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1911 |
T-A |
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Expedition to Pacific, from March, 1900, |
the tropical August, 1899 to |
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13« The Shore |
Fishes: |
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[by] W.C. Kendall [and] E.L. Goldsborough |
.J |
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
Mm
LIBRARY
OF THE
Museum of Comparative Zoology
U.^^q
OCT 13 1927
/IDemoirs of tbe /iDiiseum of Comparative Zoolofl?
AT HARVARD COLLEtiE. Vol. XXVI. No. 7.
REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION 'p(pL;'^^^.Y
TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSf^^, ^^'j JI^l fi f ft f \ U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM 4T]G|V^':j',',|',Sp9. to MARCH, 1900, COMMANDER JEFFERSON F. MOSER,' U. S. N., COM- MANDING.
XIII.
THE SHORE FISHES.
By WILLIAM C. KENDALL and EDMUND L. GOLDSBOROUGH.
WITH SEVEN PLATES.
IPublished by permission of Geokge M. Bowebs, U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fislieries.l
CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.:
printed for tbe flDuseum.
February, 1911.
TROPICAL PACIFIC.
The following PuhlicdHons of fhr Museum confain Reports on fhr Urcdging Operations in charge of Alexander Agassiz, of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," during ISOfl and 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding.
I It i- (I u I J
fi n ]^ 9!|^ flLr)AfcA.Khiz. Preliminary Report and List of Stations. With Remarks on the Deep- Sea Deposits by Sir John Murray. Mem. M. C. Z., ^'ol. XXVI. No. 1 . January, 1902. 114 pp. 21 Charts.
II. A. G. Mayer. Some Species of Partula from Tahiti. A Study in Variation. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 2. January, 1902. 22 pp. 1 Plate.
III. A. Agassiz and A. G. Mayer. Medusa-. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 3.
January, 1902. 40 pp. 13 Plates, 1 Chart.
IV. A. Agassiz. The Coral Reefs of the Tropical Pacific. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVIII.
February, 1903. 33, 410 pp. 238 Plates.
Y. C. R. Eastman. Sharks' Teeth and Cetacean Bones from the Red Clay of the Tropical Pacific. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 4. June, 1903. 16 pp. 3 Plates.
VI. W. E. HoYLE. Cephalopoda. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLIII. No. 1. March, 1904. 72 pp. 12 Plates.
VII. H. LuDwiG. Asteroidea. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXII. July, 1905. 12, 292 pp. 35 Plates, 1 Chart.
VIII. W. E. RiTTER and Edith S. Byxbee. The Pelagic Tunicata. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 5. August, 1905. 22 pp. 2 Plates.
IX. Mary J. Rathbun. The Brachyura. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV. No. 2. August, 1907. 54 pp. 9 Plates.
X. C.H.Gilbert. The Lantern Fishes. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 6. July, 1908. 24 pp. 6 Plates.
XL A. Agassiz. Echini. The Genus Colobocentrotus. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXIX, No. 1. November, 1908. 44 pp. 49 Plates.
XII. J. Murray and G. V. Lee. The Depth and Marine Deposits of the Pacific. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXVIII, No. 1. June, 1909. 170 pp. 5 Plates. 3 Maps.
XIII. W. C. Kendall and E. L. Goldsborough. The Shore Fishes. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 7. February, 1911. 106 pp. 7 Plates.
/IDcmoirs of tbe riDuseum ot Comparative Zooloo\?
AT HARVARD COLLEGE. Vol. XXVI. No. 7.
i?p:p()rts on the scientific results of the expedition to the tropical pacific, in charge of alexander aga.ssiz, by the r. s. fish commlssion steamer "albatross," from august, 1899, to march, 1900, commander .jefferson f. moser, u. s. n., com- MANDING.
XIII.
THE SHORE FISHES.
By WILLIAM C. KENDALL and EDMUND L. GOLDSBOROUGH.
WITH .SEVEN PLATES.
IPiihlishcd by permission of George M. Bowers. U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fislieries.]
CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.:
lpriute& for the /iDuseum,
Febru.^ry, 1911.
PRESERVATION MASTER AT HARVARD
Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross," from August, 1899, to March, 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., commanding.
XIII. THE SHORE FISHES.
BY \MLLIAM C. KENDALL AND EDMUND L. GOLDSBOROUGH.
(rulilishcil liy penriission of Oeo. M. Bowers, U. S. Commissioner of Fisli and Fisheries.)
INTRODUCTION.
The following report is based upon a collection of shore fishes and a few surface pelagic fishes made during the expedition of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer "Albatross" in 1899 and 1900 under the direction of the late Dr. Alexander Agassiz.
The places visited are the Marquesas, Paumotu, Society, Cook, Friendly, Tonga, Fiji, Ellice, Gilbert, Ratak, Marshall, Caroline, and Ladrone Islands (Guam), descriptions of which appear in Mr. Agassiz's Coral Reefs of the Pacific (Memoirs M. C. Z. 28, 1903). There is also an account of the native fisheries in Mr. A. B. Alexander's Notes on the Boats, Apparatus, and Fishing Methods employed by the natives of the South Sea Islands and results of fishing trials by the Albatross (Report U. S. F. C. for 1901, 1902, p. 741-829).
