES *******
(q) (1) Committee on Un-American Activities.
(A) Un-American activities.
(2) The Committee on Un-American Activities, as a whole or by subcommit- tee, is authorized to make from time to time investigations of (i) the extent, character, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States, (ii) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propaganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitu- tion, and (iii) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any necessary remedial legislation.
The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) the results of any such investi- gation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.
For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such times ana places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person designated by any such chairman or member.
in
RULES ADOPTED BY THE 84TH CONGRESS
House Resolution 5, January 5, 1955 *******
Rule X
STANDING COMMITTEES
1. There shall be elected by the House, at the commencement of each Congress: *******
(q) Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine Members. *******
Rule XI
POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES *******
17. Committee on Un-American Activities.
(a) Un-American Activities.
(b) The Committee on Un-American Activities, as a whole or by subcommittee, Is authorized to make fFom time to time, investigations of (1) the extent, char- acter, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States, (2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propaganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any necessary remedial legislation.
The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) the results of any such in- vestigation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.
For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such times and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person designated by any such chairman or member.
26. To assist the House in appraising the administration of the laws and in developing such amendments or related legislation as it may deem necessary, each standing committee of the House shall exercise continuous watchfulness of the execution by the administrative agencies concerned of any laws, the subject matter of which is within the jurisdiction of such committee; and, for that pur- pose, shall study all pertinent reports and data submitted to the House by the agencies in the executive branch of the Government.
Note. — Similar rules continuing the authority of the committee to operate have been adopted by each Congress beginning with the 79th Congress in 1946.
rv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
What Is a Communist Front? vn
Introduction 1
Part I. Organizations cited as Communist or Communist-front by Federal
authorities 5
Part II. Publications cited as Communist or Communist-front by Federal
authorities 99
Part III. Organizations cited as Communist or Communist-front by State
or Territorial investigating committees 113
Part IV. Publications cited as Communist or Communist-front by State
or Territorial investigating committees 137
Appendix I. Deletions of certain organizations and a publication cited as
Communist fronts in the previous edition of the Guide 141
Appendix II. Organizations designated by the United States Attorney
General pursuant to Executive Order 10450 144
Appendix III. Organizations designated by the United States Attorneys
General as being Fascist or otherwise extremist in character 150
v
WHAT IS A COMMUNIST FRONT?
The following historical sketch of Communist-front organizations, plus formulas for detecting them, is reprinted from a report issued by the Special Committee on Un-American Activities on March 29, 1944:
"Communist-front organizations are characterized by their common origin, the rigid conformity of these organizations to the Communist pattern, their interlocking personnel, and their methods generally used to deceive the American public. Being part of a conspiratorial move- ment, their essence is deception.
"During the first few years of the Communist International, imme- diately following the stimulus of the Russian revolution, its interna- tional appeal was stridently revolutionary. As world economic con- ditions improved following the First World War, the international revolutionary movement began to wane. The Hungarian and German Communist revolutions failed and the Communist International began to lose strength. Hence it was deemed necessary to moderate the earlier revolutionary appeal, to adopt middle-of-the-road slogans, and to build so-called united-front organizations, as bridge and support- ing organizations in the interest of the international Communist movement.
"One of the leading organizers of these 'innocent' organizations on an international scale was Willi Munzenberg, a prominent Ger- man Communist, whose organizing ability won him the sobriquet of the 'Henry Ford of the Communist International.' Munzenberg was engagingly frank in describing the real purpose of these or- ganizations:
"1. To arouse the interest of those millions of apathetic and indifferent work- ers * * * wno simply have no ear for Communist propaganda. These people we wish to attract and arouse through new channels, by means of new ways.
"2. Our sympathetic organizations should constitute bridges for the nonparty workers * * * who have not yet mustered the courage to take the final step and join the Communist Party, but who are nevertheless in sympathy with the Communist movement and are prepared to follow us part of the way.
"3. By m.eans of the mass organizations we wish to extend the Communist sphere of influence in itself.
"4. The organizational linking up of the elements in sympathy with the Soviet Union and with the Communists. * * *
"5. We must build up our own organizations in order to counteract the in- creasing efforts of the bourgeois and social-democratic parties in this respect, and
"6. Through these sympathetic and mass organizations we should train the cadres of militants and officials of the Communist Party possessing organizational experience.
"(Speech before the Sixth Congress of the Communist International in Moscow, July 20, 192S. International Press Correspondence, vol. 8, No. £2, Aug. 1, 1928, pp. 751, 752.)
"TRANSMISSION BELTS
"In his Problems of Leninism, a standard textbook and guide for Communists throughout the world, Joseph Stalin emphasized the
vn
VIII SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
need of these front or mass organizations which he called 'transmission belts':
"The proletariat needs these belts, these levers, and this guiding force [the Com- munist Party — Ed.] * * * Lastly we come to the party of the proletariat, the proletarian vanguard. Its strength lies in the fact that it attracts to ita ranks the best elements of all the mass organizations of the proletariat, without exception, and to guide their activities toward a single end, that of the liberation of the proletariat.
"Stalin quoted Lenin in support of his argument:
"The dictatorship [of the proletariat] cannot be effectively realized without 'belts' to transmit power from the vanguard [the Communist Party — Ed.] to the mass of the advanced class, and from this to the mass of those who labor (pp. 29, 30).
"We cite the instructions of Otto Kuusinen, secretary of the Com- munist International, in his report at the Sixth Plenum [plenary ses- sion] of the Executive Committee of the Communist International:
"The first part of our task is to build up, not only Communist organizations, but other organizations as well, above all mass organizations, sympathizing with our aims, and able to aid us for special purposes. * * * We must create a whole solar system of organizations and smaller committees around the Com- munist Party, so to speak, smaller organizations working actually under the influence of our party. (Quotations taken from the Communist, May 1931, pp. 409-4^3.)
"The rise of Adolf Hitler to power created a new threat to the Soviet Union and to the international Communist movement. Hence the Seventh Congress of the Communist International, in 1935, gave an added impetus to the creation of front organizations under Commu- nist initiative and leadership, the chief purpose of which was to pro- tect and serve the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The abil- ity of the Communists to ensnare large numbers and influential indi- viduals, to serve as decoys in operating these fronts, reached its high point following the Seventh Congress in 1935.
"HOW COMMUNIST FRONTS ARE ESTABLISHED
"The methods employed by the Communists in establishing and operating these front organizations, methods demonstrated by the various organizations herein cited, have been well summarized by Benjamin Gitlow, a former high official of the Communist Party of the United States:
"A front organization is organized by the Communist Party in the following fashion: First, a number of sympathizers who are close to the party and whom the party knows can be depended upon to carry out party orders, are gotten to- gether and formed into a nucleus which issues a call for the organization of a particular front organization which the party wants to establish. And generally after that is done a program is drawn up by the party, which this provisional com- mittee adopts. Then, on the basis of this provisional program, all kinds of indi- viduals are canvassed to become sponsors of the organization, which is to be launched in the very near future. A provisional secretary is appointed before the organization is launched and in every instance in our day the secretary who was appointed was a member of the Communist Party. * * * And as president of the organization we would put up some prominent public figure who was willing to accept the presidency of the organization, generally making sure that, if that public figure was one who would not go along with the Communists, he was of such a type that he would be too busy to pay attention to the affairs of the organization. * * *
"On the committee that would be drawn together, a sufficient number of Com- munists and Communist Party sympathizers, who would carry out party orders,
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS IX
was included, and out of this number a small executive committee was organized * * * which carried on the affairs of the organization, so-called, and this small executive committee, with the secretary, really ran the organization. And this small committee and the secretary are the instruments of the Communist Party, with the result that when manifestos or decisions on campaigns are made, those campaigns are ordered by the Communist Party. (Hearings of the Special Com- mittee on Un-American Activities, vol. 7, pp. 4716, 4717, 4718.)
"MEMBERSHIP IN FRONT ORGANIZATIONS
"In judging the individuals associated with Communist-front organi- zations, to determine the degree of their responsibility for its activities and their closeness to the Communist Party, one should be guided by consideration of the following categories of individuals included with- in them:
"1. Members of the Communist Party who have openly avowed their affiliation.
"2. Members of the Communist Party, not openly avowed, proven to be such on the basis of documentary or other proof.
"3. Those accepting Communist Party discipline, either secret party members or outsiders who accept such discipline and instruction. This category may be recognized by the regularity with which it follows the line of the Communist Party, throughout all its variations, by the number of different front affiliations, by the posts they occupy in these front organizations, and by the fact that they retain their affiliation after the organization has been publicly exposed.
"4. Those who have been attracted by the high-sounding aims of the front organization or organizations, by the prominence of its sponsors, or by a desire to be sociable. The judgment of such persons is certainly open to criticism just as much as if they aided in launching any other hoax.
"DOES "YES" ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS?
"For the guidance of the American people in detecting Communist- front organizations, we present the following criteria:
"1. Does the organization have Communist Party members or those trusted by the Communist Party, in its posts of real power — on its executive board, as secretary, organizer, educational director, editor, office staff?
"2. Are meetings of the organization addressed by Communists or their trusted agents? Does its publication include articles by such persons?
"3. Does the organization follow the Communist Party line?
"4. Does the organization cooperate with campaigns, activities, publications, of the Communist Party or other front organizations?
"5. Is the address of the organization in the same building with other front organizations or within the cooperating vicinity?
"6. Does the organization cooperate with Communist-controlled unions?
"7. Does the organization's official publication reflect the line of the Commu- nist Party, publish articles by pro-Communists, advertise Communist activities, or those of other front organizations or of Communist vacation resorts?
"8. Are questions injected into meetings or in official publications, which have more to do with the current policy of the Communist Party, than with the pro- fessed purposes of the organization?
"9. Are funds kicked back directly or indirectly to the Communist Party or to other front organizations?
"10. Is printing done at a Communist printing house?
"11. Does the organization use entertainers associated with pro-Communist organizations or entertainments?
"12. Does the organization receive favorable publicity in the Communist press?
"13. Is the organization uniformly loyal to the Soviet Union?
X SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
"CHANGES IN PARTY LINE
"The line of the Communist Party on foreign policy is cited here- with. Its advocacy by an individual or organization, throughout all its variations, is a sound test of the loyalty and subservience of such an individual or organization to the Communist Party:
"Prior to August 1935. — No distinction was made between Fascist and demo- cratic governments. They were all capitalistic and had to be destroyed by a revolution and replaced by a proletarian dictatorship.
"August 1935 to September 1939. — Adolf Hitler became a threat to the Soviet Union. Opposition to the Fascist governments. Support of collective security or a united front of the democracies and the Soviet Union against the Fascist nations.
"August S3, 1939 to June 21, 1941.— The period of the Stalin-Hitler pact. Op- position to the war as imperialist. Support of an isolationist position. Support of the peace policy of the Soviet Union. Demand that we pay attention to our own domestic problems first.
"June 22, 1941, to 1944- — Hitler attacked the Soviet Union. Support of the * * * war against fascism. Demand for a second front to aid the struggle of the Soviet Union. [Communist International dissolved in 1943 to strengthen Communist Party pose as local, patriotic organization.]"
Since the above-quoted sketch was written in 1944, the committee offers the following additions to bring the Communist Party line on foreign policy up to date:
1945 to 1956. — Return of overt Soviet hostility toward non-Communist powers; Communist Information Bureau formed in 1947 as modified version of Communist International. Revival of doctrine of inevitable conflict between two camps — the "progressive" camp of the Soviet Union and its satellites and the "imperialist" camp represented by the United States. Support of the Communist "peace" offensive, which of course covered such "peaceful" moves as the Communists' aggression in Korea.
February 1956 to date. — Return to united front policy of 1935. Support of Khrushchev and "collective leadership" of Soviet Union, which desanctified Stalin and abolished the Communist Information Bureau. War with capitalist countries no longer inevitable (unless they resist). Cooperation among Communists, capitalists, socialists and neutrals demanded.
The extreme changes in the foreign policy line of the Communist Party, U. S. A., as outlined above, are the direct results of Soviet maneuvering to meet various exigencies of the U. S. S. R. There has Dever been a change in one basic Communist purpose from 1918 to the present date, however — the eventual elimination of non-Com- munist governments and the establishment of world hegemony for the Soviet Union.
FRONT ORGANIZATIONS AS DESCRIBED BY J. EDGAR HOOVER AND FORMER ATTORNEY GENERAL FRANCIS BIDDLE
The following is an excerpt from the testimony of J. Edgar Hoover before the Committee on Un-American Activities on March 26, 1947:
For the most part, front organizations assumed the character of either a mass or membership organization or a paper organization. Both solicited and used names of prominent persons. Literally hundreds of groups and organizations have either been infiltrated or organized primarily to accomplish the purposes of promoting the interests of the Soviet Union in the United States, the promotion of Soviet war and peace aims, the exploitation of Negroes in the United States, work among foreign-language groups, and to secure a favorable viewpoint toward the Communists in domestic, political, social, and economic issues.
The first requisite for front organizations is an idealistic sounding title. Hun- dreds of such organizations have come into bsing and have gone out of existence
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS XI
when their true purposes have become known or exposed while others with high- sounding names are continually springing up.
******* There are easy tests to establish the real character of such organizations:
1. Does the group espouse the cause of Americanism or the cause of Soviet Russia?
2. Does the organization feature as speakers at its meetings known Commu- nists, sympathizers, or fellow travelers?
3. Does the organization shift when the party line shifts?
4. Does the organization sponsor causes, campaigns,- literature, petitions, or other activities sponsored by the party or other front organizations?
5. Is the organization used as a sounding board by or is it endorsed by Com- munist-controlled labor unions?
6. Does its literature follow the Communist line or is it printed by the Com- munist press?
7. Does the organization receive consistent favorable mention in Communist publications?
8. Does the organization present itself to be nonpartisan yet engage in political activities and consistently advocate causes favored by the Communists?
9. Does the organization denounce American and British foreign policy while always lauding Soviet policy?
10. Does the organization utilize Communist "double talk" by referring to Soviet-dominated countries as democracies, complaining that the United States is imperialistic and constantly denouncing monopoly-capital?
11. Have outstanding leaders in public life openly renounced affiliation with the organization?
12. Does the organization, if espousing liberal progressive causes, attract well- known honest patriotic liberals or does it denounce well-known liberals?
13. Does the organization have a consistent record of supporting the American viewpoint over the years?
14. Does the organization consider matters not directly related to its avowed purposes and objectives?
Id his decisioD od the deportatioo of Harry Bridges, the Attorney Geoeral, Mr. Fraocis Biddle, iDcluded the followiDg excelleot descrip- tioo of ConunuDist-froDt orgaoizatioDs:
Testimony on front organizations showed that they were represented to the public for some legitimate reform objective, but actually used by the Communist Party to carry on its activities pending the time when the Communists believe they can seize power through revolution.
GUIDE TO SUBVERSIVE
Organizations and Publications
INTRODUCTION
The following organizations and publications have been declared to be Communist-front or outright Communist enterprises in official statements by Federal legislative and executive authorities, and by- various State and Territorial investigating committees.
In compiling the following lists, the Committee on Un-American Activities revises and brings up to date a compilation which it issued on May 14, 1951, under the same title, "Guide to Subversive Organ- izations and Publications."
In addition to general revisions and corrections, the new Guide adds 137 organizations and publications cited as Communist or Com- munist front by Federal authorities, and 43 organizations and publi- cations similarly characterized by State committees.
Altogether, the new Guide lists 469 organizations and 80 publica- tions cited as Communist or Communist front by Federal agencies; and 159 organizations and 25 publications cited as Communist or Communist front by State investigating committees. #
It is to be noted that the citations by State authorities are carried separately. Many citations by State committees referred to in pre- vious editions of the Guide are not included in the instant Guide, principally because they duplicate citations by Federal agencies or because they involve organizations and publications operating beyond the jurisdiction of the State authority.
It is to be emphasized that the elimination from the instant Guide of any citation heretofore made by a duly constituted authority does not necessarily mean that the Committee on Un-American Activities has made any findings whatsoever, either favorable or adverse, re- garding such organization or publication.
The committee has ascertained that a Communist front is an organ- ization or publication created or captured by the Communists to do the party's work in areas where an openly Communist project would be unwelcome. Because subterfuge often makes it difficult to recog- nize its true nature, the Communist front has become the greatest
2 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
weapon of communism in this country. A Communist front, for example, may camouflage its true purposes behind such moral and human appeals as "peace" and "civil rights" while serving the aims of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union.
By "outright" Communist enterprises, the committee refers to such organizations as the Communist Party, U. S. A., whose subservience to the Soviet Union and international communism cannot be disguised. An examination of this compilation will disclose relatively few organi- zations of this nature as compared with the hundreds of front organi- zations controlled by the Communist Party in the United States.
The committee believes that the issuance of this new edition of its Guide is particularly timely in view of the Communists' recent revival of their "united front" policy of the 1930's. In contrast to the overtly hostile attitude adopted by Communists in the post-World War II period, a switch in party line decreed by Soviet Communist leaders this year calls for Communists to extend their hands in "friendship" and "cooperation" with non-Communists — whether as nations, or- ganizations or individuals.
Similar efforts to create what Communists called a "united front" with non-Communists occurred in the mid-1930's as a direct result of the Soviet Union's fear of the rising power of the Fascist dictatorships. A multitude of Communist fronts flourished in the United States in that period because thousands of dupes were lulled by the Commu- nists' siren song of friendship. Many of the organizations which operated at that time are listed in this compilation.
The current "united front" policy was decreed by the new "collective leadership" of the Soviet Union early in 1956 as one of various Com- munist Party line changes considered necessary to meet new exigencies of the Soviet dictatorship. Communist fronts which sprang up during this year, as well as previously established organizations under Com- munist control, have exploited the new theme to the utmost.
Americans who are mindful of previous Communist duplicity along the same lines will not be fooled by the Communists' "extended hand of friendship" and will withhold their support from presently- operating Communist and Communist-front enterprises. In view of the devious disguises employed by Communist-front groups, however, the committee believes that this revised Guide will provide additional assistance to those who would avoid aiding a subversive cause. Many Communist fronts currently functioning in the United States are identified in this compilation.
In listing Communist and Communist-front organizations and publications, the committee has relied upon the characterization which was made by the Federal or State authority originally making the declaration. The fact that this Guide includes characterizations by authorities other than the House Committee on Un-American Activities should not be construed to mean that this committee is in any way verifying the findings of other official bodies. This com- mittee is merely the compiler of the information, the source of which is each agency's own official reports.
Part I of the Guide lists organizations characterized as Communist and Communist-front by Federal authorities, namely: United States Attorneys General Francis Biddle, Tom Clark, and J. Howard McGrath; the Subversive Activities Control Board; the Senate Judiciary Committee and its Internal Security Subcommittee; a
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 3
special subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropriations; the House Committee on Un-American Activities, and its predecessor, the Special Committee on Un-American Activities.
Part II lists publications cited as Communist or Communist-front by the same Federal authorities.
Part III of the Guide contains the names of organizations character- ized as Communist or Communist-front by duly-authorized State and Territorial investigating committees. In compiling this list, the com- mittee has omitted those organizations which have already been characterized by Federal authorities in Part I. The committee has further confined the list to organizations having headquarters or major activity in the State or Territory in which the particular in- vestigating committee is located. Characterizations by the following committees are included in Part III:
Massachusetts Special Commission to Investigate the Ac- tivities * * * of Communistic, Fascist, Nazi and Other Sub- versive Organizations.
Massachusetts Committee to Curb Communism. Subcommittee of the New York State Joint Legislative Com- mittee to Investigate Procedures and Methods of Allocating State Moneys for Public School Purposes and Subversive Activities (Rapp-Coudert Committee). Ohio Un-American Activities Commission. California Joint Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities and its successor, the California Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities.
Washington State Joint Legislative Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities.
Hawaiian Commission on Subversive Activities. Part IV contains the names of publications cited as Communist or Communist-front by the aforementioned State and Territorial in- vestigating committees. In compiling the list, the committee em- ployed the same selective procedure as that described above in the case of organizations characterized by these local investigating bodies. Appendix I to this Guide records official action by this committee or the California Senate Fact-Finding Committee on Un-American Activities rescinding previous listings of 2 organizations and 1 pub- lication as Communist fronts. The organizations and the publication in question, which were carried in the preceding edition of the Guide, have been deleted from the current edition for reasons stated in Appendix I.
Appendix II consists of the list of organizations designated by Attorney General Herbert Brownell under Executive Order 10450, which establishes security requirements for Government employment. Appendix III lists organizations which have been characterized by United States Attorneys General Tom Clark and J. Howard McGrath as belonging to one or more of the following categories : "Totalitarian," "Fascist," or organizations which have "adopted a policy of advocat- ing or approving the commission of acts of force and violence to deny others their rights under the Constitution of the United States."
PART I
ORGANIZATIONS CITED AS COMMUNIST OR COMMUNIST- FRONT BY FEDERAL AUTHORITIES
ABOLISH PEONAGE COMMITTEE
1. Recently reconstituted by the Communist front, the Civil Rights Congress.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115 on the Civil Rights Congress, September 2, 1947, p. 10.)
ABRAHAM LINCOLN BRIGADE OR BATTALION
1. Cited as Communist.
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
2. "The Communist Party was active in recruiting American boys for
the so-called Abraham Lincoln Brigade in behalf of Loyalist Spain. Browder has boasted that 60 percent of the brigade was composed of Communist Party members."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P. 146.) ABRAHAM LINCOLN SCHOOL (Chicago, III.)
1. Cited as an adjunct of the Communist Party.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947.)
2. Successor of the Workers School as a "Communist educational
medium" in Chicago.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 82.)
3. "Schools under patriotic and benevolent titles indoctrinate Com-
munists and outsiders in the theory and practice of commu- nism, train organizers and operatives, recruit new party members and sympathizers * * * A school of this type has been the Abraham Lincoln School, Chicago * * *"
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, pp. 91 and 92.)
ACTION COMMITTEE TO FREE SPAIN NOW
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
ALABAMA PEOPLES EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION
1. Cited as a subversive and Communist organization which "seeks to alter the form of government of the United States by unconstitu- tional means."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 23, 1951.)
©5822°— 57 2 6
6 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
ALL-AMERICAN ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE
1. Cited as a "Communist-front organization."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, in re Harry Bridges, May ' 28, 1942, p. 10.)
2. Cited as a Communist enterprise.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, P. 76.) ALL-CALIFORNIA CONFERENCE FOR DEFENSE OF CIVIL RIGHTS AND AID TO LABOR'S PRISONERS
1. Cited as a Communist front and a subsidiary of the International Labor Defense.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 166.) ALLIED LABOR NEWS
1. Cited as a "Communist-controlled" news syndicate. "This was
an international organization syndicating news and articles chiefly to the labor press, and in practice primarily to the Communist and pro-Communist press."
(Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Institute oj Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, pp. 73, 95,
m 145 and 146.)
2. "Certain Communist fronts are organized for the purpose of
promulgating Communist ideas and misinformation into the bloodstream of public opinion. Examples of such organizations are the Allied Labor News Service * * *."
(Internal Security Subcommittee oj the Senate Judiciary Committee, Handbook j or Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.)
ALMANAC SINGERS
1. "Communist entertainers."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 97.)
AMBIJAN COMMITTEE FOR EMERGENCY AID TO THE SOVIET UNION
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P. 174.)
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR RECONSTRUCTION IN YUGOSLAVIA, INC.
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. Cited as a Communist front whose functions were designed to
victimize Slavic Americans for Communist purposes.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1951, on the American Slav Congress, April 26, 1950, originally released June 26, 1949, pp. 89-92.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 7
AMERICAN BRANCH OF THE FEDERATION OF GREEK MARITIME UNIONS
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR A FREE YUGOSLAVIA (THE) 1. Cited as "a branch of the Moscow-inspired American Slav Congress operating in Seattle, Wash. * * * The records of the officers of the American Committee for Free Yugoslavia show the con- necting links between that organization, the American Slav Congress, the Communist Party and its front organizations." (Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1951, on the American Slav Congress, April 26, 1950, originally released, June 26, 1949, p. 89.)
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR DEMOCRACY AND INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM
1. Cited as a Communist front which defended Communist teachers.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H. R. 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 13, and House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P. 87.)
2. Cited as subversive and un-American.
(Special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Appro- priations, Report, April 21, 1943, p. 3.)
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR EUROPEAN WORKERS' RELIEF (See also
Socialist Workers' Party) 1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR PROTECTION OF FOREIGN BORN
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "One of the oldest auxiliaries of the Communist Party in the United
States."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 155; also cited in Annual Report, H. R. 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 13.)
3. "To defend the cases of Communist lawbreakers, fronts have been
devised making special appeals in behalf of civil liberties and reaching out far beyond the confines of the Communist Party itself. Among these organizations are the * * * American Com- mittee for Protection of Foreign Born. When the Communist Party itself is under fire these offer a bulwark of protection." (Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.)
8 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR SPANISH FREEDOM
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Torn Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
2. A "recently established Communist-front organization whose
avowed objective is to force a break in diplomatic relations between the United States and Spain."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H. R. 2233, June 7, 1946, p. 29, also p. 37.)
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR STRUGGLE AGAINST WAR
1. Cited as a Communist front which was formed in response to direc- tives from a World Congress Against War held in Amsterdam in August 1932 under the auspices of the Communist Interna- tional. Avowed Communist Donald Henderson was executive director of the American Committee.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, PP. 47 and 119.) AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR YUGOSLAV RELIEF, INC.
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948 and September 21, 1948.)
2. Cited as a Communist front whose "collection of funds for 'relief
was only incidental to and a cover for its propaganda activities in behaif of the Communist regime in Yugoslavia."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1951 on
the American Slav Congress, April 26, 1950, originally
released June 26, 1949, pp. 77-81.)
AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR YUGOSLAV RELIEF OF THE WAR RELIEF FUND OF AMERICANS OF SOUTH SLAVIC DESCENT
1. Cited as a Communist front which was later known as the American Committee for Yugoslav Relief, Inc.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1951 on the American Slav Congress, April 26, 1950, originally released June 26, 1949, p. 77.)
AMERICAN COMMITTEE IN AID OF CHINESE INDUSTRIAL COOPER. ATIVES
1. Cited as a "Communist-controlled" organization also known as Indusco, Inc.
(Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Institute of Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, pp. 145 and 146.)
AMERICAN COMMITTEE TO SAVE REFUGEES
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 49, 112, 129, 133, 138, 167, 180.)^
2. Cited as one in a "series of Communist enterprises which have
dealt with Spain and the Spanish Civil War." Merged with the Exiled Writers Committee of the League of American Writers
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 9
and the United American Spanish Aid Committee to form the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H. R. 2233, June 7, 1946, p. 27.)
AMERICAN COMMITTEE TO SURVEY TRADE UNION CONDITIONS IN EUROPE1
1. "This organization was created by the Communist Party for the purpose of supplying Communists or Communist-disciplined trade unionists transportation into the Soviet Union and its satellite countries to propagandize against the United States and in behalf of the Soviet Union."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1951, H. R. 2431, July 2, 1952, originally released February 17, 1952, pp. 17 and 18.)
AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS FOR PEACE (September 5-10,
1949, in Mexico City) (See also Committee for United States Participation in
the American Continental Congress for Peace)
1. Cited as "another phase in the Communist 'peace' campaign, aimed
at consolidating anti-American forces throughout the Western
Hemisphere."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 21.)
AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR A DEMOCRATIC GREECE
1. Cited as a subversive and Communist organization formerly known as the Greek-American Council and the Greek American Com- mittee for National Unity.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
AMERICAN COUNCIL, INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS {See Institute of Pacific Relations)
AMERICAN COUNCIL ON SOVIET RELATIONS
1. Cited as the subversive and Communist successor to the Friends
of the Soviet Union.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. Cited as a Communist front.
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, Sep- tember 24, 1942, p. 7688.)
3. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 174-) AMERICAN CROATIAN CONGRESS 1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
i Later known as American Committee to Survey Labor Conditions in Europe.
10 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR TRADE UNION COMMITTEE FOR UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE AND RELIEF
1. "In 1936, the Communists were utilizing a front known as the A. F. of L. Trade Union Committee for Unemployment Insurance and Relief to back legislation drafted by the Communist Party. The American Federation of Labor officially repudiated this organi- zation as a fraud. Action was brought before the Federal Trade Commission and the committee was ordered to cease and desist from using this name."
{Special Committee on Un -American Activities, House Report
1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944,
p. 169.)
AMERICAN FRIENDS OF SPANISH DEMOCRACY
1. "In 1937-38, the Communist Party threw itself wholeheartedly into the campaign for the support of the Spanish Loyalist cause, recruiting men and organizing multifarious so-called relief organ- izations * * * such as * * * American Friends of Spanish Democracy."
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P- 82.) AMERICAN FRIENDS OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE
1. Cited as a Communist front.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 40 and 147.)
2. Cited as a "Communist-controlled" organization.
{Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Insti- tute of Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, pp. 145 and 146-)
AMERICAN FRIENDS OF THE MEXICAN PEOPLE
1. Cited as a Communist front.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 153.)
AMERICAN FUND FOR PUBLIC SERVICE (GARLAND FUND)
1. "Established in 1922 * * * it was a major source for the financing of Communist Party enterprises" such as the Daily Worker and New Masses, official Communist publications, Federated Press, Russian Reconstruction Farms, and International Labor De- fense. William Z. Foster, present chairman, Communist Party, and Scott Nearing, a leading writer for the Party, served on the board of directors of the Fund.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House report
1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, PP- 75 and 76.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 11
AMERICAN JEWISH LABOR COUNCIL
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
2. "With an eye to religious groups, the Communists have formed
religious fronts such as the * * * American Jewish Labor Council,"
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.) AMERICAN LABOR ALLIANCE
1. The Communist Party of America, which was operating under- •ground n 1921, followed a mandate from the Communist Inter- national and established the American Labor Alliance as "its open, legal expression."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 209 on 11 The Communist Party of the United States as an Agent of a Foreign Power," April 1, 1947, p. 15; also cited in House Report 1694 on "Organized Communism in the United States," May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, p. 69.) AMERICAN LABOR PARTY
1. "For years, the Communists have put forth the greatest efforts to
capture the entire American Labor Party throughout New York State. They succeeded in capturing the Manhattan and Brook- lyn sections of the American Labor Party but outside of New York City they have been unable to win control."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944,
V- 78.)
2. "Communist dissimulation extends into the field of political parties
forming political front organizations such as the * * * American Labor Party. The Communists are thus enabled to present their candidates for elective office under other than a straight Communist label."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.) AMERICAN LEAGUE AGAINST WAR AND FASCISM
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. A "Communist-front organization."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, in re Harry Bridges, May ' 28, 1942, p. 10.)
3. "Established in the United States in an effort to create public
sentiment on behalf of a foreign policy adapted to the interests of the Soviet Union."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record,
' September 24, 1942, p. 7683.)
4. "The American League Against War and Fascism was organized
at the First United States Congress Against War which was held in New York City, September 29 to October 1, 1933. Four
12 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
years later at Pittsburgh, November 26-28, 1937, the name of the organization was changed to the American League for Peace and Democracy. * * * It remained as completely under the control of Communists when the name was changed as it had been before."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 53; also cited in Annual Reports, H. R. 2, January 8, 1939, pp. 69 and 121; H. R. 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 10; H. R. 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 14.) 5. "Communist fronts change in accordance with the current party Hue. Thus when the party line was stridently anti-United States in the early 1930's, the Communists launched the Ameri- can League Against War and Fascism."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 92.)
AMERICAN LEAGUE FOR PEACE AND DEMOCRACY (See also China Aid Council, National People's Committee Against Hearst)
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. Established in the United States in 1937 as successor to the Ameri-
can League Against War and Fascism "in an effort to create public sentiment on behalf of a foreign policy adapted to the iuterests of the Soviet Union. * * * The American League for Peace and Democracy * * * was designed to conceal Communist control, in accordance with the new tactics of the Communist International."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record,
' September 24, 1942, pp. 7683 and 7684.)
3. "The largest of the Communist 'front' movements in the United
States is the American League for Peace and Democracy, for- merly known as the American League Against War and Fascism, and, at the time of its inception, as the United States Congress Against War. * * * The league contends publicly that it is not a Communist-front movement, yet at the very beginning Communists dominated it. Earl Browder was its vice presi- dent." "An examination of the program of the American League will show that the organization was nothing more nor less than a bold advocate of treason."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H. R. 2, January 3, 1939, pp. 69-71 and House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 37; also cHed in Annual Reports, H. R. 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 10; H. R. 1, January 3, 1941, p. 21; H. R. 2277, June 25, 1942, pp. 14-16; and H. R. 2748, January 2, 1948, p. 8.)
4. Cited as subversive and un-American.
(Special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Appro- priations, Report, April 21, 1943, p. 3.)
5. "Communist fronts change in accordance with the current party
line. * * * In the face of the growing menace of Adolf Hitler in the late 1930's, they [the Communists] projected the
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 13
American League for Peace and Democracy advocating collec- tive security with the democracies against fascism."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 28, 1956, p. 92.)
AMERICAN NEGRO LABOR CONGRESS
1. Cited as a "Communist front organization."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, in re Harry Bridges, May ' 28, 1942, p. 10.)
2. Cited as a predecessor of the National Negro Congress.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report H. R. 2, January 8, 1989, p. 81.)
3. Cited as among "the most prominent and important Communist
Negro fronts in the past * * * William Odell Nowell * * * testified that after he had received instructions in the Soviet Union and returned to the United States, the Communist Party placed him as president of the American Negro Labor Congress. In his testimony he recounted how in 1929 or 1930 this organiza- tion was changed over to the League of Struggle for Negro Rights * * *"
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report on "The
American Negro in the Communist Parly," Dec. 22, 1954,
p. 10.)
AMERICAN PEACE APPEAL
1. Cited as a Communist front project "in the recent peace offensive after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 28, 1956, p. 96.)
AMERICAN PEACE CRUSADE (Organized in January 1951, with national headquarters at 1186 Broadway, New York 1, N. Y.) ' {See also Northern California Peace Crusade, San Diego Peace Forum, Southern California Peace Crusade)
1. Cited as an organization which "the Communists established" as
"a new intrument for their 'peace' offensive in the United States" and which was heralded by the Daily Worker "with the usual bold headlines reserved for projects in line with the Communist objectives."
(Committee on Un-American Activities. Statement on the March of Treason, February 19, 1951, and House Report 878 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 51.)
2. "As part of Soviet psychological warfare against the United States,
Communist fronts seek to paralyze America's will to resist Com- munist aggression by idealizing Russia's aims and methods, dis- crediting the United States, spreading defeatism and demorali- zation * * * specializing in this field * * * have been such organizations as the American Peace Crusade."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 28, 1956, p. 90, see also pp. 92 and 96.)
• Note difference in years during which this organization and the one following, under same name, were and are active.
14 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
AMERICAN PEACE CRUSADE (During Stalin-Hitler Pact)
1. Cited as "a Communist front later merged into the American Peace Mobilization" and as the "California section of the American Peace Mobilization."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 47 and 96.)
AMERICAN PEACE MOBILIZATION (See also Washington Peace Mobili- zation)
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "Formed in the summer of 1940 under the auspices of the Com-
munist Party and the Young Communist League as a 'front' organization designed to mold American opinion against partici- pation in the war against Germany. * * * The most con- spicuous activity of American Peace Mobilization was the picket- ing of the White House, which began in April 1941, in protest against lend-lease and the entire national defense program." (Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7684.)
3. Cited as "one of the most seditious organizations which ever op-
erated in the United States" and "instrument of the Communist
Party line prior to Hitler's attack on Russia."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- & I °^s0 cited in Annual Reports, H. R. 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 13; and H. R. 2748, January 2, 1943, pp. 8 and 9.)
4. "Communist fronts change in accordance with the current party
line * * * During the Stalin-Hitler Pact (1939-1941) * * * the American Peace Mobilization * * * picketed the White House against lend-lease and the defense program."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 92.)
AMERICAN PEOPLE'S CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION FOR PEACE
1. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.)