Some of the localities yielded many more species than others but this is doubtless due mainly to more extensive collecting in those places.
While the collection is not a large one, upon the whole, when the unfavorable conditions and poor facilities for collecting among the coral islands are con- sidered, a remarkably large number of species was obtained. Many of them, however, are represented in the collections only by young or immature fishes difficult of identification.
242 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
In the present paper fifty-three famihes and two hundred and thirty-one species are represented, of which eight species and one genus, Paragobioides, are new.
The new species are Kuhlia proxima, Lutianus marginatoides, Therapon maculatus, Dascyllus pomacentroides, Rupiellia lacunicola, Paragobioides grando- culis, Petroscirtes quadrimaculatus, and Canthigaster constellatus.
The table (p. 338-343) shows the distribution of the species among the groups as indicated by the collection.
The Friendly Islands, owing to their proximity to the Tonga Group, have been included with the latter.
The plates were made from drawings by Miss Violet Dandridge.
Specimens representing 143 species contained in this collection have been sent to the Museum of Comparative Zoology, others including the tyjies of the new species to the U. S. National Museum.
ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES.
CARCHARIDAE. Carcharias melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard.
Voy. Uranie. Zool., 1824, p. 194, pi. 43, fig. 1, 2. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 38, pi. 1.
No. A50, skin of a specimen 36 inches long from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
ALBULIDAE.
Albula vulpes (Linne).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm., 1905, 23, pt . 1, p. 55, fig. 9.
Esoj: fuipes Linne, Sy.st. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 313.
Albula gloasodon Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 1909, 8, p 385.
Three specimens, No. 08836, 2l to 3 inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands. M. C. Z. 29467 (1 specimen).
THE SHORE FISHES. 243
CHANIDAE.
Chanos chanos iFok.'skal).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comni., 190.5, 23, pt. 1, ]u .50, ti^. 10. Gunther, Fische der Siidsee, 1900, 8, p. 387.
MiKjU cIhihos Forsk.Il, Di'.script. .-Viiim., 177.5, p. 74.
The collection contains the following specimens from the Paumotu Islands, Nos. 05833, 05834, and 05835, M. C. Z. 29772, each 7 inches long, from Makemo, and 05831, M. C. Z. 29771, and 05832, each 7 inches long, from Niau.
CLUPEIDAE.
Stolephorus delicatulus (Bennett).
Clnpea dclicalida Bennett, Pz'oc. Comm. Zool. Soc. Loud., 18.31, p. 168.
Si/ralelloidis delicatidus Bleeker, Atla.s Ichth., 1S66-72, 6, p. 89, 9(5, tab. 264, Clup., 6, fig. 3.
No. 09023, fifteen specimens I to 2i^6 inches long, and three specimens. No. 09028, M. C. Z. 29520, li to ll inches long, all from Taritari, Gilbert Islands; No. 09062, forty-nine specimens Ii^b to ill inches long from Arhno, Marshall Islands, and two .specimens. No. 09007, small and mutilated, from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
Harengula kunzei Bleeker.
Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 18.56, 12, p. 200.
Clupea (Harengulii) kunzei Bleeker, .\tlas Ichth., 1866-72, 6, p. 89, 91, 100, 107, tab. 263, Clup. tab. .5, fig. 1.
Clupea hunzii Gunther, Fi.sche der Siidsee, 1909, 8, p. 382.
Two specimens. No. 08931 and 09000, 2| and 4l inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands, and eighty-six specimens, Nos. 05791-92, M. C. Z. 29459 (14 specimens) and 09006 (young) Ij to 2 inches long, all from Suva, Fiji Islands.
Harengula sundaica Bleeker.
Clupcu (llaniiyuh!) suiuknca Bleeker, Atlius Ichth., 1866-72, 6, p. 89, 99, 105, tab. 261, Clup. 13, fig. 5.
Thirty-two specimens. No. 05794, I2 to 3 inches long, from Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands. M. C. Z. 29507 (7 specimens).
244 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
Harengula commersoni (Civikk & Valenciennes).
Clupeonina commersoni Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1S47, 20, ]). 3.50.
Alausa melanura Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1847, 20, p. 324.
Clupea (Harangula) metanurus Bleekbr, Atlas lohth., 1866-72, 6, [). 89, 101), 111.
Clupea (Paralosa) melanurus, tab. 269, Clu]). 11, fig. .5.
I'Clupea alricauda GtJNTHER, Fische der SUdsec, 1909, 8, |>. 381.
Two specimens, Nos. 05788-9, M. C. Z. 29386, each 4? inches long, from Vavau, Tonga Islands. One specimen, No. 05793, 31 inches, Papeete, Tahiti, .Society Islands; six specimens, Nos. 08817-19, 08825, 08887-8, 45 to 05 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
SYNODONTIDAE.
Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gabl\rd).
GtJNTHER, Fische der SUdsee, 1U09, 8, ]). 376.
Saurus gracilis Quoy & Gaimard, Voy. Uranic Zool., 1.S24, p. 224.
One specimen. No. 09005, 62 inches long, from Makemo, Paiunotu Islands. Three specimens, No. 08907, M. C. Z. 29525, li-2^ inches long, Truk (iroup, Caroline Islands.
ANGUILLIDAE.
Anguilla mauritiana Bennett.
Proc. Coinni. Zool. Soe. Lond., 1S31, p. 128. Jordan it Seale, Bull. I'. S. Bur. Fish., 190(), 25, p. 192.
No. A196, M. C. Z. 29737, 27 inches, and No. A197, 32 inches long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Anguilla otaheitensis Kaup.
Neue Aalachnliche Fi.sche des Hamburger Mu.s., 18.59, p. 17, tab. 2, fig. 2. Anguilla anietensis GUnther, Chall. Kept., 1880, ]). .58.
We have the following sjiecimens from Pajieete, Tahiti, Society Islands: No. A33, a specimen 17j inches long. Vomerine teeth extending almost or (juite as far back as the maxillary teeth; gajie about 3 in head, extending i)ast posterior border of eye; dorsal beginning about an inch in fiont of vent.
THE SHORE EISHES. 245
No. A32, a specimen I85 inches long. \'oniei'ine teeth extending nearly as far l)ack as maxilhxry teeth; gape about 3 in head and extending past posterior hdi-der of eye; dorsal beginning about f inch in fi'ont of vent.
No. A34, M. C. Z. 29752, a specimen 1.5 inches long. \'omerine teeth not extending back quite so far as maxillary teeth; gape extending but a little beyond posterior bordei' of eye, about 3 in head; dorsal beginning about u inch in front of vent.
A specimen, no tag or locality, 201 inches long. Vomerine teeth not ex- tending so far back as maxillary; gape about 3 in head extending back con- siderably farther than eye; dorsal begins li'g inches in front of vent.
Jordan & Seale (Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 25, p. 192), place Anguilla aneitensis Giinther (Chall. Rept. p. 58), as a synonym of .4. megastoma. We cannot see upon what grounds this is done, as all that Giinther says about it is that it was a malformed specimen from a river near Lake Waihirra.
Three of our specimens come from the type locality of A. oiaheitensis and they are undoubtedly that species. There is some variation in the relative position of the origin of the dorsal and the relative extent of the vomerine teeth, which suggests that these characters are not of much specific value. The other specimen shows no tangible differences, and there is a possibility that they all belong to some earlier described species.
MYRIDAE.
Muraenichthys macropterus Bleekek.
Act. Sof. Sci. Imlo-Xederl., ISW, 4, |). 11, Amboina S, p. 91. Atla.'i Ichth., 18(34, 4, p. :il, tab. 1.51, Mur. 7, fig. .3.
Six specimens. No. U99G(3, 2§ to 4/6 inches long from Arhno Atoll, Marshall Islands. M. C. Z. 29500 (2 specimens).
Muraenichthys schultzei Bleeker.
Nat. Tijds. X(a1. Iiul., lS."i7, 13, p. iJOli. .\tlas Iclitli., l.S(i4, 4, p. ;il, 33, tab. 14,S, Mur. 4, fig. 3.
Three s]:)eciinens, 2f to 3 inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands. AI. C. Z. 2959-4 (1 specimenj.
246 EXPEDITION OF THE " AI,l?ATROSS," 1S99-11I()().
In dpiital characters our specimens agree with Bleeker's description but the origin of the dorsal, so far as can be discerned, seems to be situated more poste- riorly, more like M. gymnotus.
OPHICHTHYIDAE.
Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Bennett).
Ophisurus semicinctus Lay & Bennett, Zool. Beechey's Voyage, 1839, p. (i(i, pi. 'iO, tif;. 4, Leiuranus colubrinus Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., 1864, 4, p. 42, tab. 163, Mur. 11), ti;;. 1.
One specimen, No. 09063, 6 inches long from Arhno Atoll, Marshall Islands.
* MURAENIDAE.
Gymnothorax richardsonii Bleeker.
Atlas Ichth., 1864, 4, p. 85, 100, tab. 186, Mur. tab. 42, fig. 2. Muraena richardsonii Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind., 1852, 3, p. 296.
Two specimens, No. 05783, 05784, M. C. Z. 29792 (small), Bora Bora, Society Islands.
Gymnothorax pictus (Ahl).
Muraena picta Ahl, Specimen Ichthyologicum de Muraena et Opiiichtho, 1789, ji. 8, pi. 2, fig. 2.
The collection contains the following specimens from Paumotu Islands: No. 08822, 14| inches long from Anaa. No. A52, M. C. Z. 29760 16| inches long from Fakarava; No. 05771, 13? inches long, No. 05770, 13j inches long, and No. 05772, M. C. Z. 29761, 14^ inches long, from Makemo. No. A36, 20| inches long from Tikei. No. A20, 23 inches long from Rangiroa. Another specimen. No. A156, 18 inches long from Funafuti, EUice Islands, and Nos. 09044, 6 inches long and 09043, 9? inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands. The following notes were taken from the above specimens: Color of No. 08822, in alcohol, creamy white, thickly speckled with brown on back and sides, belly plain white, specks arranged in ii-i-ogulai', ci'owded groups, same color on dorsal fin ; this grouping on the white background gives a faint reticulated efTect, the reticulations being of the pale color; anal white;
THE SHORE FISHES. 247
dots on the heatl not extending forward beyond posterior edge of eye, or below- upper jaw, though on one side there are two or three dots in front of eye.