AMERICAN PEOPLE'S FUND
1. "The American People's Fund was organized by [Frederick Vander- bilt] Field as a repository for funds to be distributed to Com- munist enterprises." Field served as its head, and Helen Bryan as treasurer.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H. R. 2233, June 7, 1946, p. 28.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 15
AMERICAN PEOPLE'S MEETING
1. "The name chosen for its national convention by the seditious Amer- ican Peace Mobilization." Held April 5-6, 1941, in New York City.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 106.) AMERICAN PEOPLE'S MOBILIZATION
1. "American Peace Mobilization was formed in the summer of 1940
under the auspices of the Communist Party and the Young Communist League as a 'front' organization designed to mold American opinion against participation in the war against Ger- many. Its existence terminated within a month after the Ger- man invasion of Russia when it became American People's Mo- bilization and adopted a program favoring complete assistance to Britain, Russia, and China."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7684.)
2. "Immediately after Hitler's invasion of Russia, the American Peace
Mobilization changed its name to the American People's Mobili- zation, and reversed all of its former positions in exact accord- ance with the changes which Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union occasioned in the line of the Communist Party."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Re-
' port, H. R. 2748, January 2, 1943, p. 9.)
3. "Communist fronts change in accordance with the current party
line * * * After Hitler attacked the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, and Russia became an ally, this organization [American Peace Mobilization] was transformed into the American People's Mobilization which supported the war effort."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 92.)
AMERICAN POLISH LABOR COUNCIL
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
AMERICAN RELIEF SHIP FOR SPAIN
1. Cited as "one of the several Communist Party front enterprises which raised funds for Loyalist Spain (or rather raised funds for the Communist end of that civil war)."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 102.)
AMERICAN RESCUE SHIP MISSION
1. Cited as Communist, and "a project of the United American Span-
ish Aid Committee."
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released July 25, 1949.)
2. Cited as one in a "series of Communist enterprises" which was
"managed by the United American Spanish Aid Commit- tee" and which was "launched in 1940 under false claims as to the
16 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
amount of money necessary to charter a ship to bring Spanish refugees from Europe to Mexico."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H. R.
2233, June 7, 1946, pp. 19 and 27.
AMERICAN-RUMANIAN FILM CORP.
1. "[Nicholas] Dozenberg, acting upon instructions which had been given him in Moscow, established the American-Rumanian Film Corp. This firm was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, and its sole purpose, according to Dozenberg, was to furnish a cover for the operation of the Soviet Military Intel- ligence in Rumania."
(Committee on Un-American Activities. Report on The Shame- ful Years, H. R. 1229, January 8, 1952, originally released December SO, 1951, p. 9.)
AMERICAN-RUSSIAN FRATERNAL SOCIETY
1. Cited as Communist and among the "national group societies of In- ternational Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
AMERICAN-RUSSIAN INSTITUTE (New York) (also known as American- Russian Institute for Cultural Relations With the Soviet Union)
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, ' released April 21 '. 1949.)
2. Cited as a "Communist-controlled" organization which was inti-
mately linked with the Institute of Pacific Relations.
(Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Institute of Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, pp. 73, 95, 145 and 146.)
3. Cited as specializing in pro-Soviet propaganda.
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.)
AMERICAN RUSSIAN INSTITUTE (Philadelphia)
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
AMERICAN RUSSIAN INSTITUTE OF SAN FRANCISCO
1. Cited as a Communist organization.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 21, 1948.)
AMERICAN RUSSIAN INSTITUTE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA (Los Angeles)
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, - released April 27, 1949.)
AMERICAN-RUSSIAN TRADING CORP.
1. Cited as a Soviet Government agency in the United States.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Re" port, H. R. 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 8.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 17
2. "With the founding of Amtorg, the Soviet Union had for the first time a legitimate cover for its espionage activities in the United States."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1229 on The Shameful Years, January 8, 1952, originally released December 80, 1951, p. 6.)
AMERICAN SERBIAN COMMITTEE FOR RELIEF OF WAR ORPHANS IN YUGOSLAVIA
1. Cited as a Communist front which is "similar in character to the American Committee for Yugoslav Relief."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1951 on the American Slav Congress, April 26, 1950, originally released June 26, 1949, p. 81.)
AMERICAN SLAV CONGRESS
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. Cited as "a Moscow-inspired and directed federation of Communist-
dominated organizations seeking by methods of propaganda and pressure to subvert the 10,000,000 people in this country of Slavic birth or descent."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1951 on
the American Slav Congress, April 26, 1950, originally
released June 26, 1949, p. 1.)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CULTURAL RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA >
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 129.)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TECHNICAL AID TO SPANISH DEMOCRACY
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 116.)
AMERICAN-SOVIET SCIENCE SOCIETY
1. Cited as an affiliate of the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, Inc.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report to the Full Committee of the Special Subcommittee on National Security of the Committee on Un-American Activities, March 18, 1948, pp. 5 and 6.)
AMERICAN SPONSORING COMMITTEE FOR REPRESENTATION AT THE SECOND WORLD PEACE CONGRESS
1. Cited as part of the Second World Peace Congress, with an office
at 135 Liberty Street, New York 6, N. Y., which made an
announcement in the Daily Worker on November 9, 1950, that
"60 persons would go to Sheffield as a United States delegation."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 878 on
the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally
released April 1, 1951, p. 86.)
» Incorrectly referred to In report as Society for Cultural Relations with Soviet Russia.
18 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
AMERICAN STUDENT UNION
1. Cited as a Communist front which was "the result of a united
front gathering of young Socialists and Communists" in Colum- bus, Ohio in 1935. 1 The Young Commuaist League took credit for the creation of the organization, which offered free trips to the Soviet Union. It claimed to have led as many as 500,000 students out in annual April 22 strikes in the United States. (Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H. R. 2, January 3, 1939, p. 80: also cited in Annual Reports, H. R. 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 9, H. R. 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 16; and in House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 159.)
2. Cited as subversive and un-American.
(Special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropria- tions, Report, April 21, 1943, p. 3.) AMERICAN STUDENTS REPUDIATE AGGRESSION IN KOREA 1. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee oj the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.) AMERICAN TECHNICAL AID SOCIETY 1. Cited as an affiliate of the Friends of the Soviet Union.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, ' H. R. 2, January 3, 1939, p. 79.) AMERICAN VETERANS FOR PEACE (See also Veterans for Peace) 1. Cited as "another specialized 'peace' front of the Communist Party" which sent 100 delegates to the "Peace" Pilgrimage sponsored by the American Peace Crusade in March 1951.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 52.) AMERICAN WOMEN FOR PEACE
1. Cited as "an advance wave to establish a beachhead for other left- wing organizations scheduled to descend on Washington in observance of a Communist-declared 'Peace Week.'"
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 75.) AMERICAN WORKERS PARTY (December 1933-December 1934) 1. Cited as one of the "dissenting groups" in the Communist move- ment in the United States. Its formation was announced by the Conference for Progressive Labor Action at a meeting in Pittsburgh in December 1933. "A unity convention was held in December 1934 when the members of the Communist League of America were taken into the American Workers Party. In March 1936, the American Workers Party 2 merged with the Socialist Party and thus disappeared from the scene."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1694 on Organized Communism in the United States, May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, p. 142, also p. 141.)
.' Date incorrectly appears as 1937 In H. R. 2 of January 3, 1939.
1 The American Workers Party was actually known as the Workers Party of the United States subsequent to absorbing the Communist League of America in December 1934.
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 19
AMERICAN WRITERS CONGRESS •
1. Earl Browder, general secretary of the Communist Party, was a speaker at the second biennial American Writers Congress in 1937; the Congress was sponsored by the League of American Writers, cited as subversive by the Attorney General.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, V- 82.) AMERICAN YOUTH CONGRESS
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "It originated in 1934 and * * * has been controlled by Com-
munists and manipulated by them to influence the thought of American youth."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record,
September 24, 1942, p. 7685; also cited in re Harry Bridges,
May 28, 1942, p. 10.)
3. "One of the principal fronts of the Communist Party" and "promi-
nently identified with the White House picket line * * * under the immediate auspices of the American Peace Mobilization." (Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H. R. 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 16; also cited in Annual Reports, H. R. 2, January 3, 1939, p. 82; and H.R. 1, Jan- uary 3, 1941, V- 81; and House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 102.)
4. Cited as subversive and un-American.
(Special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropria- tions, Report, April 21, 1943, p. 3.) AMERICAN YOUTH FOR A FREE WORLD
1. Cited as an organization which is the affiliate in the United States of the World Federation of Democratic Youth and which has been "the Communist clearing house for international student and youth information." Offices of this organization are lo- cated at 144 Bleecker Street, New York, N. Y.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 878 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, origi- nally released, April 1, 1951, p. 77.) AMERICAN YOUTH FOR DEMOCRACY
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. Cited as a Communist organization which has been succeeded by
the Labor Youth League.
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released August 80, 1950.)
3. Cited as the new name under which the Young Communist League
operates and which also largely absorbed the American Youth Congress.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 102.)
> The First American Writers Congress, held April 26-28, 1935, In New York City, was also known as the Congress of American Revolutionary Writers. See also citation under Congress of American Revolutionary Writers.
20 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
4. Cited as a front formed in October 1943 to succeed the Young Com-
munist League and for the purpose of exploiting to the advantage of a foreign power the idealism, inexperience, and craving to join which is characteristic of American college youth. Its "high-sounding slogans" cover "a determined effort to disaffect our youth and to turn them against religion, the American home, against the college authorities, and against the American Gov- ernment itself."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 271 on American Youth for Democracy, April 17, 1947.)
5. "As part of Soviet psychological warfare against the United States,
Communist fronts seek to paralyze America's will to resist Communist aggression by idealizing Russia's aims and methods, discrediting the United States, spreading defeatism and demorali- zation * * *. Specializing in this field * * * have been such organizations as * * * the American Youth for Democracy." (Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 90, see also p. 91.)
AMERICAN YOUTH PEACE CRUSADE
1. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.)
AMTORG TRADING CORP. (See American-Russian Trading Corp.) ARMENIAN PROGRESSIVE LEAGUE OF AMERICA
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
ARTISTS' FRONT TO WIN THE WAR
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P- 96.) ASSOCIATION OF INTERNS AND MEDICAL STUDENTS 1. Cited as an organization which "has long been a faithful follower of the Communist Party line" and which supported the Interna- tional Union of Students' Second "World Student Congress in Prague in August 1950.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 79.)
BALTIMORE COUNTY COMMITTEE FOR PEACE
1. "Howard Bernard Silverberg * * * together with his wife, founded the Communist 'Baltimore County Committee for Peace'."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1951, H. R. 2431, July 2, 1952, originally released February 17, 1952, p. 11.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 21
BAY AREA COMMITTEE TO SAVE THE ROSENBERGS
1. Cited as a "local auxiliary" at 228 McAllister Street, San Francisco* of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. "Rosenberg activities in the San Francisco area were under the direction of" this committee, whose executive secre- tary was Sylvia Steingart. "No other officers of the Bay Area organization were ever made known, and there is a strong likeli- hood that the campaign was actually steered from Los Angeles." (Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 71.)
BAY AREA ROSENBERG-SOBELL COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the local organizations active in the Communist propaganda campaign exploiting atomic spies Ethel and Julius Rosenberg and Morton Sobell. It was headed by Doris Brin TV alker.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 122.)
BOOK UNION
1. "Distributors of Communist literature."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report
1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, V- 96.)
BOSTON COMMITTEE TO SECURE CLEMENCY FOR THE ROSENBERGS
1. Cited as a local auxiliary of the National Committee to Secure
Justice in the Rosenberg Case. It was headed by Herman
Tamsky, as chairman, and Sue Koritz, as secretary.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, pp. 64 and 65.)
BOSTON SCHOOL FOR MARXIST STUDIES (Boston, Mass.)
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
BRIDGES-ROBERTSON-SCHMIDT DEFENSE COMMITTEE (See also Citizens' Committee for Harry Bridges, Citizens' Victory Committee for Harry Bridges, Harry Bridges Defense Committee, Harry Bridges Victory Committee)
1. "To defend the cases of Communist lawbreakers, fronts have been devised making special appeals in behalf of civil liberties and reaching out far beyond the confines of the Communist Party itself. Among these organizations are the * * * Bridges, Robertson, Schmidt Defense Committee. When the Com- munist Party itself is under fire these offer a bulwark of pro- tection."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary
Committee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April
28, 1956, p. 91.)
95822'— 57-
22 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
BRIEHL'S FARM (near Wallkill, N. Y.)
1. "The Communist management of six camps in New York State and another in California was exposed by committee investiga- tions and hearings." Listed among these is Briehl's Farm "advertised in the Daily "Worker as a resort center for both youth and adults," which has "also been used by the Com- munist Party as a training school for party leaders."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for
1955, H. R. 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, pp. 2 and 10.)
BRONX VICTORY LABOR COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a Communist front.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 156.) BROOKWOOD LABOR COLLEGE (Katonah, N. Y.) 1. Cited as "Communistic" and as the recipient of at least $115,000 from the American Fund for Public Service (Garland Fund). {Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 84 and 76.)
CALIFORNIA LABOR SCHOOL
1. Cited as a subversive and Communist organization at 216 Market
Street, San Francisco, Calif.
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "Schools under patriotic and benevolent titles indoctrinate Com-
munists and outsiders in the theory and practice of communism, train organizers and operatives, recruit new party members and sympathizers. * * * Schools of this type have been * * * California Labor School, San Francisco. * * *"
{Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23,
1956, pp. 91 and 92.)
CAMBRIDGE YOUTH COUNCIL
1. Cited as a "Communist-front organization."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1951, H. R. 2431, July 2, 1952, originally released February 17, 1952, p. 13.)
CAMP ARCADIA
1. Cited as an American Youth for Democracy camp.
{Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 271 on The American Youth for Democracy, April 17, 1947, p. 9.)
CAMP KINDERLAND (Hopewell Junction, N. Y.)
1. "The Communist management of six camps in New York State and another in California was exposed by committee investiga- tions and hearings." Listed among these is Camp Kinderland, a children's camp owned and operated since 1951 by Camp Lakeland, Inc. David Green and Sol Vail, manager and presi-
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 23
dent respectively of Camp Lakeland, Inc., "have been active members of the Communist Party."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for
1955, H. R. 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released
January 11, 1956, pp. 2, 8, and 9.)
CAMP LAKELAND (Hopewell Junction, N. Y.)
1. "The Communist management of six camps in New York State and another in California was exposed by committee investiga- tions and hearings." Listed among these is Camp Lakeland, "a summer camp for adults," owned and operated by Camp Lake- land, Inc.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1955, H. R. 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, pp. 2 and 9.)
CAMP TIMBERLINE (Jewett, N. Y.)
1. "The Communist management of six camps in New York State and another in California was exposed by committee investiga- tions and hearings." Listed among these is Camp Timberline, a children's camp co-directed by Mr. and Mrs. Elton Gustafson. (Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1955, H. R. 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, pp. 2 and 10.)
CAMP UNITY (Wingdale, N. Y.)
1. Cited as a "notorious Communist rendezvous. "
(Committee on Un-American Activities. Annual Report for 1955, H. R. 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, pp. 9 and 10.)
CAMP WOODLAND (Phoenicia, N. Y.)
1. "The Communist management of six camps in New York State and another in California was exposed by committee investiga- tions and hearings." Listed among these is Camp Woodland, a children's camp directed by Norman Studer.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1955, H. R. 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, pp. 2 and 10.)
CARPATHO-RUSSIAN PEOPLES SOCIETY
1. Cited as Communist and among the "national group societies of International Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGraih, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
CENTRAL COUNCIL OF AMERICAN CROATIAN WOMEN (See Central
Council of American Women of Croatian Descent) CENTRAL COUNCIL OF AMERICAN WOMEN OF CROATIAN DESCENT
1. Cited as subversive and Communist. It is also known as Central Council of American Croatian Women or National Council of Croatian Women.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
24 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
CERVANTES FRATERNAL SOCIETY
1. Cited as Communist and among the "national group societies of International Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
CHICAGO COMMITTEE FOR PEACEFUL ALTERNATIVES TO THE AT- LANTIC PACT (See Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact)
CHICAGO COMMITTEE TO SECURE JUSTICE IN THE ROSENBERG CASE
1. Cited as a "local auxiliary" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. "Literature of the Chicago Rosenberg Committee lists Nelson Algren as honorary chairman and Josephine Granat as executive secretary. The actual opera- tion of the organization was under the direction of Mrs. Granat * * * who drew a salary of $85 a week from the National Committee."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 72.)
CHICAGO SOBELL COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the local organizations active in the Communist propaganda campaign exploiting atomic spies Ethel and Julius Rosenberg and Morton Sobell. "Bank records of April 8, 1954, list Gertrude Gunther as chairman and Phyllis Pildes as execu- tive secretary of the organization. On February 7, 1955 * * * the bank records listed Ruth Rothstein as chairman; Ruth Belmont as secretary, and David L. Soltker, husband of Gertrude Gunther, as treasurer."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 124.)
CHINA AID COUNCIL
1. A "subsidiary" of the American League for Peace and Democracy.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H. R. 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 16.)
2. Cited as a "Communist-controlled" organization which began as a
part of the American League for Peace and Democracy and later combined with the American Committee for Chinese War Orphans.
(Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Insti- tute of Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, pp. 70, 145 and 146.)
CITIZENS' COMMITTEE FOR HARRY BRIDGES (See also Bridges-Robert- son-Schmidt Defense Committee, Citizens' Victory Committee for Harry Bridges, Harry Bridges Defense Committee, Harry Bridges Victory Committee)
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
2. Cited as a Communist front, located at 1265 Broadway, New York
City, which was formed to oppose deportation of Harry Bridges, Communist Party member and leader of the disastrous San
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 25
Francisco general strike of 1934 which was planned by the Communist Party.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, PP- 90 and 94.) CITIZENS' COMMITTEE OF THE UPPER WEST SIDE 1. Cited as a subversive organization in New York City which is among the affiliates and committees of the Communist Party, U. S. A., and "which seeks to alter the form of government of the United States by unconstitutional means."
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947.) CITIZENS' COMMITTEE TO FREE EARL BROWDER «
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.) ^
2. Cited as a Communist organization.
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, Sep- tember 24, 1942, p. 7687.)