C'oloi' of Nos. 09043-4, in alcohol, ground color yellowish, probably gray in life; dorsal, back and sides with small irregular brownish rings and broken rings and irregular groups of coalescing spots; spots on lower side of abdomen distinct, not coalescing; belly unspotted, top and side of head with small dis- tinct spots, extending to end of snout, but none on jaws, or under lower jaw.
No. A156, M. C. Z. 29759. This specimen is very thickly speckled with small purplish brown specks, which sometimes coalesce into larger spots; lower jaw and throat with numerous small spots and specks; belly plain.
No. A52. Color similar to A156, but with fewer specks on lower jaw and throat.
No. 05771. Color similar to that of A52.
No. 05770. Color similar to No. 05771, in addition, however, it has a few small spots on belly; spots on throat and lower jaw are a little larger and more scattering.
No. A36. Very thickly spotted with larger spots than the last, amongst which the ground color makes a fine reticulated effect; throat and lower jaw thickly spotted with comparatively large spots.
No. A20. Color cannot be clearly made out, seemed to be finely speckled; lower jaw has scattering small spots, none on throat.
No. 05772. Color badly faded, seemed to have had fewer spots, which were more coalescing into rings and groups; throat not spotted; lower jaw with very few small specks.
Gymnothorax rupelliae (McClelland).
Dalophis rupvlliue McClelland, CalcutUi .lourn. Nat. Hist., 184.5, 5, p. 213.
Gymnothorax rdictilaris Bleeker, Atlas Ifhth., 1864, 4, j). 85, 98, tab. 177, Mur. 33, lif;. 1, and tab. 183, Mur. 39, fig. 2; tab. 181, Mur. 37, fig. 4 (not of Bloch).
One specimen, No. 05786 (small), Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
Gymnothorax tessellatus (Richardson).
Bleekbh, .\llas k'litli., 18tJ4, 4, p. 8.'5, 93, tal). 171, Mur. 27, fig. 3.
Muraena tessellahi^ Richardson, Zool. Voy. Sulphur. Ichth., 1845, p. 109, pi. 55, fig. 5-8.
One specimen, No. 05785, 3| inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
24S EXPEDITION OF TIIK " AL15ATROSS," 1899-1900.
Gymnothorax stellatus (Lacepede).
Muraenophis dellatus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1803, 5, p. 622, 629, 644.
Muraena Jimbriala Bennett, Proc. Conim. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1831, p. 168. Day, Fi.slics uf India, 1878, p. 670, pi. 172, fig. 1.
No. 05775, a specimen 7| inches long, and U5782, M. C. Z. 29580, 3i inches long, from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands.
Echidna tritor \'aillant & Sauvage.
Ri'v. ct M:ig. Zuol., 1S7."), 3, p. 287.
KdiUlna Iviludn .Jenkins, Bull. V. S. Fish Coiimi., HtO:-;, 22, p. 42S, fijr. !). .Jordan & Seai.e, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 203.
No. 05773, a specimen 9j inches long and 05774, M. C. Z. 29579, 5^ inches long, from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands. In the position of the vent, which is nearer the tip of snout than the tip of tail, these specimens agree with E. psalion.
Enchelynassa canina (Qruv & Gaimard).
.I(iKD\N A: Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fi.sh., 1906, 26, j). 197.
Miiiaciin canina CJuov & Gaimard, Voy. Uranio. ZdoI., 1824, p. 247.
No. A51, I85 inches long from Fakarava, Pamnotu Islands.
Uropterygius pantherinus (Lesson).
Iiiil/ii/oplii.'i jHiiilhcn'niiJi Lesson, Voy. Coquille. Zool. Poiss., 1830, 2, p. 131, .\tlus, pi. 13. di/niNiiniiiriii'nd luiitllicrina Bleeker, .\tlas Ifhth., 18()4, 4, p. 112, 113, tab. 17.5, Mur. 31, fig. 3.
Number A49, a specimen 23? inches long from Fakarava, Paumotus.
Sharp curved teeth in both jaws in several irregular rows that are hard to count ; at least four rows anteriorly, bunched in front of vomer and at the junction of upper jaw; vomer with two rows of teeth anteriorly, single row posteriorly, those in front curved backward, the posterior three curved forward. No vestige of fin except at extremity of tail.
This specimen is very certainly identifiable with (hjmnothontx pdnllivriiKi in Bleeker's Atlas. Bleeker states that his specimens are quite certainly the same as Lesson's Ichihijophis jxinlhcrinus, and suggests the possibility of its being the Gyiniunnuruciui tiiartiKirdld Lacepede. It is, however, quite as certain
THE SHOIJK I'ISHES. 249
thai our siicciiiiens, as well as Bleeker's, are not UyDinoiliorax iimrnKirtda, if those recorded from the Hawaiian Islands by Jordan & Evermann, and those from Samoa by Jordan & Seale, are correctly identified.-
While Lesson's Ichthyophis pantherinus has been included in the synonymy of Uropterygiun marmorata,^ it has not the same character of vertical fins on the tail, in fact it has practically none, while U. marmorata from Hawaii has the vertical fins extending a short distance on the tail both above and below. There is nothing in Lesson's description to show the number of the rows of teeth or whether the posterior nostril was tubular or not. In fact no posterior nostril is shown in the figure, but the color, shape, and character of the tail, are much like those of our specimens, which have the posterior nostril tubular. We there- fore retain Lesson's specific name and ]:)lace it in L^ropterygius.""