3. "When Earl Browder (then general secretary, Communist Party)
was in Atlanta Penitentiary serving a sentence involving his fraudulent passports, the Communist Party's front which agi- tated for his release was known as the Citizens' Committee to Free Earl Browder * * * Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, one of the few outstanding women leaders of the Communist Party in this country, headed it."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report
1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944,
pp. 6 and 55.)
CITIZENS' VICTORY COMMITTEE FOR HARRY BRIDGES (See also Bridges-Robertson-Schmidt Defense Committee, Citizens' Committee for Harry Bridges, Harry Bridges Defense Committee, Harry Bridges Victory Committee)
1. Cited as a Communist-Iron t organization.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 97.) CIVIL RIGHTS CONGRESS (See also Hawaii Civil Liberties Committee, Veterans Against Discrimination of the Civil Rights Congress of New York)
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. Cited as an organization formed at a Congress on Civil Rights
held in Detroit in April 1946 as a merger of two other Communist- front organizations (International Labor Defense and the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties); it was "dedicated not to the broader issues of civil liberties, but spe- cifically to the defense of individual Communists and the Com-
1 See also citation under National Free Browder Congress, sponsored by the Citizens Committee to Free Earl Browder.
26 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
munist Party" and "controlled by individuals who are either members of the Communist Party or openly loyal to it."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115
on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1047, originally
released September 2, 1047, pp. 2 and 10.)
3. "To defend the cases of Communist lawbreakers, fronts have been
devised making special appeals in behalf of civil liberties and
reaching out far beyond the confines of the Communist Party
itself. Among these organizations is the Civil Eights Congress.
When the Communist Party itself is under fire these fronts
offer a bulwark of protection."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1056, p. 01; see also p. 50.)
CIVIL RIGHTS CONGRESS FOR TEXAS
1. Cited as subversive.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1047.)
CIVIL RIGHTS CONGRESS, MILWAUKEE CHAPTER
1. Cited as subversive.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1 , 1048.)
CIVIL RIGHTS CONGRESS OF MICHIGAN
1. Cited as subversive.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1048.)
CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION OF MOBILIZATION FOR DEMOCRACY
1. A Los Angeles organization "affiliated with the Civil Rights Congress."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115 on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1047, originally released September 2, 1047, p. 11.)
CIVIL RIGHTS FEDERATION (Michigan) (See Michigan Civil Rights
Federation) CLEVELAND COMMITTEE TO SECURE CLEMENCY FOR THE ROSEN-
BERGS
1. Cited as a "local auxiliary" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. "Leaders of the Cleveland organ- ization were George Moed and Mildred Rothenberg, wife of Don Rothenberg."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1056, p. 82.)
COLUMBUS PEACE ASSOCIATION
1. Cited as one of a number of local organizations set up by the Com- munists just prior to the formation of the American Peace Mobilization "for the purpose of obstructing America's military preparedness."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 20, 1044, p. 155.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 27
COMITE COORDINADOR PRO REPUBLICA ESPANOLA
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
COMMITTEE FOR A DEMOCRATIC FAR EASTERN POLICY (See also National Conference on American Policy in China and the Far East)
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
2. Cited as a "Communist-controlled" organization.
(Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Institute of Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, pp. 70, 145 and 146.)
3. "As part of Soviet psychological warfare against the United States,
Communist fronts seek to paralyze America's will to resist Com- munist aggression by idealizing Kussia's aims and methods, discrediting the United States, spreading defeatism and demoral- ization * * * Specializing in this field * * * have been such organizations as * * * the Committee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 90, also p. 59.)
COMMITTEE FOR CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS
1. Defended the "interests of the Communist Party."
(Special Committee on Un-American Aciivities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 95.)
2. Among a "maze of organizations" which were "spawned for the
alleged purpose of defending civil liberties in general but actu- ally intended to protect Communist subversion from any pen- alties under the law."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115 on
the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally
released September 2, 1947, p. 3.)
COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS FOR COMMUNISTS
1. Among a "maze of organizations" which were "spawned for the alleged purpose of defending civil liberties in general but actu- ally intended to protect Communist subversion from any penal- ties under the law."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115 on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally released September 2, 1947, p. 3.)
COMMITTEE FOR CONCERTED PEACE EFFORTS
1. Cited as an organization with the same aims as the American Congress for Peace and Democracy, a Communist front advo- cating collective security prior to the signing of the Stalin-Hitler pact.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 105.)
2S SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
COMMITTEE FOR DEFENSE OF PUBLIC EDUCATION
1. Cited as a Communist Party agency "whose aim was to prevent the Rapp-Coudert committee of the New York State Legislature from exposing the Communists who had infiltrated the public- school system of that State."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, P- 154.)
COMMITTEE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENT COOPERATION (144 Bleecker Street, New York, N. Y.)
1. Cited as an organization which sent out literature "promoting the Prague Youth Congress" and which "gave full support to the Soviet peace movement and denounced the United States as an 'imperialist aggressor'."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 78.)
COMMITTEE FOR PEACE THROUGH WORLD COOPERATION
1. An organization with the same aims as the American League for Peace and Democracy, a Communist front which beat the drums for collective security against Fascist aggressors in accordance with current Communist Party line.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 105.)
COMMITTEE FOR PEACEFUL ALTERNATIVES TO THE ATLANTIC PACT
(See also Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact, Con- tinuations Committee of the Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact, Mid-Century Conference for Peace, Northern California Com- mittee for Peaceful Alternatives)
1. Cited as a Communist front organization wThich was formed as a
result of the Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact, and which wras located, according to a letterhead of Sep- tember 16, 1950, at 30 North Dearborn Street, Chicago 2, 111. (Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on
the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally
released April 1, 1951, pp. 54~56.)
2. "As part of Soviet psychological wTarfare against the United States,
Communist fronts seek to paralyze America's will to resist Com- munist aggression by idealizing Russia's aims and methods, dis- crediting the United States, spreading defeatism and demorali- zation * * * Specializing in this field * * * have been such organizations as * * * the Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact * * *"
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 90, also p. 96.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 29
COMMITTEE FOR UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN THE AMERICAN CONTINENTAL CONGRESS FOR PEACE
1. Cited as a section of the parent organization, the American Conti- nental Congress for Peace, which was "another phase in the Communist world 'peace' campaign, aimed at consolidating anti- American forces throughout the Western Hemisphere."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 21.)
COMMITTEE OF PHILADELPHIA WOMEN FOR PEACE
1. Cited as "another in the chain of Communist-inspired women's 'peace' groups." It was organized in February, 1950.
{Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 75.)
COMMITTEE OF PROFESSIONAL GROUPS FOR BROWDER AND FORD
1. Cited as a Communist front, which operated when William Z. Foster and Earl Browder were candidates for President and Vice President, respectively, on the Communist Party ticket.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 19, 1944, pp. 48 and 181.)
COMMITTEE ON ELECTION RIGHTS
1. Cited as a Communist front "whose function was to agitate for placing the Communist Party on the ballot throughout the United States."
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 47 and 48.)
COMMITTEE TO AID THE FIGHTING SOUTH
1. Cited as subversive and among the affiliates and committees of the Communist Party, U. S. A., "which seeks to alter the form of government of the United States by unconstitutional means." {Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947.)
COMMITTEE TO DEFEND AMERICA BY KEEPING OUT OF WAR
1. "After Stalin signed his pact with Hitler, the Communist-led Com- mittee To Defend America by Keeping Out of War * * * came forth to oppose the national-defense program, lend-lease, conscription, and other 'war-mongering' efforts." It initiated the American Peace Mobilization.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, PP- 99 and 105.)
COMMITTEE TO DEFEND ANGELO HERNDON
1. Cited as a Communist front.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H. R. 2, January 3, 1939, p. 82.)
30 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
COMMONWEALTH COLLEGE (Mena, Ark.)
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
2. A "Communist enterprise" cited as subversive by an investigating
Committee of the Arkansas Legislature. It received money from the Garland Fund.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, PP- 76 and 167.) COMMUNIST INFORMATION BUREAU (COMINFORM) (See Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers' Parties)
COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL (COMINTERN)
1. "The Third or Communist International was organized by Lenin at
Moscow in March 1919 to carry out the revolutionary purposes of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union. * * * [It] has ever since been the medium of instigating class warfare and social revolution in all countries, in order to establish a world Soviet Union, with the capital at Moscow. * * * The Communist International is dominated by the Russian Communist Party and Soviet officials."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report,
' H. R. 2, January 8, 1989, p. 15.)
2. Cited as the centralized, world-wide organization of the Commu-
nists, controlled by Moscow. "On May 30, 1943, the Communist International (Comintern) was formally dissolved, to be suc- ceeded by the Information Bureau of the Communist Parties (Cominform) established in September 1947 with headquarters in Belgrade. There is every reason to believe that the Commu- nist Party, U. S. A., is as completely subordinated to the disci- pline of this Moscow-dominated world party, as it ever was." (Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 209 on the Communist Party oj the United States as an agent of a Foreign Power, April 1, 1947, pp. 27 and 28; and House Report 1920 on the Communist Party oj the United States as an Advocate of Overthrow of Government by Force and Violence, May 11, 1948, p. 43.)
COMMUNIST LABOR PARTY OF AMERICA (September 1919 to May 1920)
1. Cited as one of the "varied forms the American Communist move- ment has taken since its inception in September 1919." Organ- ized at a convention in Chicago in 1919, the Communist Labor Party functioned until May 1920, when it merged with a group splintered from the Communist Party of America and formed a new organization known as the United Communist Party.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 209 on "The Communist Party of the United States as an Agent of a Foreign Power," April 1, 1947, pp. 14 o/nd 17, and House Report 1694 on "Organized Communism in the United States," May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, pp. 42 and 47; also cited in House Report 2244 on "The Communist Conspiracy," Part I, Section E, May 29, 1956, p. 3.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 31
COMMUNIST LEAGUE OF AMERICA (OPPOSITION)
1. Cited as a "group of Trotskyites" which was formed at a national conference in Chicago in 1929 by leaders who had been expelled from the Communist Party, U. S. A. "In December 1934, the Communist League of America merged with the American Workers' Party."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1694 on Organized Communism in the United States, May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, .1953, p. 141 •) COMMUNIST LEAGUE OF STRUGGLE
1. Cited as a "dissenting group" within the Communist movement in the United States. It was formed by Albert Weisbord, who was an admirer of Trotsky and who was expelled from the Communist Party. "In December 1934 this league adopted a 'thesis' * * * [which] contained still another version of the many factional rights within the American Communist movement."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1694 on Organized Communism in the United States, May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, p. 142.) COMMUNIST PARTY OF AMERICA (September 1919 to April 1923) 1. Cited as one of the "varied forms the American Communist movement has taken since its inception in September 1919." The Communist Party of America was organized at a convention in Chicago September 1-7, 1919 and on April 7, 1923 it voted to dissolve and merge into the Workers Party of America.
{Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 209 on "The Communist Party of the United States as an Agent of a Foreign Power," 1 April 1, 194-7, pp. 14-17; also cited in House Report 1694 on "Organized Communism in the United States," May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, pp. 29, 69, and 79; and House Report 2244 on "The Communist Conspiracy," Part I, Section E, May 29, 1956, p. 3.) COMMUNIST PARTY OF PANAMA (See Partido Del Pueblo of Panama) COMMUNIST PARTY, U. S. A. (March 1929 to May 1944; July 1945 to present)
1. Cited as a "subversive" organization which seeks "to alter the
form of government of the United States by unconstitutional means."
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947; and September 21, 1948.)
2. "* * * the Communist Party of the United States of America,
from the time of its inception in 1919 to the present time, is an organization that believes in, advises, advocates, and teaches the overthrow by force and violence of the Government of the United States." *
{Attorney General Francis Biddle, opinion in the case of Harry Bridges, May 28, 1942, p. 31.)
3. "* * * a foreign conspiracy masked as a political party * * * in
practice, the Communist Party is actually functioning as a 'border patrol' on American shores for a foreign power — The Soviet Union."
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Re- port, H. R. 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 4.)
1 Dissolution of the Communist Party of America is incorrectly described in this report.
32 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
4. "An organization operating under centralized discipline subordi-
nated to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union * * * whose basic aim, whether open or concealed, is the abolition of our present economic system and democratic form of government and the establishment of a Soviet dictatorship in its place. * * * An organization resorting to deception, evasion, illegal methods, violence, and civil war, methods implicit in its revolu- tionary purpose."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 209 on 11 The Communist Party of the United States as an Agent of a Foreign Power," April 1, 1947, p. 1; also cited in House Report 1920 on the "Communist Party of the United Stales as an Advocate of Overthrow of Government by Force and Violence," May 11, 1948, pp. 1 and 2.)
5. Found to be a "Communist-action organization" within the mean-
ing of the Subversive Activities Control Act and ordered to register as such with the Attorney General of the United States.
(Subversive Activities Control Board, Decision of April 20,
' 1953.)
COMMUNIST PARTY U. S. A. (MAJORITY GROUP)
1. Cited as a "dissenting group" within the Communist movement in the United States. It was organized by Jay Lovestone, following his expulsion from the Communist Party of the United States in 1929, and it subsequently operated under such names as the Communist Party, U. S. A. (Opposition), Independent Com- munist Labor League of America, and Independent Labor League of America.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1694 on Organized Communism in the United States, May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, p. 143.)
COMMUNIST PARTY U. S. A. (OPPOSITION)
1. Cited as one of the names subsequently assumed by a "dissenting group" within the Communist movement in the United States which had been organized by Jay Lovestone following his expul- sion from the Communist Party of the United States in 1929. (Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1694 on Organized Communism in the United States, May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, p. 143.)
COMMUNIST POLITICAL ASSOCIATION (May 1944 to July 1945)
1. Cited as a "subversive," "Communist" organization which sought
"to alter the form of government of the United States by uncon- stitutional means."
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 21, 1948.)
2. "* * * after assuming the name of the Communist Political As-
sociation on May 20-23, 1944, for strategic reasons, the party resumed the name of the Communist Party of the United States on July 26-28, 1945."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 209 on "The Communist Party of the United States as an Agent of a Foreign Power," April 1, 1947, p. 29; also cited in House Report 1694 on "Organized Communism in the United
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 33
States," May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, pp. 114 and 120, and House Report 2244 on "The Com- munist Conspiracy," Part I, Section E, May 29, 1956, p. 3.)
COMMUNITY UNITARIAN FELLOWSHIP
1. "* * * when the Communists were expelled from the San Diego First Unitarian Church by the pastor, Peter Samson, they set up a competitive organization, the Community Unitarian Fel- lowship. This was designed to operate as a 'nonreligious' front organization * * *. The Communist group was refused recog- nition both by the San Diego Unitarian Church and by the American Unitarian Association, the parent body of Unitarian churches in America."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for
1955, H. R. 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released
January 11, 1956, p. 26.)
CONFERENCE FOR PEACEFUL ALTERNATIVES TO THE ATLANTIC PACT
(See also Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact, Con- tinuations Committee of the Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact) 1. A conference initiated by Communists in the United States as part of the "Moscow-directed" "peace" movement. Called for July 1949 in Washington, D. C, it resulted in the eventual forma- tion of Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, pp. 55 and 56.)
CONFERENCE FOR PROGRESSIVE LABOR ACTION
1. Cited as a "dissenting group" in the Communist movement in the United States which, at a meeting in Pittsburgh in December 1933, made arrangements for the formation of the American Workers Party.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1694 on Organized Communism in the United States, May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, p. 142.)
CONFERENCE ON CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTIES IN AMERICA
1. A conference as a result of which was established the National
Federation for Constitutional Liberties, "part of what Lenin called the solar system of organizations, ostensibly having no connection with the Communist Party, by which Communists attempt to create sympathizers and supporters of their program." (Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7687.)
2. "An important part of the solar system of the Communist Party's
front organizations," which founded the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties in 1940.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report
1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, p. 102.)
34 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
CONFERENCE ON PAN-AMERICAN DEMOCRACY (See also Council for
Pan-American Democracy) 1. Cited as a Communist front which defended Luiz Carlos Prestes, a Brazilian Communist leader and former member of the executive committee of the Communist International.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, PP- 1^9 and 161; also cited in Annual Report, H. R. 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 18.)
CONGRESS (FIRST) OF THE MEXICAN AND SPANISH-AMERICAN PEOPLES OF THE UNITED STATES
1. Cited as a Communist front, held March 24-26, 1939, in Albu- querque, N. Mex.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 120, also 102.)
CONGRESS OF AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WRITERS >
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
CONGRESS OF AMERICAN-SOVIET FRIENDSHIP 2
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 94 and 143.)
CONGRESS OF AMERICAN WOMEN
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. Cited as subversive and Communist and supported at all times by
the international Communist movement.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1953 on the Congress of American Women, April 26, 1950, originally released October 23, 1949.)
3. "As part of Soviet psychological warfare against the United States,
Communist fronts seek to paralyze America's will to resist Com- munist aggression by idealizing Russia's aims and methods, discrediting the United States, spreading defeatism and demorali- zation * * * Specializing in this field * * * have been such organizations as * * * the Congress of American Women."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 90; see also pp. 59 and 91.)
CONNECTICUT STATE YOUTH CONFERENCE
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
1 Congress of American Revolutionary Writers, held April 26-28, 1935, New York City, was also known as the First American Writers Congress. See also citation under American Writers Congress.
1 This Congress sponsored by the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship, held November 7-8, 1942, New York City. See also entry under National Council of American-Soviet Friendship.
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 35
CONSUMERS' NATIONAL FEDERATION
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 155.)
CONTINUATIONS COMMITTEE OF THE CONFERENCE FOR PEACEFUL ALTERNATIVES TO THE ATLANTIC PACT (See also Conference for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact, Committee for Peaceful Alterna- tives to the Atlantic Pact) 1. Cited as the title under which a "new front movement conducted its activities" until it "formally designated itself as the Com- mittee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 878 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 56.)
COORDINATING COMMITTEE TO LIFT THE (SPANISH) EMBARGO
1. Cited as one of a number of front organizations, set up during the
Spanish Civil War by the Communist Party in the United States
and through which the party carried on a great deal of agitation.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report
1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944,
pp. 137 and 138.)
2. Cited as one in a "series of Communist enterprises which have dealt
with Spain and the Spanish Civil War. Directly related, organ- izationally or historically, with the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee * * *".
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, II. R.
' 2283, June 7, 1946, p. 27.)
COUNCIL FOR PAN-AMERICAN DEMOCRACY (See also Conference on
Pan-American Democracy) 1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
COUNCIL OF UNITED STATES VETERANS
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P. 88.) COUNCIL OF YOUNG SOUTHERNERS
1. "Described on its letterhead as having 'its origin at the Youth Com- mission of the Southern Conference for Hainan Welfare.'
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 592 on the Southern Conference for Human Welfare, June 16, 1947, p. 5.)
COUNCIL ON AFRICAN AFFAIRS
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. Cited as a Communist front "formed to provoke racial friction."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 92, also p. 59.)
36 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
CROATIAN BENEVOLENT FRATERNITY
1. Cited as Communist and among the "national group societies of International Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE FOR WORLD PEACE J
1. Cited as a Communist front set up to "mobilize American intellec- tuals in the field of arts, sciences and letters" as a propaganda forum for Soviet foreign policy and "Soviet culture." It served to "prepare the way for the coming World Peace Congress in Paris."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Review of the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace arranged by the National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions and held in New York City on March 25, 26, and 27, 1949, House Report 1954, April 26, 1950, originally released April 19, 1949, p. 1 ; also House Report 878 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 11.)
DAILY WORKER PRESS CLUB
1. Cited as a subversive and Communist organization which seeks "to alter the form of government of the United States by uncon- stitutional means."
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released July 25, 1949.)
DEFENSE COMMITTEE FOR EUGENE DENNIS (See Dennis Defense Committee)
DEFENSE COMMITTEE FOR GERHARDT EISLER (See Eisler (Gerhardt) Defense Committee)
DENNIS DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. Cited as subversive and among the affiliates and committees of
the Communist Party, U. S. A., which seek "to alter the form
of government of the United States by unconstitutional means."
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Revieiu Board,
released December 4, 1947.)
DESCENDANTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
1. "A Communist-front organization set up as a radical imitation
of the Daughters of the American Revolution. The Descend- ants have uniformly adhered to the line of the Communist Party. * * * The educational . director * * * is one Howard Selsam, an instructor at the Communist Party's Workers School in New York."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, H R. 2277, June 25, 1942, pp. 18 and 19.)
2. Cited as subversive and un-American.
(Sp>ecial Subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropria- tions, Report, April 21, 1943, p. 8.)
1 Also referred to as the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace.
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 37
DETROIT BILL OF RIGHTS DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. Among a "maze of organizations" which were "spawned for the alleged purpose of defending civil liberties in general but actually intended to protect Communist subversion from any penalties under the law."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115 on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally released September 2, 1947, p. 3.)
DETROIT COMMITTEE TO SECURE JUSTICE IN THE ROSENBERG CASE
1. Cited as a "local auxiliary" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. Headed by Airs. Leo (Pat) Rush, "The Detroit Rosenberg organization and the Communist Party in that city were virtually identical. The activities in behalf of the spies were conducted directly by the Party through its own leaders and members, functioning within a nominal Detroit Rosenberg Committee and the Communist-controlled Civil Rights Congress."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, pp. 74 and 75.) DETROIT YOUTH ASSEMBLY 1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
DOWN RIVER CITIZENS COMMITTEE (Detroit, Mich.)
1. "Joseph Chrin, who was shown by sworn testimony to have been a member of the Communist Party, was the leader of the Down River Citizens Committee. The Down River Citizens Com- mittee operated in the communities heavily populated by Ford workers. It advertised as a political organization interested in the betterment of the Down River community. In fact and in practice, as set forth by sworn testimony, the Down River Citi- zens Committee was solely a vehicle of the Communist Party. Its program, while supporting many worthy issues and candidates for public office, was nevertheless geared to fulfill the objectives of the Communist Party."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1954, H. R. 57, Jan. 26, 1955, p. 16.)
EAST BAY PEACE COMMITTEE (Oakland, Calif.)
1. Cited as a "local Communist front" which gave support to the American Peace Crusade in 1951.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 878 on the Communist uPeace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 52.) EAST HARLEM WOMEN FOR PEACE
1. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.)
95822°— 57 4
38 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
EAST MEADOW AND WESTBURY ROSENBERG COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the "field units" in the New York area for the
National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by
Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for
the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 63.)
EISLER (GERHARDT) DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. "An offshoot of the Civil Rights Congress."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report No. 1115 on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally released September 2, 1947, p. 13.)
EMERGENCY CIVIL LIBERTIES COMMITTEE
1. "To defend the cases of Communist lawbreakers, fronts have been devised making special appeals in behalf of civil liberties and reaching out far beyond the confines of the Communist Party itself. Among these organizations are the * * * Emergency Civil Liberties Committee. When the Communist Party itself is under fire these fronts offer a bulwark of protection."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.)
EMERGENCY COMMITTEE OF THE ARTS AND PROFESSIONS TO SECURE CLEMENCY FOR THE ROSENBERGS
1. Cited as an "auxiliary unit" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. Its "only public appearance * * * was the insertion of full-page advertisements in the Wash- ington Star, the St. Louis Post Dispatch and the Los Angeles News on January 5, 1953. These listed Dr. Clemens J. France as chairman and Bernard Gersten as secretary-treasurer, and requested contributions to be sent to its offices, 108 West 44th Street, New York."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, y. 23.)
EMERGENCY CONFERENCE TO AID THE SPANISH REPUBLIC
1. Cited as a Communist organization.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P. 87.) EMERGENCY CONFERENCE TO SAVE SPANISH REFUGEES 1. Cited as Communist, and as "the founding body of the North American Spanish Aid Committee."
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released July 25, 1949.)
EMERGENCY PEACE MOBILIZATION
1. "The American Peace Mobilization * * * was formally founded at a meeting in Chicago at the end of August 1940, known as the Emergency Peace Mobilization."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, ' September 24, 1942, p. 7684.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 39
2. Cited as a Communist front which came forth, after Stalin signed his pact with Hitler, to oppose the national defense program, lend-lease, conscription, and other American "war-mongering" efforts. It immediately preceded the American Peace Mobiliza- tion in 1940.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 105, 156, and 169.) EMERGENCY TRADE UNION CONFERENCE TO AID SPANISH
DEMOCRACY 1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, V- ISO.) ETHIOPIAN DEFENSE COMMITTEE 1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1954, H. R. 57, February 16, 1955, p. 5.)
EUGENE DENNIS DEFENSE COMMITTEE (See Dennis Defense Committee) EXILED WRITERS COMMITTEE OF THE LEAGUE OF AMERICAN WRITERS
1. Cited as one in a "series of Communist enterprises, which have dealt with Spain and the Spanish Civil War." The Exiled Writers Committee of the League of American Writers merged with the American Committee to Save Refugees and the United American Spanish Aid Committee to form the Joint Anti- Fascist Refugee Committee.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, ' H. R. 2288, June 7, 1946, p. 27.)
FARM RESEARCH
1. Cited as a Communist-front organization financed from the Robert
Marshall Foundation, "one of the principal sources for the money with which to finance the Communist Party's fronts generally in recent years."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report
1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, PP- 50 and 147.)
2. Cited as a Communist front which is "used to appeal to special
occupational groups * * *"
(Internal Security Subcommittee oj the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.)
FEDERATED PRESS
1. Cited as a Communist-controlled organization financed by the American Fund for Public Service and the Robert Marshall Foundation, both principal sources of funds for Communist enterprises.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, PP- 76, 143, and 147.)
40 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
2. Cited as a "Communist-controlled" news syndicate.
(Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Institute oj Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, pp. 95 and
3. "Certain Communist fronts are organized for the purpose of pro-
mulgating Communist ideas and misinformation into the blood- stream of public opinion. Examples of such organizations are the * * * Federated Press. * * *"
(Internal Security Subcommittee oj the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. Ill , April 23, 1956, p. 91.)
FEDERATION OF GREEK MARITIME UNIONS (See American Branch of) FILM AUDIENCES FOR DEMOCRACY
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, P- 150.) FILMS FOR DEMOCRACY 1. Cited as a Communist-front organization.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, VV- 49 and 150.) FINNISH-AMERICAN MUTUAL AID SOCIETY
1. Cited as Communist and among the "national group societies of International Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
FIRST CONGRESS OF THE MEXICAN AND SPANISH-AMERICAN PEOPLES OF THE UNITED STATES (See Congress (First) of the Mexican and Spanish-American Peoples of the United States)
FIRST WORLD CONGRESS OF THE DEFENDERS OF PEACE (See World Peace Congress)
FIRST WORLD CONGRESS OF THE PARTISANS OF PEACE (See World
Peace Congress) FIRST WORLD PEACE CONGRESS (See World Peace Congress) FIRST WORLD STUDENT CONGRESS (See World Student Congress) FLORIDA PRESS AND EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE
1. Cited as subversive and as a branch of the Communist Political Association which seeks "to alter the form of government of the United States by unconstitutional means."
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released July 25, 1949.)
FRIENDS OF CHINESE DEMOCRACY
1. Cited as a "Communist-controlled" organization.
(Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Institute of Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, p. 146.)
FRIENDS OF THE ABRAHAM LINCOLN BRIGADE
1. "In 1937-38, the Comemnist Party threw itself wholeheartedly into the campaign for the support of the Spanish Loyalist cause, recruiting men and organizing multifarious so-called relief or-
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 41
ganizations." Among these was the above Communist-front
organization.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Beport 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 82 and 125; also cited in Annual Report, H. B. 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 9.)
FRIENDS OF THE CAMPUS
1. A "Communist-controlled" organization "initiated in 1945 in order to mobilize 'moral and financial support' behind the AYD [American Youth for Democracy]." It "is headed by a group of individuals closely identified with Communist causes." Hon- orary president is avowed Communist Donald Henderson.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Beport 271 on American Youth for Democracy, April 17, 1947, pp. 9 and 12.)
FRIENDS OF THE SOVIET UNION (See also American Technical Aid Society)
1. Cited as a Communist organization succeeded by the American
Council on Soviet Relations and the National Council of Amer- ican-Soviet Friendship.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Beview Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "One of the most open Communist fronts in the United States,"
whose purpose "is to propagandize for and defend Russia and its system of government." It "is a section of an international movement directed from Moscow." The Friends admit "they penetrate our industrial sections."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Be- port, H. B. 2, January 3, 1939, p. 78; also cited in Annual Beports, H. B. 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 9, and H. B. 2277, June 25, 194-2, p. 19; and House Beport 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, VV- 49 and 94.) FRONTIER FILMS 1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Beport 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 49, 83, and 147.) GALENA DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a Communist-front organization which was a subsidiary of the International Labor Defense, legal arm of the Communist Party.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Beport 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P- 166.) GARIBALDI AMERICAN FRATERNAL SOCIETY
1. Cited as Communist and among the "national group societies of In- ternational Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Beview Board, released September 11, 1950.)
GARLAND FUND (See American Fund for Public Service)
42 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER SCHOOL
1. Cited as an adjunct in New York City of the Communist Party. (Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, December 4, 1947.)
GREAT NECK ROSENBERG COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the "field units" in the New York area for the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. (Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 68.) GREATER NEW YORK COMMITTEE FOR EMPLOYMENT 1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P. 152.)
GREATER NEW YORK EMERGENCY CONFERENCE ON INALIENABLE RIGHTS (See also New York Conference for Inalienable Rights)
1. Cited as a Communist front which was succeeded by the National
Federation for Constitutional Liberties.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 96 and 129.)
2. Among a "maze of organizations" which were "spawned for the
alleged purpose of defending civil liberties in general but ac- tually intended to protect Communist subversion from any penalties under the law."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115 on
the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1941, originally
released September 2, 1947, p. 3.)
GREEK-AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR NATIONAL UNITY
1. Cited as an earlier name for the subversive and Communist Amer- ican Council for a Democratic Greece.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948.)
GREEK-AMERICAN COUNCIL
1. Cited as an earlier name for the subversive and Communist Amer- ican Council for a Democratic Greece.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948.)
HARRY BRIDGES DEFENSE COMMITTEE (See also Bridges-Robertson- Schmidt Defense Committee, Citizens' Committee for Harry Bridges, Citizens' Victory Committee for Harry Bridges, Harry Bridges Victory Committee)
1. Cited as one of the Communist fronts formed to oppose deporta- tion of Harry Bridges, Communist Party member and leader of the disastrous San Francisco general strike of 1934 which was planned by the Communist Party.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 90.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATION? 43
HARRY BRIDGES VICTORY COMMITTEE (See also Bridges-Robertson- Schmidt Defense Committee, Citizens' Committee for Harry Bridges, Citizens' Victory Committee for Harry Bridges, Harry Bridges Defense Committee) 1. Cited as a Communist-front organization operating in San Fran- cisco after the Communist Party became prowar. Harry Bridges, a Communist Party member and leader of the Com- munist-planned general strike in San Francisco in 1934, was threatened with deportation, the defense against which was al- most entirely in the hands of the Communists.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 90 and 94.)
HAWAII CIVIL LIBERTIES COMMITTEE »
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, ' released April 27, 1949.)
2. Cited as a Communist front which "from its inception has been
directed by Communists for the principal purpose of protecting and expanding the Communist fifth column in the islands com- prising the Territory of Hawaii."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 2986 on Hawaii Civil Liberties Committee, August 24, 1950, origi- nally released June 23, 1950.)
HELLENIC-AMERICAN BROTHERHOOD
1. Cited as Communist and among the "national group societies of International Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
HEMPSTEAD ROSENBERG COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the "field units" in the New York area for the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. (Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 63.)
HOLLYWOOD WRITERS MOBILIZATION FOR DEFENSE
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
HUNGARIAN-AMERICAN COUNCIL FOR DEMOCRACY
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947 , and September 21, 1948.)
HUNGARIAN BROTHERHOOD
1. Cited as Communist and among the "national group societies of International Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
1 According to a press release of the Hawaii Civil Liberties Committee, November 2, 1950. their member- ship voted unanimously to affiliate with the Civil Rights Congress and will henceforth be known as tho Hawaii Civil Rights Congress.
44 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
ILLINOIS PEOPLE'S CONFERENCE FOR LEGISLATIVE ACTION
1. "A few years ago the Communist Party operated throughout the country under the guise of a series of States conferences for legis- lative action. The Illinois People's Conference for Legislative Action took care of the Chicago area. It was entirely under the control of the Communist Party."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, V- 122.) INDEPENDENT CITIZENS COMMITTEE OF THE ARTS, SCIENCES, AND
PROFESSIONS 1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Congressional Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1954 on the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace arranged by the National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions and held in New York City on March 25, 26, and 27, 1949, April 26, 1950, originally released April 19, 1949, p. 2; and House Report 378, on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, pp. 11 and 12.)
INDEPENDENT COMMUNIST LABOR LEAGUE OF AMERICA
1. Cited as one of the names subsequently assumed by a "dissenting group" within the Communist movement in the United States which had been organized by Jay Lovestone following his expul- sion from the Communist Party of the United States in 1929. (Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1694 on Organized Communism in the United States, May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, p. 143.)
INDEPENDENT LABOR LEAGUE OF AMERICA
1. Cited as one of the names subsequently assumed by a "dissenting group" within the Communist movement in the United States which had been organized by Jay Lovestone following his expul- sion from the Communist Party of the United States in 1929. The league issued a declaration of dissolution in January 1941. (Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1694 on Organized Communism in the United States, May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, p. 143.) INDEPENDENT SOCIALIST LEAGUE (See also Workers Party, 1940-1948) 1. Cited as a subversive and Communist organization which seeks "to alter the form of government of the United States by uncon- stitutional means." "In its official organ, Labor Action of April 1949, the Workers Party announced that at the fifth national convention it had voted to relinquish the name of the Workers Party and adopt the name of the Independent Socialist League. The new organization * * * represents but a change in name and is devoted to the same aims and purposes of its predecessor
$ * * if
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 29, 1949.) INDUSCO, INC. (See American Committee in Aid of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 45
INFORMATION BUREAU OF THE COMMUNIST AND WORKERS' PARTIES
1. "Open above-ground activity by the Communist International was resumed in September 1947 as a result of a meeting of European Communist leaders in Poland. It comes as no surprise that this new version of the Comintern, which is called the Communist Information Bureau or Cominform, has openly enrolled the Com- munist Parties of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Rumania, Poland, and Hungary where the old Comintern officials are in command. Also avowed members of the Cominform are the Communist Par- ties of the Soviet satellite, Yugoslavia, and of France and Italy. Master of the international alliance, however, is the Soviet Union. * * *"
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1920 on the Communist Party of the United States as an Advocate of Overthrow of Government by Force and Violence, May 11, 1948, p. 83.)
INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS »
1. "The IPR was a vehicle used by the Communists to orientate American far eastern policies toward Communist objectives." "Members of the small core of officials and staff members who controlled IPR were either Communist or pro-Communist." The American Communist Party and Soviet officials considered the organization "an instrument of Communist policy, propa- ganda and military intelligence."
{Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Insti- tute of Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, pp. 223 and 225.)
INTERCONTINENT NEWS SERVICE
1. "* * * Grace Granich, upon the direction of the Communist Party, in March 1941, established the Intercontinent News Service in New York City. Under the operation of Grace Gran- ich, Intercontinent News Service was a device used by the Communist Party and the Daily Worker to obtain party infor- mation and official directives from the Communist International in Moscow."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1952, House Report 2516, January 3, 1953, originally released December 28, 1952, pp. 67 and 68.)
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DEMOCRATIC LAWYERS
1. Cited as an international Communist-front organization.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 3123 on the National Lawyers Guild, September 21, 1950, originally released September 17, 1950, p. 13.)
2. Cited as being among "international Communist fronts * * *
functioning at the present time."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 93, also p. 59.)
1 Senate Report 20.*0 states that the title, Institute of Pacific Relations, "unless otherwise qualified, refers to the activities of * * * the American Council of the IPR and the international secretariat." (p. 94 fn.)