' Uroplerygias marmorata in Fishes of Hawaiian Islands, Jordan & Evermann, is incorrectly illus- trated by a figure of Callcchelys marmnrala cojjied from tab. 1.53, Mi:r. 11, fig. 2 of Bleeker's .\llas. Probably Gijmnomnraena macroplerus, p. 113, 115, and G. xanllinplerus, p. 112, 114 and tab. 164, Mur. 20, tigs. 2 and 4 of Bleeker's Atlas and possibly 0. macrocephalus, p. 112, and 114, tab. 160, Mur. 21, tig. 2, are correctly included in the .synonymy of ['. marmnrata.
-In Fishes of Hawaiian Lsland.s Jordan & Evermann place the genus lclilli\i>phis I.e.s.son in the synonymy of Uropterygius as follows: "Ichthyophis Lesson, Voy. de la Coquille, 1S2!), 2, p. lol, (pan- Ihcn'iiHs = marmoralm); not of Fitzinger 1829 (1S2()) a genus of reptiles."
.\ls() in their synonymy of Uropterygius iiurrmoratus occurs: — Icldlnjophiti pdiillicriniis L<>s.son, Voy. Coquille. Zool. PoLss., 1829, 2, p. 131.
In the Proceedings of the 11. S. Nat. Mus. 19(11, 23, p. SS6, Jordan & Snyder estal)lish (lie genus Scuticaria, retaining as type of the genus Ichlhiinpliis li(/riiiui> Le.sson, having the posterior as well as the anterior nostril tubular.
In Fislies of Hawaiian Islands, (Bull. U. S. Fish Conim. 190.'), 23, pt . 1, p. 1 12) Jordan & Evermann in the synonymy of Scuticaria have: — " M uracnntiknna Kaup, Cat. Apod. Fish., 97, 18.56 (tlqrina); not of Laccpede, 1803, which is a Myxine." In the same work (p. 113) in the .synonymy of Sciiticura tigrinn, they include " Ichlhyophin ligrinus Lesson, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, IV, 399, 1S29." Riippell sliows, in the figure of Uropterygius concolor, a short tube at posterior nostril, and says in the description of this species: — "Nasenlocher wie gewohnlieh bei den Muraencn niit Kurzcn Hautfiihlern versehen." This does not necessarily exclude posterior nostrils.
Jordan & Evermann in the description of ('. marniorata, state that the anterior nostrils afe in short tubes and the posterior have elevated rims. A specimen of theirs, from the Hawaiian Islands, shows the posterior tube as long as the anterior. Specimens in the V. S. Nat. Mus. from the same locality and labeled Uropterygius marmorata, that are .5 to 6 inches long, show, in the smaller examples, no rim, and in the larger, a very slight rim at posterior nostril.
These resemble specimens of the same size from Samoa, labeled Uropterygius concolor, all of which are exactly like specimens in our collection which we have identified as young U. marmorata. Larger si)ecimens from Samoa labeled "Scuticaria marmorata," show imsterior nostril tubes as they are in a sjiecimen of Scuticaria tigrinus of the same size from Hawaii.
It Ihus seems that the presence or absence of posterior nasal tubes affortls no basis for separating Uie genera on this character, and the genus Scuticaria will have to be dropped in favor of Uropterygius.
The type of Irhllii/ophis is tigrinus and not piintlicriniis (Lesson, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1S2S, 4, p. 400).
250 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALUATliOSS," 1899-1900.
Uropterygius marmoratus (Lacepede).
Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. >S. Fish. Comm., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. HI, fig. 33. Gymnnmnrdcnn mnrmorata Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Pois.s., 1803, 5, p. 648.
We have the following specimens from Paumotu Islands: —
Nos. A54, 05776, 05777, M. C. Z. 29581, 4 to 9^ inches long from Fakarava, and 05787, two small specimens from Makemo, M. C. Z. 29471.
In No. A54 the color in alcohol is dark olive-green, thickly marbled with darker ; fins at the end of the tail not noticeably lighter.
In the smaller (young) examples, in which we can detect no other tangible differences, the color is uniform purplish brown without evident marbling, fins at the tail yellowish white.
U. marmoratus and concolor are very probably the same species. In very young individuals we can find no differences except a slight difference in color and these do not show in alcoholic specimens.
Uropterygius concolor Rippell.
Xeuc Wirh. Kischc, 1835, p. 83, taf. 20, fig. 4.
Two specimens. No. 09009, lii and 2§ inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands. M. C. Z. 29475 (1 specimen).
BELONIDAE.
Belone platyura Bennett.
Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, 1830, p. 1(J8. GC'.ntheh, Fischc iler .Siidsee, Ul()!», 8, p. 349.
Three specimens, No. A 13(3, 12 to 14? inches long from Kambara, Fiji Islands.
The specimen numbered A136 has dorsal I, 14; anal I, 17; eye equals inter- orbital; another specimen has dorsal I, 13; anal I, 17; eye slightly greater than interorbital width; the other has dorsal I, 13; anal I, 18; eye slightly greater than interorbital width.
Another specimen, No. 08847, M. ('. Z. 29774, 13 inches long from Funafuti, has dorsal I, 14; anal I, 18; eye etiiials interorbital.