46 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF INTELLECTUALS FOR PEACE (See International Committee of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace)
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF INTELLECTUALS IN DEFENSE OF PEACE
1. Cited as one of the forms assumed by the "Communist 'peace' movement." It was created at a World Congress of Intellectuals held at Wroclaw, Poland August 25-28, 1948. It was also known as the International Liaison Committee of Intellectuals for Peace, and International Committee of Intellectuals for Peace.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 878 on the Communist "Peace Offensive," April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, pp. 1 and 10.) INTERNATIONAL DEMOCRATIC WOMEN'S FEDERATION (See Women's
International Democratic Federation) INTERNATIONAL JURIDICAL ASSOCIATION
1. Cited as "a Communist front and an offshoot of the International
Labor Defense."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
19U, P- 149.)
2. Cited as an organization which "actively defended Communists
and consistently followed the Communist Party line."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 3123 on the National Lawyers Guild, September 21, 1950, origi- nally released September 17, 1950, p. 12.) INTERNATIONAL LABOR DEFENSE (See also Galena Defense Committee, Trade Union Advisory Committee)
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "Legal arm of the Communist Party."
(Attorney General Francis Riddle, Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7686.)
3. "It is, essentially, the legal defense arm of the Communist Party of
the United States." "It is the American section of M. O. P. R., or Red International of Labor Defense, often referred to as the Red International Aid." Its international congresses meet in Moscow.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, House Report 2, January 8, 1939, pp. 75-78; also cited in Annual Reports, House Report 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 9 and House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 19; and House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 69.)
4. "The International Labor Defense * * * was part of an inter-
national network of organizations for the defense of Communist lawbreakers." At a conference held in Detroit, Mich., April
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 47
27-28, 1946, the International Labor Defense and the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties merged to form the new front, Civil Eights Congress.
{Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115 on
the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally
released September 2, 1947, pp. 1 and 2.)
INTERNATIONAL LIAISON COMMITTEE OF INTELLECTUALS FOR PEACE (See International Committee of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace)
INTERNATIONAL MUSIC BUREAU
1. Cited as an organization with headquarters in Moscow, whose aims were published in the magazine Soviet Music, for March-April 1933: "* * * We should not verge one single iota from a pro- gram of progressive class struggle. We can be successful in our efforts only if we know how to transplant our political slogans to the sphere of music. * * * We should prove that the only right road for artistic creations, which include also that of musi- cians, is the service to the objectives of proletarian revolution." Hanns Eisler, one of the founders of the International Music Bureau, has frankly avowed that "Communist music becomes heavy artillery of the battle for communism."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, ' December SI, 1948, p. 7.)
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF DEMOCRATIC JOURNALISTS
1. Cited as an international Communist-front organization.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist iiPeace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 19.)
2. Cited as being among "international Communist fronts * * *
functioning at the present time."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 93, also p. 59.
INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHERS
1. "The [Communist] Party's publishing house," headed by Alexander
Trachtenberg.
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, ' September 24, 1942, p. 7686.)
2. An "official publishing house of the Communist Party in the United
States," and a medium through which "extensive Soviet propa- ganda is subsidized in the United States."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Reports, House Report 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 8, and House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 18; also cited in House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 76.)
3. "Official American Communist Party publishing house."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1920 on the Communist Party of the United States as an advocate of overthrow of Government by force and violence, May 11, 1948, p. 80.)
INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT, INSTITUTE OF PACIFIC RELATIONS
(See Institute of Pacific Relations)
48 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL UNION OF STUDENTS (See also World Student Congress)
1. "The World Federation of Democratic Youth brought into being
the International Union of Students, which held a meeting in Prague on August 17-31, 1946. The administration and direc- tion of this project was entrusted to a 17-man executive com- mittee, of whom 12 were known Communists." Also cited as one of the "long-established Soviet-controlled international organizations" which speak identical lines of propaganda and stand together on all phases of Soviet foreign policy and which has "affiliated organizations in the United States, which conse- quently have also been turned into instruments in the 'peace' campaign."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 271 on American Youth for Democracy, April 17, 1947, p. 13; and House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 77.)
2. Cited as being among "international Communist fronts * * *
functioning at the present time."
{Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23. 1956, p. 93, also p. 59.)
INTERNATIONAL WORKERS ORDER1
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "One of the strongest Communist organizations."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7688.)
3. "One of the most effective and closely knitted organizations among
the Communist-'front' movements. It claims a membership of 150,000, bound together through an insurance and social plan. * * * It has contributed large sums of money to Communist Party campaigns, and * * * regularly sponsors Communist Party endorsed candidates for public office." In 1944, its president and general secretary respectively were William Weiner, former Communist Party treasurer, and Max Bedacht, former party secretary.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Re- port, House Report 2, January 3, 1939, p. 79 and House Re- port 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V' 181; also cited in Annual Reports, House Report 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 9, and House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 19.)
1 For citations of national group societies of the IWO see: American-Russian Fraternal Society. Carpatho-Russian Peoples Society. Cervantes Fraternal Society. Croatian Benevolent Fraternity. Finnish-American Mutual Aid Society. Garibaldi American Fraternal Society. Hellenic-American Brotherhood. Hungarian Brotherhood. Jewish People's Fraternal Order. People's Radio Foundation, Inc. Polonia Society.
Romanian-American Fraternal Society. Servian-American Fraternal Society. Slovak Workers Society. Ukrainian-American Fraternal Union.
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 49
4. Cited as "one of the strongest Communist organizations."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1951 on the American Slav Congress, April 26, 1950, originally released June 26, 1949, pp. 82-84.)
5. Cited as subversive and un-American.
(Special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropria- tions, Report, April 21, 1948, p. 3.)
6. "Where the Communist message cannot be carried most effectively
by the Communist Party among particular groups in the popu- lation, special fronts are formed for the purpose, such as * * * International Workers Order."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.) INTOURIST, INC.
1. Cited as "a Soviet organization which supervised the travel of foreigners traveling in the Soviet Union."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1229 on The Shameful Years, January 8, 1952, originally released December SO, 1951, p. 19.) IRVING PEACE THEATER
1. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee oj the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.) ITALIAN ANTI-FASCIST COMMITTEE 1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 83.) JAPANESE-AMERICAN COMMITTEE FOR DEMOCRACY 1. Cited as a "Communist-controlled" organization.
(Senate Judiciary Committee, Senate Report 2050 on the Institute of Pacific Relations, July 2, 1952, p. 146.)
JEFFERSON SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (New York, N. Y.)
1. Cited as an "adjunct of the Communist Party."
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947.)
2. "At the beginning of the present year, the old Communist Party
Workers School and the School for Democracy were merged into the Jefferson School of Social Science."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report
1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, P- 150.)
3. "Schools under patriotic and benevolent titles indoctrinate Com-
munists and outsiders in the theory and practice of communism, train organizers and operatives, recruit new party members and sympathizers. * * * Schools of this type have been * * * Jefferson School of Social Science, New York. * * *" (Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, pp. 91 and 92.)
50 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
4. Found to be a "Communist-front organization" and ordered to register as such with the Attorney General of the United States. (Subversive Activities Control Board, Decision oj June 30, 1955.)
JEWISH PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "An organization which has been nothing more nor less than an
adjunct of the Communist Party."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 153.) JEWISH PEOPLES FRATERNAL ORDER
1. Cited as Communist and among the "National group societies of International Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Re- view Board, released September 11, 1950.)
JOHN REED CLUBS OF THE UNITED STATES
1. Cited as organizations "whose affiliation with the Communist Party is clear beyond dispute."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, House Report 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 10.)
JOINT ANTI-FASCIST REFUGEE COMMITTEE (See also Spanish Refugee Appeal)
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. A "Communist-front organization headed by Edward K. Barsky."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, V- 174.)
3. Cited as one in a "series of Communist enterprises which have
dealt with Spain and the Spanish Civil War. * * * The adver- tised objectives of this group and its associated Spanish organi- zations are acting in concert with the foreign policy of the Soviet Union * * *." It was "formed in March 1942 through the merger of the American Committee to Save Refugees, the Exiled Writers Committee of the League of American Writers, and the United American Spanish Aid Committee."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, ' House Report 2233, June 7, 1946, pp. 27 and 48.)
4. "To defend the cases of Communist lawbreakers, fronts have been
devised making special appeals in behalf of civil liberties and reaching out far beyond the confines of the Communist Party itself. Among these organizations are the * * * Joint Anti- Fascist Refugee Committee. When the Communist Party itself is under fire these offer a bulwark of protection."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91; see also p. 59.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 51
JOINT COMMITTEE FOR TRADE UNION RIGHTS
1. Cited as a Communist front which, jointly with the International Labor Defense, supported and defended Communist Party lead- ers of the International Fur and Leather Workers Union when they were serving prison terms.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Re-port 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, VV- 1%5 and 166.) JOSEPH WEYDEMEYER SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE (St. Louis, Mo.) 1. Cited as Communist.
{Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
KING-RAMSEY-CONNOR DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a Communist front.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P. 94.)
LABOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATION
1. Cited as a subversive "affiliate" of the Communist Party and as an
organization which seeks "to alter the form of government of the United States by unconstitutional means."
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947.)
2. "A direct auxiliary of the Communist Party."
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, P. 47.)
3. "Certain Communist fronts are organized for the purpose of pro-
mulgating Communist ideas and misinformation into the blood- stream of public opinion. Examples of such organizations are the * * * Labor Research Association."
{Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.)
LABOR YOUTH LEAGUE
1. Cited as a "Communist organization" which "has taken the place
of the two prior organizations as the organization for young Communists" — the Young Communist League and American Youth for Democracy.
{Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released August 30, 1950.)
2. "Evidence in the possession of the committee shows that the Labor
Youth League has functioned as the youth section of the Com- munist Party in recent years."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1955, House Report 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, pp. 2 and 12; also cited in House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 80.)
3. "Where the Communist message cannot be carried most effectively
by the Communist Party among particular groups in the pop- ulation, special fronts are formed for the purpose, such as * * * Labor Youth League."
52 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary ComT*
mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23,
1956, p. 91; see also p. 59.)
4. Found to be a "Communist-front organization" and ordered to
register as such with the Attorney General of the United States.
(Subversive Activities Control Board, Decision of February 15,
1955.)
LAWYERS COMMITTEE ON AMERICAN RELATIONS WITH SPAIN
1. "When it was the policy of the Communist Party to organize much of its main propaganda around the civil war in Spain," the above "Communist lawyers' front organization" supported this move- ment.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19 U, pp. 168 and 169.)
LAWYERS COMMITTEE TO KEEP THE UNITED STATES OUT OF WAR
1. Cited as one of the fronts set up by the Communist Party after the Stalin-Hitler Pact in order to agitate to keep America out of the "imperialist war."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 169.)
LEAGUE FOR MUTUAL AID
1. Cited as a Communist enterprise.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P. 76.) LEAGUE FOR PROTECTION OF MINORITY RIGHTS 1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 152.)
LEAGUE OF AMERICAN WRITERS (See also American Writers Congress, Congress of American Revolutionary Writers, Exiled Writers Committee of the League of American Writers)
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "The League of American Writers, founded under Communist
auspices in 1935 * * * in 1939 * * * began openly to follow the Communist Party line as dictated by the foreign policy of the Soviet Union. * * * The overt activities of the League of American Writers in the last 2 years leave little doubt of its Communist control."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, Sep- tember 24, 1942, pp. 7685 and 7686.)
3. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Re- ports, House Report 1476, January 3, 1940, p. 9; House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 19; and House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 48.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 53
4. Cited as subversive and un-American.
(Special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropri- ations, Report, April 21, 1943, p. 8.)
LEAGUE OF STRUGGLE FOR NEGRO RIGHTS
1. "The Communist-front movement in the United States among
Negroes is known as the National Negro Congress. Practically the same group of leaders directing this directed the League of Struggle for Negro Rights, which was, until 2 years ago, the name of the Communist front for Negroes. The name was later changed * * * in 1936 to the National Negro Congress."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, House Report 2, January 3, 1939, p. 81; also cited in House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 28, 19U, V- U6.)
2. Cited as among "the most prominent and important Communist
Negro fronts in the past * * * William Odell Nowell * * * testified that after he had received instructions in the Soviet Union and returned to the United States, the Communist Party placed him as president of the American Negro Labor Congress * * * in 1929 or 1930 this organization was changed over to the League of Struggle for Negro Rights * * *."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report on "The American Negro in the Communist Party", Dec. 22, 1954, p. 10.) LEAGUE OF WOMEN SHOPPERS
1. "An organization which this committee found to be a Communist- controlled front by indisputable documentary evidence obtained from the files of the Communist Party in Philadelphia." The original executive secretary of the League was Helen Kay, a Communist Party member.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 121 and 181.) LEHIGH VALLEY COMMITTEE TO SECURE JUSTICE IN THE ROSEN-
BERG CASE 1. Cited as a "local auxiliary" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. It was formed "toward the end of 1952 at a meeting at the home of Sylvia Freedland." Testimony disclosed "that the Rosenberg activities in the vital Lehigh Valley industrial heartland were under the direct supervision of the District Communist Party headquarters in Philadelphia and were carried on almost exclusively by members of the Com- munist Party."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobeil," August 25, 1956, p. 80.)
LOS ANGELES COMMITTEE TO SECURE JUSTICE IN THE ROSENBERG CASE
1. Cited as a local auxiliary of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. "Next to New York and Wash- ington, the area of greatest focus in the Rosenberg campaign was Los Angeles * * * The Los Angeles campaign [was] under
95822°— 57 5
54 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
the direction of Sophie Davidson, chairman of the Los Angeles
Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case * * *."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by
Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the
Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, pp. 66
and 67.)
LOS ANGELES EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. (See People's Edu-
cational Center) MACEDONIAN-AMERICAN PEOPLE'S LEAGUE
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
MANHATTAN CITIZENS COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 152.) MANHATTAN COMMITTEE TO SERVE JUSTICE IN THE ROSENBERG
CASE (also known as Manhattan Clemency Committee) 1. Cited as one of the "most active" of the "field units" in the New York area for the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. It "concentrated on the predominantly Jewish immigrant sections of the city."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, pp. 86 and 63.)
MARSHALL FOUNDATION (See Robert Marshall Foundation) MARYLAND COMMITTEE FOR PEACE
1. "* * * hearings on Baltimore developed that the Communist Partv
of this district * * * organized a new Communist peace organi- zation, the Maryland Committee for Peace * * * Phil Frank- feld * * * then chairman of the Communist Party of Mary- land and the District of Columbia, selected Ruth H. Bleier * * * Gunther Wertheimer * * * and Louis Shub * * * to create the new organization * * * Yet the fact of their affiliation, as dis- closed by the Baltimore hearings, was that these individuals had been disciplined members of the Communist Party for some time."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1951, House Report 2481, July 2, 1952, originally released February 17, 1952, p. 11, also cited in House Report 878 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 54-)
2. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive
after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 55
MASSACHUSETTS YOUTH COUNCIL
1. Cited as a "Communist-front organization."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1951, House Report 24$ 1, July 2, 1952, originally released February 17, 1952, p. 13.) MAY DAY committees (See United May Day Committee, United May Day Conference, United May Day Provisional Committee)
MAY DAY PARADE (See also United May Day Committee, United May Day Conference, United May Day Provisional Committee)
1. "The May Day Parade in New York City is an annual mobilization of Communist strength."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 179.)
MEDICAL BUREAU AND NORTH AMERICAN COMMITTEE TO AID SPANISH DEMOCRACY
1. "In 1937-38, the Communist Party threw itself wholeheartedly
into the campaign for support of the Spanish Loyalist cause, recruiting men and organizing multifarious so-called relief organ- izations." Among these was the above.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report
1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944,
p. 82.)
2. Cited as subversive and un-American.
(Special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropria- tions, Report, April 21, 1943, p. 3.)
3. Cited as one in a "series of Communist enterprises which have dealt
with Spain and Spanish Civil War. Directly related, organiza- tionally or historically, with the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Com- mittee * * *"
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, House Report 2233, June 7, 1946, p. 27.)
MEDICAL BUREAU TO AID SPANISH DEMOCRACY
1. Cited as one in a "series of Communist enterprises which have dealt with Spain and the Spanish Civil War. Directly related, organizationally or historically, with the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee * * *"
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, House Report 2233, June 7, 1946, p. 27.)
MEMORIAL DAY YOUTH PEACE PARADE (1938)
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P- S3.) MERRICK ROSENBERG COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the "field units" in the New York area for the
National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by
Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the
Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 63.)
56 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
METHODIST FEDERATION FOR SOCIAL ACTION
1. "With an eye to religious groups, the Communists have formed religious fronts such as the Methodist Federation for Social Action * * *."
{Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.
MEXICAN AND SPANISH-AMERICAN PEOPLES CONGRESS (See Congress
(First) of the Mexican and Spanish-American Peoples of the United States) MICHIGAN CIVIL RIGHTS FEDERATION
1. Cited as a subversive and Communist organization which has been
succeeded by and now operates as the Michigan Chapter of the Civil Rights Congress.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board,
released December 4, 194?) June 1, 1948, and September 21,
1948.)
2. Cited as an affiliate of the Communist front, the National Federa-
tion for Constitutional Liberties.
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7687.)
3. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P- 83.)
4. Among a "maze of organizations" which were "spawned for the
alleged purpose of defending civil liberties in general but ac- tually intended to protect Communist subversion from any penalties under the law."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115
on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally
released September 2, 1947, p. 3.)
MICHIGAN COMMITTEE FOR PEACE
1. Cited as among "Communist fronts operating in Michigan" regarding which "investigation and hearing established beyond doubt that they are dominated and led by members of the Communist Party. These groups are more vicious than all the others because they are playing on the nerves of mothers and fathers of American youth stationed in America's Armed Forces, especially those fighting in Korea."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1952, H. R. 2516, January 3, 1953, originally released December 28, 1952, pp. 10, 11.)
MICHIGAN LABOR COMMITTEE FOR PEACE
1. Cited as among "Communist fronts operating in Michigan" regard- ing which "investigation and hearing established beyond doubt that they are dominated and led by members of the Communist Party. These groups are more vicious than all the others because they are playing on the nerves of mothers and fathers of American youth stationed in America's Armed Forces, especially those fighting in Korea."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1952, H. R. 2516, January 3, 1953, originally released December 28, 1952, pp. 10, 11.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 57
MICHIGAN SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, ' released April 27, 1949.)