THE SHORE ETSHES. 251
HEMIRAMPHIDAE.
Hemiramphus dussumierii Cuvier & Valenciennes. Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1846, 19, p. 33 (24), ])1. .554. CU'nthkr, Fischo der Siidsee, 1909, 8, ]i. 3.54.
Five specimens, No. A117, 85 to 10 inches long from Namuku, Tonga Is- lands, give the following measurements: —
Dor.sal I, 15; A. I, 14; dorsal and anal scaled, the anal especially so; ventral nearer caudal than head; scales 52?
Dorsal I, 13; A. I, 13; dorsal scaled, the anal slightly so; ventral midway between head and base of caudal, slightly nearer head if anything; scales 52?
Dorsal I, 14; A. I, 13; dorsal and anal scaled; ventral exactly midway between head and base of caudal ; scales 55.
Dorsal I, 13; A. I, 13; dorsal and anal scaled; base of ventral slightly nearer caudal than head; scales about 55.
Dorsal I, 14; A. I, 14, no scales on dorsal; anal closely scaled; base of ventral midway between head and caudal, scales about 52; eye ecjuals inter- orbital, 1.25 in postorbital part of head.
The collection also contains the following specimens : —
No. 09034, 3^ inches long from Mille, Marshall Islands. No. 08947, 8 inches long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands. Twenty-one specimens (young) from Fakarava, Paumotu Islands. Seven specimens 85 to 10| inches long, and Nos. A121, M. C. Z. 29731, A122, 8 and 11 inches long, from Vavau, Tonga Islands. No. A147, II5 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. One specimen, No. 09013 (young) from Guam. This specimen had dorsal 15; anal 14; scales about 52; ventral midway between caudal and head.
Hemiramphus affinis Gunther. Cat., 1866, 6, p. 267.
One specimen. No. 09045, M. C. Z. 29503, 4| inches long from Tarawa, Gilbert Islands. Dorsal I, 15; scales about 60; ventral nearer caudal than head.
One specimen, No. 08958, 9ie inches long, from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Two specimens taken in the Caroline Islands, one No. 08958, 9io inches long at Kusaie, and one No. 09058, 3 inches long at Moen. This last specimen has 16 dorsal rays and 16 anal rays, ventral midway between head and caudal.
252 EXPRDTTTOX OF THE " ATJ5ATR0SS," 1899-1900.
Seventeen specimens from Marshall Islands, two of them, No. 08959, 5/o and 52 inches long from Wotje Atoll; fourteen of thoin (young) No. 09075 and one small mutilated specimen, No. 09041 from Arhno.
Hemiramphus far (Forsk.Il).
GoNTHER, Fische der Siidsee, 1909, 8, p. .357. Esnx far ForskAl, Descript. Anim., 177.5, p. 67.
No. A118, a specimen 17 inches long and No. A119, M. C. Z. 29730, 15 inches long from Vavau, Tonga Islands.
Zenarchopterus dispar (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
GuNTHER, Fisehe der Sttdsee, 1909, 8, p. 3.58.
flcinirhamphu.'i dinpar Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1S4G, 19, p. 42 (.58), pi. .558.
Zdiiarchoplfrus vaisiganis .Jordan' & Seale, Bull. U. 8. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 208, tig. 11.
Two specimens, Nos. 09022, and 08925, M. C. Z. 29366, 6b and 650 inches long from Kusaie, Caroline Islands. Fourteen specimens, Nos. 08881 and 08993, 4| to 64 inches long, and No. 05943, in very bad condition, all from Suva, Fiji. Two specimens. No. 09094, M. C. Z. 29390 from Guam, very bad condition, unidentifiable with certainty, with longer bill than the others, but this seems to be an age character.
All these specimens have been compared with specimens in the U. S. National Museum, with three specimens of Z. dispar from the Philippines, with types and cotypes of Z. vaisiganis, with descriptions and figures in Cuvier & Valenciennes, Bleeker, and in Day, and no differences can be detected by which to separate them from Z. dispar; Z. vaisiganis seems identical.
EXOCOETIDAE.
Exocoetus volitans Linne.
Sy.st. Nat. cd. 10, 1758, p. .316. Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Coram., 1905, 23, pt. 1, p. 133, tig. 45.
No. 05809, 1^6 inches long from tow-net, open Pacific, Albatross, Sept. 8, 1899, 8 p. M., in Lat. 4°, 35' N., Long. 136°, 54' W.
THE SHORE FISHES. 253
This is jH-ovisionally itlcntified as above, it being too small for positive iden- tification.
Back dark brown, lower parts silvery; dark brown band extending between the posterior half of dorsal and anal and extending somewhat on fins; base of caudal dark brown; pectorals pale with a large very dark brown blotch, occu- pying upper posterior half of fin, but not extending to the tips of the rays which are pale.
Cypsilurus speculiger (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 209, fig. V.i (poor).
Exocoelus speculiger Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1846, 19, p. 69 (94). Gunther, Fisohc der Siidsee, 1909, 8, p. 366.
No. A200, M. C. Z. 29765, two specimens 10 and 1 1 inches long from off ( !uam.
Cypsilurus bahiensis (Ranzani).
.Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 190.5, 23, pt. 1, p. 136.
Exocoelus bcihiensis Ranzani, Nov. Comm. Xc. Sci. Inst. Boiion., 1S42, 5, p. 320, pi. 3S. Oi'-nther, Fisohe der Stidsee, 1909, 8, p. 369.
No. A184, 12 inches long from Arhno, Marshall Islands.
This specimen agrees very well with Day's description (Fishes of India, p. 519) except that, in our specimen, the anal fin is inserted opposite the end of the first third of the dorsal. Day says that it commences below the last thii'd of dorsal fin, but his figure (Plate 121, fig. 10) shows that it commences very slightly in advance of the middle of the dorsal.
ATHERINIDAE.
Atherina lacunosa Forster.
Block & Schneider, Syst Ichth., 1801, p. 112. Descript. Anira. Ed. Lichtenstein, 1844, p. 298. Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hi.st. Nat. Poiss., 183.5, 10, p. 337 (4.54).
Sixteen specimens, No. 09078, 1 to 2| inches long from Wotje Atoll, Marshall Islands. Also M. C. Z. 29464, No. 09084, if inches long, from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline Islands.
Dorsal VI to VII — I, 9 to I, 10; anal I, 12 to I, 14; scales about 44 or 45 counting entire longitudinal series. Of six specimens three have 6 dorsal spines
254 KXPKDITIOX OF THE " ALBATROSS," 1S99-1900.
and three have 7; only one has 9 rays, the rest have 10. Of the anal rays, one has 12, four have 13, the others have 14.
Atherina endrachtensis QroY & Gaimart). Voy. Uranio. Zool., 182.5, p. .3.34. Gunther, Cat., 1861, 3, p. 401.
Four specimens from Marshall Islands, No. U9035, I2 inches with dorsal VII-I, 10; anal I, 10 or 11 from Likieb and three specimens, No. 09071, li^g to 2g inches long from Ahrno. Origin of dorsal a little nearer ventral than anal.
1. D. VII-I, 9; A. I, 10 or 11; scales 42 counting all the developed scales in longitudinal series.
2. D. VI-I, 9; A. I, 10 or 11; scales 42.
3. D. V-I, 9; A. I, 11; scales 42.
Fourteen specimens from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline Islands, as follows: —
No. 09084 (part) six specimens li to ll inches long and No. 08906 (part) eight specimens, M. C. Z. 29394, to l| inches long.
No. 08906, had D. VI-I, 9; A. I, 10 or 11 for seven specimens, the other specimen has D. VII-I, 9; A. I, 10 or 11.
Twenty-seven specimens, No. 09055 (poor condition) 1 to li'g inches long, from Suva, Fiji Islands. Five specimens, li to li inches long from Rangiroa, Paumotu Islands.
One specimen, part of No. 09017, li inches long from Guam.
Head 21 in length; depth 5i; eye about equal interorbital, 2i in head; snout about | of eye; mouth very oblique, maxillary reaching anterior margin of eye ; origin of dorsal slightly nearer ventral than anal, about midway between tip of snout and base of caudal.
We have identified this as A. endrachtensis, although it differs slightly from current descriptions, most noticeably in length of snout and width of inter- orbital. It is close to A. vaigiensis, but is generally more slender and with a deeper caudal peduncle, proportionally smaller eye, and considerably longer snout.
THE SHORE FISHES. 255
Atherina vaigiensis (^I'ov & Gaimari). Voy. rranif. Zool., lS2o, |). oiri.
Fifteen specimens, No. 05820, 85 to 4| inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands. Six specimens No. 09017, I5 to 2 inches long from Guam. One hun- dred antl thirty-eight specimens from Moen, Ti'uk Group, Caroline Islands, as follows: —
M. C. Z. 29394, No. 08906, forty-eight specimens 1^ to 2? inches, M. C. Z. 29488, No. 09084, thirty-one specimens ll to 2^ inches, and No. 08983, fifty- nine specimens 1 to 3| inches long.
Of the 59 specimens twenty examined show dorsal spines to vary from IV to VI, and rays 1, 10 or 11 ; anal I, 14 to I, 16; there are but two with IV spines in dorsal, seven with Y, and eleven with VI. There are five with 10 dorsal rays, the others having 11 rays. There are three with 14 anal rays, sixteen with 15 rays, and one with 16 rays. There seems to be a true spine in front of the anal and a simple ray in front of the dorsal. Scales range from 43-46 but they cannot be counted with certainty, three of them apparently having 43, thirteen 44, two 45, and two 46. The eyes vary somewhat in relation to interorbital, but this is due doubtless to the action of the preservative. In some instances the eye is very little longer than interorbital width, in others somewhat more so, and in others very much more .so. Some of these specimens have a slightly longer maxillary than others, and some are somewhat darker than others. These latter differences do not seem to be related to anj^ particular variation shown in the other differences mentioned.
Giinther has identified this species, erroneously we believe, with Atherina lacxmosa. It is very close to, if not identical with, Atherina forskalii of Riippell. It agrees with Day's description and figure of A. forskalii.
Atherina uisila Jordan & Seale. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 191)0, 25, p. 21(i, fig. 23.
One specimen No. 09046, 3? inches long from Wotje Atoll, Marshall Islands. Dorsal VI-I, 9; anal I, 12; scales 44 (48).