2. "Schools under patriotic and benevolent titles indoctrinate Com-
munists and outsiders in the theory and practice of communism, train organizers and operatives, recruit new party members and sympathizers * * * Schools of this type have been * * * Mich- igan School of Social Science, Detroit * * *."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, pp. 91 and 92.)
MID-CENTURY CONFERENCE FOR PEACE
1. Cited as a meeting held in Chicago, May 29 and 30, 1950, by the
Committee for Peaceful Alternatives to the Atlantic Pact and as having been "aimed at assembling as many gullible persons as possible under Communist direction and turning them into a vast sounding board for Communist propaganda."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on
the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally
released April 1, 1951, p. 59.)
2. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive
after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.)
MILWAUKEE COMMITTEE IN THE ROSENBERG-SOBELL CASE
1. Cited as a name subsequently adopted by the [Milwaukee] Pro- visional Committee to Commute the Death Sentence of the Rosenbergs, a local auxiliary of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 76.)
[MILWAUKEE] PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE TO COMMUTE THE DEATH SENTENCE OF THE ROSENBERGS
1. Cited as a "local auxiliary" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. Its chairman was John Gilman, an identified Communist Party functionary.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 76.)
MINNEAPOLIS CIVIL RIGHTS COMMITTEE
1. Among a "maze of organizations" which were "spawned for the alleged purpose of defending civil liberties in general but actually intended to protect Communist subversion from any penalties under the law."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115 on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally released September 2, 1947, p. 3.)
58 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
MINUTE WOMEN FOR PEACE1
1. Cited as an organization which was formed by the Communists as
an attempt to convert women in the United States to their "peace" program. It launched a "peace ballot" distributed in and around Greater Boston.
{Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 878 on
the Communist "Peace'' Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally
released April 1, 1951, p. 74.)
2. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive
after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee oj the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook jor Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.) MODESTO DEFENSE COMMITTEE 1. Cited as a Communist organization.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
19U, P. 94.) MURRAY DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 102.)
MUSICIANS COMMITTEE TO SECURE CLEMENCY FOR THE ROSEN- BERGS
1. Cited as an "auxiliary group" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. Its "only event" was a concert rally on January 10, 1953 at the Hotel Capitol in New York, featuring Paul Robeson, Morris Carnovsky, Earl Robinson, Robert DeCormier, and Beulah Richardson.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice jor the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 34.) NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AGAINST UMT
1. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.) NATIONAL CIVIL RIGHTS FEDERATION 1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 48.) NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR PEOPLE'S RIGHTS 1. The National Committee for the Defense of Political Prisoners, "substantially equivalent to International Labor Defense, legal arm of the Communist Party," changed its name "in January 1938 to National Committee for People's Rights * * * no sub- stantial change was made in its set-up or functions."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7686.)
» Not connected with Minute Women, U. S. A., Inc.
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 59
2. Cited as a Communist front which succeeded the National Commit-
tee for the Defense of Political Prisoners. "The organization under its new name remained entirely under the control of the Communist Party."
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 20; and House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, PP- 48 and 182.)
3. Among a "maze of organizations" which were "spawned for the
alleged purpose of defending civil liberties in general but actually intended to protect Communist subversion from any penalties under the law."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115 on
the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally
released September 2, 1947, p. 8.)
NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE DEFENSE OF POLITICAL PRISONERS
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "Substantially equivalent to International Labor Defense, legal
arm of the Communist Party * * * [It] Gaters to financially and socially prominent liberals * * * the cases selected for defense, so far as known, have without exception, been those of Communists or cases publicized by the Communist Party. * * * In January 1938 its name was changed to the National Commit- tee for People's Rights."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7686.)
3. Cited as a Communist front, together with its successor organiza-
tion, National Committee for People's Rights. The executive secretary of the above was Joseph Gelders, well-known Com- munist.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 20; and House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, PP- 48 and 182.) NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO DEFEAT THE MUNDT BILL 1. Cited as "a Communist lobby" which came into being in June 1948 and "which has carried out the objectives of the Communist Party in its fight against antisubversive legislation."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 8248 on the National Committee To Defeat the Mundt Bill, January 2, 1951, originally released December 7, 1950.)
NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO REPEAL THE McCARRAN ACT
1. "To defend the cases of Communist lawbreakers, fronts have been devised making special appeals in behalf of civil liberties and reaching out far beyond the confines of the Communist Party itself. Among these organizations are the * * * National Com- mittee to Repeal the McCarran Act. When the Communist Party itself is under fire these offer a bulwark of protection." {internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.)
60 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO SECURE JUSTICE FOR MORTON SOBELL IN THE ROSENBERG CASE
1. Following the execution of atomic spies Ethel and Julius Rosenberg in June 1953, the "Communist campaign assumed a different emphasis. Its major effort centered upon Morton Sobell," the Rosenbergs' codefendant. The National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case — a Communist front which had been conducting the campaign in the United States — • was reconstituted as the National Rosenberg-Sobell Committee at a conference in Chicago in October 1953 and "then as the National Committee to Secure Justice for Morton Sobell in the Rosenberg Case." National headquarters remained at 1050 6th Avenue, New York City. Co-chairmen of the newest organization were Daniel Marshall and Joseph Brainin.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, pp. 118 and 120; also cited in Annual Report for 1955, House Re- port 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, p. 80.) NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO SECURE JUSTICE IN THE ROSENBERG CASE (and local affiliates)
1. Cited as a Communist front "organized at least as early as Novem-
ber 1951" to conduct the United States phase of "a mammoth propaganda campaign designed to obliterate the crime [of] and exploit the Rosenbergs l and their codefendant, Morton Sobell, for the purposes of international communism." Headed by Joseph Brainin as chairman, the committee had national head- quarters at 1050 6th Avenue, New York City, and more than 40 local affiliates throughout the country.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, pp. 1, 13, 21, 63 and 120; also cited in Annual Report for 1955, House Report 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, pp. 8 and 29-33.)
2. "To defend the cases of Communist lawbreakers, fronts have been
devised making special appeals in behalf of civil liberties and reaching out far beyond the confines of the Communist Party itself. Among these organizations are the * * * National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. When the Communist Party itself is under fire these offer a bulwark of protection."
(Internal Security Subcommittee oj the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.) NATIONAL COMMITTEE TO WIN THE PEACE 1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
t Ethel and Julius Rosenberg, convicted atomic espionage agents who were executed on June 19, 1953.
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 61
2. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive after World War II.'-'
{Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96, also p. 92.)
NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AMERICAN POLICY IN CHINA AND THE FAR EAST
1. Cited as Communist, and as "a conference called by the Com- mittee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy."
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released July 25, 1949.)
NATIONAL CONGRESS FOR UNEMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL INSURANCE
1. Cited as a Communist front, held January 5, 6, 7, 1935, in Wash- ington, D. C., and headed by Herbert Benjamin, leading Com- munist.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 94 and 116.) NATIONAL COUNCIL OF AMERICAN-SOVIET FRIENDSHIP (See also American-Soviet Science Society; Congress of American-Soviet Friendship)
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "In recent months, the Communist Party's principal front for all
things Russian has been known as" the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship.
{Special Committee on tin-American Activities, House Report
1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944)
p. 156.)
3. Cited as specializing in pro-Soviet propaganda.
{Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 9.1.)
4. Found to be a "Communist-front organization" and ordered to
register as such with the Attorney General of the United States. {Subversive Activities Control Board, Decision of February 7, ' 1956.)
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF AMERICANS OF CROATIAN DESCENT
1. Cited as a subversive and Communist organization which "has
effected a change of name. The designation applies alike to the
new organization known as the Union of American Croatians."
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review
Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948; and
Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty
Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CROATIAN WOMEN (See Central Council of
American Women of Croatian Descent) NATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE ARTS, SCIENCES, AND PROFESSIONS
(See also Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace) 1. Cited as a Communist front.
{Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1954 on the Scientific and Cultural Conference for World Peace
62 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
arranged by the National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions and held in New Yvrk City on March 25, 26, and 27, 1949, April 26, 1950, originally released April 19, 1949, p. 2.) t 2. Cited as a Communist front which is "used to appeal to special occupational groups * * *"
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.)
NATIONAL DELEGATES ASSEMBLY FOR PEACE
1. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.)
NATIONAL EMERGENCY COMMITTEE TO STOP LYNCHING
1. Cited as a Negro Communist-front organization, whose secretary was Ferdinand C. Smith, high in the circles of the Communist Party.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 180.) NATIONAL EMERGENCY CONFERENCE
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P. 49.)
2. "It will be remembered that during the days of the infamous Soviet-
Nazi pact, the Communists built protective organizations known as the National Emergency Conference, the National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights, which culminated in the Na- tional Federation for Constitutional Liberties."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115
on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally
released September 2, 1947, p. 12.)
NATIONAL EMERGENCY CONFERENCE FOR DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, VV- 48 and 102.)
2. "It will be remembered that during the days of the infamous Soviet-
Nazi pact, the Communists built protective organizations known as the National Emergency Conference, the National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights, which culminated in the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115
on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally
released September 2, 1947, p. 12.)
3. Cited as subversive and un-American.
(Special Subcommittee of the House Committee on Appro- priations, Report, April 21, 1943, p. 3.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 63
NATIONAL FEDERATION FOR CONSTITUTIONAL LIBERTIES (See also Oklahoma Federation for Constitutional Rights; Washington Committee for Democratic Action)
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "Part of what Lenin called the solar system of organizations, osten-
sibly having no connection with the Communist Party, by which Communists attempt to create sympathizers and supporters of their program. * * * [It] was established as a result of a con- ference on constitutional liberties held in Washington, D. C, June 7-9, 1940. * * * The defense of Communist leaders such as Sam Darcy and Robert Wood, party secretaries for Pennsyl- vania and Oklahoma, have been major efforts of the federation."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record,
' September 24, 1942, p. 7687.)
3. "There can be no reasonable doubt about the fact that the National
Federation for Constitutional Liberties — regardless of its high- sounding name — is one of the viciously subversive organizations of the Communist Party."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 50; a^so cited ^n Annual Reports, House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 20; and House Report 2748, January 2,
1943, pp. 9 and 12.)
4. Among a "maze of organizations" which were "spawned for the
alleged purpose of defending civil liberties in general but ac- tually intended to protect Communist subversion from any penalties under the law."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115
on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17) 1947, originally
released September 2, 1947, p. 3.)
NATIONAL FREE BROWDER CONGRESS '
1. Cited as a Communist front which arranged to meet March 28-29, 1942. Earl Browder was general secretary of the Communist Party, U. S. A., who had been convicted and sentenced to Atlanta Federal Penitentiary for passport fraud.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, VV- 69, 87, and 182.)
NATIONAL LABOR COMMITTEE FOR CLEMENCY FOR THE ROSEN- BERGS
1. Cited as "an auxiliary" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case, which shared the same head- quarters. Abe Weisburd was executive secretary.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice jor the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 107.)
1 See also citation under Citizens' Committee to Free Earl Browder, which sponsored the National Free Browder Congress.
64 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
NATIONAL LABOR CONFERENCE FOR PEACE (Suite 905, 179 West Wash-
ington Street, Chicago, 111.) 1. "The Communists' 'peace' campaign in the United States also made special efforts to drum up support in the vital field of American labor. In this phase of the campaign, Communist- controlled unions and Communist labor figures played an impor- tant role. With their aid, a new, Nation-wide 'peace' front was organized — the National Labor Conference for Peace." The first National Labor Conference for Peace was held in Chicago, October 1 and 2, 1949. Thereafter, locals and the national office "waged an incessant propaganda campaign in behalf of the Soviet Union."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 878 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, pp. 64~69.) NATIONAL LAWYERS' GUILD
1. Cited as a Communist front.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
19U, P. 149;)
2. Cited as a Communist front which "is the foremost legal bulwark
of the Communist Party, its front organizations, and controlled unions" and which "since its inception has never failed to rally to the legal defense of the Communist Party and individual members thereof, including known espionage agents."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 8123 on the National Lawyers Guild, September 21, 1950, origi- nally released September 17, 1950.)
3. "To defend the cases of Communist lawbreakers, fronts have been
devised making special appeals in behalf of civil liberties and reaching out far beyond the confines of the Communist Party itself. Among these organizations are the * * * National Lawyers' Guild. When the Communist Party itself is under fire these offer a bulwark of protection."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.) NATIONAL NEGRO CONGRESS
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. A. Phillip Randolph, president of the Congress since its inception
in 1936, refused to run again in April 1940 "on the ground that it was 'deliberately packed with Communists and Congress of Industrial Organizations members who were either Communists or sympathizers with Communists.'
"Commencing with its formation in 1936, Communist Party functionaries and 'fellow travelers' have figured prominently in the leadership and affairs of the Congress * * * according to A. Phillip Randolph, John P. Davis, secretary of the congress, has admitted that the Communist Party contributed $100 a month to its support.
"From the record of its activities and the composition of its governing bodies, there can be little doubt that it has served as
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 65
what James W. Ford, Communist Vice Presidential candidate elected to the executive committee in 1937, predicted: 'An impor- tant sector of the democratic front,' sponsored and supported by the Communist Party."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record,
' September 24, 1942, pp. 7687 and 7688.)
3. "The Communist-front movement in the United States among
Negroes is known as the National Negro Congress. * * * The officers of the National Negro Congress are outspoken Communist sympathizers, and a majority of those on the executive board are outright Communists."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report House Report 2, January 8, 1939, p. 81; also cited in Annual Reports, House Report 1476, January 8, 1940, p. 9, House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 20; and in House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 180.)
4. Cited as among "the most prominent and important Communist
Negro fronts in the past. * * * Manning Johnson stated that * * * it was decided the Communist Party should organize the National Negro Congress [and] * * * that James W. Ford and the Negro Commission of the Communist Party were given the responsibility * * * Mrs. Dorothy K. Funn * * * stated that the National Negro Congress was a puppet of the Communist Party and that the program * * * was dictated by the Negro Commission of the Communist Party * * * Mrs. Funn also explained that the National Negro Congress ceased to exist in 1947 and that its activities were turned over to the Civil Rights Congress * * *."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report on The Ameri- can Negro in the Communist Party, December 22, 1954, pp. 10, 11.)
NATIONAL NEGRO LABOR CONGRESS
1. Cited as among "the most prominent and important Communist Negro fronts in the past."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report on The Ameri- can Negro in the Communist Party, December 22, 1954, p. 10.)
NATIONAL NEGRO LABOR COUNCIL
1. "One of the Communist fronts currently active in seeking to deceive American Negroes into serving the Communist cause is the National Negro Labor Council * * * The organization was formally founded at a conference held in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 27 and 28, 1951, under the direction of leading Negro Communists in the United States, suGh as Abner Berry, Sam W. Parks, and Coleman A. Young. According to the latest available information. Young is the present National executive secretary of the organization, from which post he controls and directs NNLC activities * * * A study of the operation of the council shows that, rather than helping the Negro worker, it has been a deterrent to him/'
66 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report on The Ameri- can Negro in the Communist Party, December 22, 1954, p. 11; also cited in Annual Report for 1952, House Report 2516, December 28, 1952, p. 10 and 11.) 2. Cited as a Communist front "formed to provoke racial friction."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 92, also p. 91.)
NATIONAL PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE AGAINST HEARST
1. A "subsidiary" organization of the American League for Peace and Democracy.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Re- port, House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 16.)
NATIONAL ROSENBERG-SOBELL COMMITTEE
1. Cited as the name under which the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case was reconstituted at a national conference in Chicago on October 10 and 11, 1953.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 120; also cited in Annual Report for 1955, House Report 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, p. S3.)
NATIONAL STUDENT LEAGUE
1. A "front organization of the Communist Party."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, in re Harry Bridges, May 28, 1942, p. 10.)
2. Cited as the Communists' front organization for students, about
which Earl Browder, former general secretary of the Communist Party, said, "From the beginning it has been clearly revolution- ary in its program and activities."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- H9; al>so cited ^n Annual Report, H. R. 2, January 8, 1939, p. 80.)
NATURE FRIENDS OF AMERICA
1. Cited as a subversive and Communist organization since 1935.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
NEGRO LABOR VICTORY COMMITTEE
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
2. Cited as a Communist-front organization whose chairman is Fer-
dinand C. Smith, "high in the circles of * * * the Commu- nist Party."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report
1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, pp. 179 and 180.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 67
NEGRO PEOPLE'S COMMITTEE TO AID SPANISH DEMOCRACY
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 180.)
NEW CENTURY PUBLISHERS
1. "An official Communist Party publishing house, which has pub- lished the works of William Z. Foster and Eugene Dennis, Com- munist Party chairman and executive secretary, respectively, as well as the theoretical magazine of the party known as Political Affairs and the Constitution of the Communist Party, U. S. A." (Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1920 on the Communist Party of the United States as an Advocate of Overthrow of Government by Force and Violence, May 11, 1948, pp. 7 and 85.)
NEW COMMITTEE FOR PUBLICATIONS
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
NEW JERSEY COMMITTEE FOR CLEMENCY FOR THE ROSENBERGS
1. Cited as a "local auxiliary" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 82.)
NEW THEATRE LEAGUE
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 120, 171, and 177.)
NEW YORK COMMITTEE FOR CLEMENCY FOR THE ROSENBERGS
1. Cited as a local auxiliary of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. Its headquarters were at 1050 6th Avenue, New York City, and its executive secretary was Aaron Schneider.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, pp. 22, 49, and 63.)
NEW YORK CONFERENCE FOR INALIENABLE RIGHTS (See also Greater
New York Emergency Conference on Inalienable Rights) 1. Cited as a Communist front. It called a conference on February 14, 1941, at Mecca Temple, New York City, "to attack anti- sabotage legislation and the Rapp-Coudert Committee investi- gating subversive activities in the New York public-school system."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- U9.)
68 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
NEW YORK CONFERENCE ON CIVIL RIGHTS
1. Cited as the former name for the Civil Rights Congress of New York.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1115 on the Civil Rights Congress, November 17, 1947, originally released September 2, 1947, p. 9.)
NEW YORK PEACE INSTITUTE
1. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96.)
NEW YORK STATE CONFERENCE ON LEGISLATION FOR DEMOCRACY
1. Title of a conference held February 14, 1941, at Mecca Temple, New- York City, under the auspices of the New York Conference for Inalienable Rights in order "to attack antisabotage legisla- tion and the Rapp-Coudert Committee investigating subversive activities in the New York public school system."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, P. W)
NEW YORK STATE CONFERENCE ON NATIONAL UNITY
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 138.) NEW YORK TOM MOONEY COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a Communist front. "For many years, the Communist Party organized widespread agitation around the Mooney case, and drew its members and followers into the agitation."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, v- 154.)
NEW YORK TRADE UNION COMMITTEE TO FREE EARL BROWDER
1. Cited as among the projects and campaigns of the Communist Party. Browder was general secretary of the Communist Party, U. S. A.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 126.)
NEWARK PEACE ACTION COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 156.)
NON-PARTISAN COMMITTEE FOR CLEMENCY FOR THE ROSENBERGS
1. Cited as an "auxiliary organization" in Los Angeles of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. It was
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 69
established in January 1953 and it "requested funds to be sent in care of Mrs. John Clewe, 1234 West 40th Place, Los Angeles." (Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, pp. 67 and 68.) NON-PARTISAN COMMITTEE FOR THE RE-ELECTION OF CONGRESS- MAN VITO MARCANTONIO 1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 112.) NON-SECTARIAN COMMITTEE FOR POLITICAL REFUGEES 1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 152.) NORTH AMERICAN COMMITTEE TO AID SPANISH DEMOCRACY
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
2. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual
Report, H. R. 141®, January 3, 1940, p. 9; and House
Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March
29, 1944, P- U6.)
NORTH AMERICAN SPANISH AID COMMITTEE (See also Emergency
Conference to Save Spanish Refugees)
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, ' released April 27, 1949.)
2. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 82, 140, and 180.)
NORTH WESTCHESTER ROSENBERG COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the "field units" in the New York area for the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. (Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 63.)
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA COMMITTEE FOR PEACEFUL ALTERNATIVES
1. Cited as a local "peace" front organization in the San Francisco area which participated in the campaign of the American Peace Crusade.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 52.)
95822°— 57-
70 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA PEACE CRUSADE
1. "From evidence obtained through investigation and testimony in 1955, the committee concludes that the same subversive intent which it found in the American Peace Crusade is inherent in its branches: The Southern California Peace Crusade, the Northern California Peace Crusade, and the San Diego Peace Forum. All of these misnamed 'peace' organizations continue to have a common objective: The dissemination of Communist propa- ganda aimed at discrediting the United States and promoting a dangerous relaxation in the ideological and military strength of our country."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for
1955, House Report 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, p. 25.)
NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ROSENBERG-SOBELL DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. Activities in the San Francisco area, in connection with the Com- munist propaganda campaign exploiting atomic spies Ethel and Julius Rosenberg and Morton Sobell, were eventually "consoli- dated" in the above organization, located at 228 McAllister Street, San Francisco.
{Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 122.)
OHIO COMMITTEE TO SECURE JUSTICE IN THE ROSENBERG CASE
1. Cited as a "local auxiliary" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. "Executive secretary of the Ohio organization was Marjorie Posner, of Cleveland."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 82.)
OHIO SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
1. Cited as an adjunct of the Communist Party.
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947.)
2. "Schools under patriotic and benevolent titles indoctrinate Com-
munists and outsiders in the theory and practice of communism, train organizers and operatives, recruit new party members and sympathizers * * * Schools of this type have been * * * Ohio School of Social Sciences, Cleveland. * * * "
{Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 1171, April 23,
1956, pp. 91 and 92.)
OKLAHOMA COMMITTEE TO DEFEND POLITICAL PRISONERS
1. Cited as Communist.
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27 1949.)
2. "The NCDPP [National' Committee for the Defense of Political
Prisoners] * * * organized the Oklahoma Committee To De- fend Political Prisoners; and solicited funds and sought to obtain as much Nation-wide publicity as possible on behalf of Robert Wood, Oklahoma State secretary of the Communist Party, and
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 71
his Communist codefendants in the recent syndicalism trials in that State."
(Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7686.)
OKLAHOMA FEDERATION FOR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
1. Affiliate of the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties. (Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, September 24, 1942, p. 7687.)
OKLAHOMA LEAGUE FOR POLITICAL EDUCATION
1. Cited as a subversive and Communist organization "which operated for a period of time as the subdivision in Oklahoma of the Com- munist Political Association."
(Assistant Attorney General James M. Mclnerney writing for the Attorney General, letter to Loyalty Review Board, dated May 22, 1952.)
OPEN LETTER FOR CLOSER COOPERATION WITH THE SOVIET UNION
1. "A group of Communist Party stooges issued an open letter bearing the title given above."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 21.)
OPEN LETTER IN DEFENSE OF HARRY BRIDGES
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, V- 166.) OPEN LETTER TO AMERICAN LIBERALS
1. "In March 1937 a group of well-known Communists and Commu- nist collaborators published an open letter bearing the title given above. The letter was a defense of the Moscow purge trials." (Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Re- ' port, House Report 2277, June 25, 1942, p. 21.)
ORMSBY VILLAGE FOR YOUTH (TOPANGA CANYON, CALIF.)
1. Cited as "another example of an attempt by known Communists to indoctrinate and disaffect American youth."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for 1955, House Report 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, pp. 10 and 11.)
PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABOR SCHOOL (Seattle, Wash.) (See also Seattle Labor School)
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Re- view Board, released September 11, 1950.)
PALO ALTO PEACE CLUB
1. Cited as one of the "local 'peace' front organizations in the San Francisco area" which participated in the campaign of the American Peace Crusade in 1951.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 52.)
72 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
PARTIDO DEL PUEBLO OF PANAMA (operating in the Canal Zone)
1 . The Communist Party of Panama and an organization which seeks "to alter the form of government of the United States by uncon- stitutional means."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Re- view Board, released September 11, 1950.)
PEACE INFORMATION CENTER (799 Broadway, New York, N. Y.)
1. Cited as an organization which was responsible for circulating the
Stockholm Peace Petition. Its executive director was Elizabeth
Moos, an identified Communist.
{Committee on Un-American Activities, statement issued on the March of Treason, February 19, 1951, p. 2; and House Report 878 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, vp. Ifi and 42.)
2. Cited as a Communist front "active in the recent peace offensive
after World War II."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 96, also p. 59.)
PEOPLES EDUCATIONAL AND PRESS ASSOCIATION OF TEXAS
1. Cited as a subversive and Communist organization which seeks "to alter the form of government of the United States by unconsti- tutional means."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
PEOPLE'S EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION (See People's Educational Center)
PEOPLES EDUCATIONAL CENTER
1. Cited as a Communist and subversive organization which was incorporated under the name, Los Angeles Educational Associa- tion, and which is also known as People's University, People's School and People's Educational Association.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
PEOPLE'S INSTITUTE OF APPLIED RELIGION
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released June 1, 1948, and September 21, 1948.)
PEOPLE'S RADIO FOUNDATION, INC.
1. Included in a citation of the International Workers Order as a subversive and Communist organization.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyally Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
PEOPLE'S SCHOOL (See People's Educational Center)
PEOPLE'S UNIVERSITY (See People's Educational Center)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 73
PERMANENT COMMITTEE OF THE WORLD PEACE CONGRESS
1. Cited as having been established as a result of the World Congress of Partisans of Peace (World Peace Congress), a part of the Communist "peace" drive.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 378 on the Communist "Peace" Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 20.)
PHILADELPHIA COMMITTEE TO SECURE JUSTICE IN THE ROSENBERG CASE
1. Cited as a "local auxiliary" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case, which was "established publicly at a meeting at Town Hall [in Philadelphia] on October 14, 1952." Jean D. Fran tj is was secretary of the Philadelphia group.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice j or the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 78.)
PHILADELPHIA ROSENBERG-SOBELL COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the local organizations active in the Communist propaganda campaign exploiting atomic spies Ethel and Julius Kosenberg and Morton Sobell.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 121.)
PHILADELPHIA SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND ART
1. Cited as an adjunct of the Communist Party.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947.)
2. "Schools under patriotic and benevolent titles indoctrinate Com-
munists and outsiders in the theory and practice of communism, train organizers and operatives, recruit new party members and sympathizers. * * * Schools of this type have been * * * Phil- adelphia School of Social Science and Art * * *."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, pp. 91 and 92.)
PHILADELPHIA WOMEN FOR PEACE (See Committee of Philadelphia Women for Peace)
PHOTO LEAGUE
1. Cited as a subversive, Communist organization in New York City.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. Cited as a Communist front which is "used to appeal to special
occupational groups * * *"
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, p. 91.)
POLONIA SOCIETY OF THE IWO
1. Cited as Communist and among the "national group societies of International Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
74 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
PRESTES DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. A "Communist organization * * * defending Luiz Carlos Prestos, leading Brazilian Communist and former member of the execu- tive committee of the Communist International."
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29,
1944, P- tn.)
PRISONERS' RELIEF COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a "Communist" organization "which solicited financial help for Communist Party leaders arrested under the Smith Act."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for
1955, House Report 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released January 11, 1956, pp. 20 and 21.)
PROFESSIONALS FOR CLEMENCY
1. Cited as an "auxiliary unit" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.
{Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice jor the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, pp. 23 and 42.)
PROGRESSIVE COMMITTEE TO REBUILD AMERICAN LABOR PARTY
1. "The Communist wing of the American Labor Party."
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, PP- 102 and 127.) PROGRESSIVE GERMAN-AMERICANS
1. Cited as Communist. Organization also known as Progressive German-Americans of Chicago.
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, ' released April 27, 1949.)
PROGRESSIVE PARTY
1. "Communist dissimulation extends into the field of political parties forming political front organizations such as the Progressive Party. * * * The Communists are thus enabled to present their candidates for elective office under other than a straight Communist label."
{Internal Security Subcommittee oj the Senate Judiciary Com- mittee, Handbook jor Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23,
1956, p. 91.)
PROGRESSIVE WOMEN'S COUNCIL
1. "An outright affiliate of the Communist Party, headed by Rose Nelson."
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 153.) PROLETARIAN PARTY OF AMERICA
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
{Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
2. "* * * the history of the Communist movement in the United
States is replete with constant bickerings. * * * Some [dis-
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 75
senting groups] broke off completely and formed other organiza- tions. One of the first groups thus created was the Proletarian Party of America, formed in 1920. * * * [It] claims to be the real Marxist party and that all other so-called Communists are impostors. The organization is still active, but its field is limited to but few States, including Illinois, and Michigan." {Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1694 on Organized Communism in the United States, May 28, 1954, originally released August 19, 1953, p. 141.)
PROMPT PRESS
1. "Prints the bulk of the literature issued by the Communist Party and its affiliates and is reliably known to be owned by the Com- munist Party."
{Attorney General Francis Biddle, Congressional Record, Sep- tember 24, 1942, p. 7685.)
PROVISIONAL INTERNATIONAL TRADE UNION COMMITTEE OF NEGRO WORKERS
1. "The international Communist movement among Negroes through- out the world is known as the Provisional International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers. This is a section of the Red International of Labor Unions, which is a part of the Third (Communist) International which directs the activities of Com- munist movements in labor unions."
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, House Report 2, January 8, 1939, p. 81.)
PROVISIONAL WESTERN REGIONAL SOBELL COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the organizations currently active in the Com- munist propaganda campaign exploiting atomic spies Ethel and Julius Rosenberg and Morton Sobell. On October 5, 1955, the Daily People's World reported the establishment of the above committee "to expand the campaign for vindication of Morton Sobell." "This organization comprised 'permanent committees' in Los Angeles, San Francisco, East Oakland, Berkeley, Hay- ward, Palo Alto, Marin County and Petaluma, Calif."
{Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 129.)
PUBLIC USE OF ARTS COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a Communist front which was organized by the Com- munist-controlled Artists Union.
{Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 112.)
QUEENS ROSENBERG COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the "field units" in the New York area for the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. {Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 63.)
76 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
REFUGEE SCHOLARSHIP AND PEACE CAMPAIGN
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 87.)
REICHSTAG FIRE TRIAL ANNIVERSARY COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a Communist front which was formed in December, 1943, by prominent Communists and Communist sympathizers to honor Georgi Dimitrov, former head of the Communist Inter- national.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 112 and 156.)
REVOLUTIONARY WORKERS LEAGUE
1. Cited as subversive and Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letters to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947, and September 21, 1948.)
ROBERT MARSHALL FOUNDATION
1. "This fund of more than a million dollars, which originated with the rich man's son whose name it bears, has been one of the prin- cipal sources for the money with which to finance the Communist Party's fronts generally in recent years."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, p. 50.)
ROMANIAN-AMERICAN FRATERNAL SOCIETY
1. Cited as Communist and among the "national group societies of International Workers Order."
(Attorney General J. Howard McGrath, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released September 11, 1950.)
ROSENBERG COMMITTEE OF THE BRONX
1. Cited as one of the "most active" of the "field units" in the New York area for the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. Its chairman was Joseph Gingold.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 63.)
ROSLYN ROSENBERG COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the "field units" in the New York area for the
National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by
Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for
the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 63.)
RUSSIAN AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL CORP.
1. An organization active in 1922 whose purpose was the operation of the textile and clothing industry in Russia. It "had a political as well as a business interest in the Bolshevik revolution." It "was eventually a complete flop."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 74 md 76.)
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 77
RUSSIAN RECONSTRUCTION FARMS, INC.
1. Cited as a Communist enterprise which was directed by Harold Ware, son of the well-known Communist Ella Reeve Bloor. It received funds from the Garland Fund.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, P. 76.) ST. LOUIS COMMITTEE TO SECURE JUSTICE FOR MORTON SOBELL 1. Cited as the name subsequently adopted by the St. Louis Com- mittee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case; a local auxiliary of the National Committee to Secure Justice m the Rosenberg Case.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 83.)
ST. LOUIS COMMITTEE TO SECURE JUSTICE IN THE ROSENBERG CASE
1. Cited as a "local auxiliary" of the National Committee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg Case. Its chairman was Haven P. Perkins.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Report, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 83.)
SAMUEL ADAMS SCHOOL (Boston, Mass.)
1. Cited as an adjunct of the Communist Party.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947.)
2. "Schools under patriotic and benevolent titles indoctrinate Com-
munists and outsiders in the theory and practice of communism, train organizers and operatives, recruit new party members and sympathizers * * * Schools of this type have been * * * Samuel Adams School, Boston * * *"
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary
Committee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23,
1956, pp. 91 and 92.)
SAN DIEGO PEACE FORUM
1. "From evidence obtained through investigation and testimony in 1955, the committee concludes that the same subversive intent whicn it found in the American Peace Crusade is inherent in its branches; The Southern California Peace Crusade, the Northern California Peace Crusade, and the San Diego Peace Forum. All of these misnamed 'peace' organizations continue to have a com- mon objective: The dissemination of Communist propaganda aimed at discrediting the United States and promoting a danger- ous relaxation in the ideological and military strength of our country."
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report for
1955, H. R. 1648, January 17, 1956, originally released
January 11, 1956, p. 25.)
78 SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS
SAN FRANCISCO LABOR CONFERENCE FOR PEACE
1. Cited as one of the "local 'peace' front organizations in the San Francisco area" which participated in the campaign of the American Peace Crusade in 1951.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, House Report 878 on the Communist ''Peace1' Offensive, April 25, 1951, originally released April 1, 1951, p. 52.)
SAN FRANCISCO ROSENBERG-SOBELL COMMITTEE
1. Cited as one of the local organizations active in the Communist propaganda campaign exploiting atomic spies Ethel and Julius Rosenberg and Morton Sobell. It was located at 228 McAllister Street.
(Committee on Un-American Activities, Beport, "Trial by Treason: The National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rosenbergs and Morton Sobell," August 25, 1956, p. 122.)
SCHAPPES DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released April 27, 1949.)
2. "A front organization with a strictly Communist objective, namely,
the defense of a self-admitted Communist who was convicted of perjury in the courts of New York." Morris U. Schappes "was on the teaching staff of the College of the City of New York for a period of 13 years. In 1936 his superior on the college faculty refused to recommend him for reappointment. This ac- tion led to prolonged agitation by the Communist Party." (Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Beport
1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944)
p. 71.)
SCHNEIDERMAN-DARCY DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. Cited as Communist.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Beview Board, released April 27, 1949.)
SCHOOL FOR DEMOCRACY
1. "In 1941, the Communists established a school in New York City which was known as the School for Democracy (now merged with the Workers School into the Jefferson School of Social Science)." The above "was established by Communist teachers ousted from the public school system of New York City."
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House Beport 1811 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 1944, pp. 89 and 168.)
SCHOOL OF JEWISH STUDIES
1. Cited as an adjunct in New York City of the Communist Party.
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Beview Board, released December 4, 1947.)
2. "Schools under patriotic and benevolent titles indoctrinate Com-
munists and outsiders in the theory and practice of communsim, train organizers and operatives, recruit new party members and
SUBVERSIVE ORGANIZATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 79
sympathizers. * * * Schools of this type have been * * * School of Jewish Studies, New York."
(Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee, Handbook for Americans, S. Doc. 117, April 23, 1956, pp. 91 and 92.) SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL CONFERENCE FOR WORLD PEACE (See Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace)
SCOTTSBORO DEFENSE COMMITTEE
1. Cited as a Communist front.
(Special Committee on Un-American Activities, Annual Report, House Report 2, January 3, 1939, p. 82;^ and House Report 1311 on the CIO Political Action Committee, March 29, 19U, V- 177.)
SEATTLE LABOR SCHOOL (See also Pacific Northwest Labor School)
1. Cited as an "adjunct of the Communist Party."
(Attorney General Tom Clark, letter to Loyalty Review Board, released December 4, 1947.)
2. "Schools under patriotic and benevolent titles indoctrinate Com-
munists and outsiders in the theory and practice of