256 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
MUGILIDAE. Liza caeruleomaculatus (Laiepkde).
Jordan & Seai.e, Bull, l", S. Bun Fish., 190(), 25, p. 217.
Mugil cnenilvomaciihitii^ Lacepeue, Hist. Xat. Poiss., 1S03, 5, p. 385, 386, 389, 392.
Sixteen specimens from Caroline Islands, No. 09090, fifteen specimens 1§ to l| inches long from Moen and one specimen. No. 09020, (ii inches long from Kusaie. Thirty specimens. No. 05818, 2 to 2| inches long from Vavau, Tonga Islands. Sixteen specimens, M. C. Z., 27510, 1 to 2^ inches long, from Tongatabu, Tonga Islands. One specimen M. C. Z. 29532, 2 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. Three specimens. No. 08981 (part) each I5 inches long from Guam.
Liza melinoptera (Cuvier & V.\lenciennes).
Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 190(j, 25, p. 217.
Magil melinnptern Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1836, 11, p. 108 (UC).
Three specimens l\ to li inches long from Tongatalni, Tonga Islands. M. C. Z. 29418 (1 specimen).
Liza troschelii (Bleeker). Mugil troitchelii Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Iiid., IS.'iS, 16, p. 277. Gt'xTHEU, Cat., 1861, 3, |>. 448.
Seventeen specimens, 2| to 4^ inches long and No. 05813, 4 inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands. Thirty specimens, 05814, Ig to 4 inches long from Bora Bora, Society Islands. One specimen, No. 09095, M. C. Z. 29529, 4^ inches long, from Ponapi, Caroline Islands. Five specimens, No. 08933, M. C. Z., 29506, 1 to 2| inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands. Three specimens, Nos. 08884-6, 45 to 5§ inches long, and two specimens, M. C. Z. 29509, 2 and 2i inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. Ten specimens, 5 to 6| inches long, from Aitutaki, Cook Islands. Three specimens Nos. 08877, 08972, 08968, 2i to 8 inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands. Nine specimens. No. 08980, 1 to 2 inches long from Guam. Seventeen specimens from Tonga Islands, M. C. Z. 29479, 1 specimen, 14 specimens, M. C. Z. 29484, 5 to 2| inches long from Eua, Friendly
THE SHORE FISHES. 257
(iroup, and No. Alio, a specimen 9| inches long, No. 05S17, 4^ inches long, No. 08940, 4| inches long.
A 115, has in iijiper lip a single row of outer close set teeth and behind these a band oi slightly smaller teeth, close set and in several series ; anal rays 9; scales 34, 1 1 in transverse series, pectoral j^ale, no axillary spot ; at least the anterior third of anal in advance of soft dorsal.
Liza vaigiensis CQuoy & Gaimard).
Mugil vaigiensis QuoY & Gaimard, \'uy. Uniuit'. Zool., 1S2.5, p. 337, pi. 59, fig. 2. Miigil lonigiensis Jordan & Seale, Bull. II. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 218.
One specimen. No. 08827, 7 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands. Three specimens, Nos. 08843, 08970-71, 2^6 to 3| inches long from Funafuti, Ellice Islands. Eight specimens. No. 09042, M. C. Z. 29478, 2 to 2\ inches long from Marshall Islands. Four specimens No. 08984, M. C. Z. 29473, li to li inches long from Moen, Truk Group, Caroline Islands. ' Ten specimens from Paumotu Islands, seven of them No. 05815, li to 3i inches long from Makemo, and Nos. A28, 8^ inches, A13, M. C. Z. 29785, 8i inches, and A26, 8i inches long from Rangiroa. No. A146, M. C. Z. 29781, a specimen 8 inches long from Suva, Fiji Islands.
In the A numbers the scales are 26 plus a few rudiments, 9 in cross series from front of dorsal to vent; minute wide set teeth in upper jaw in a single series; anal 8; all have black pectorals with lower part pale.
Four specimens from Tonga Islands, one of them. No. 05819, 3 inches long from \'avau, and three specimens li to li inches long from Tongatabu.
Fourteen specimens, No. 09016 (young), M. C. Z. 29531, from Guam.
L. vaigiensis and L. melinopteras are separated only by the numbers of anal rays, the former having eight and 7v. iwe/wopieras having nine. The last anal ray is frequently divided to the base and it is difficult to say whether there are 8 or 9 rays. We do not believe the species different, Giinther (Fische der Siidsee) unites them.
The name vaigiensis has priority.
258 EXPEDITION OF THE " ALHATROSS," 1899-1900.
Liza borneensis (Bleeker).
Miiffil borneensis Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Xcd. Ind., 1S,51, 2, p. '201. D.w, Fishes of India, 1876, p. 357, pi. 76, fig. 1.
One specimen, No. 08810, M. C. Z. 29794, al inches long (poor condition), from Kusaie, Caroline Islands. Three specimens from Vavau, Tonga Islands, No. AI31, 5| inches long; No. 08893, 85 inches long, and No. A120, 111 inches long. No. AI20 has teeth in two rows in upper jaw; dorsal IV-8; anal III, 9; scales 35, II in cross series. Nos. 08810 and A13I, M. C. Z. 29778, show no teeth in upper jaw, the latter has 19 scales before dorsal, a moderately long axillary scale, otherwi.se it agrees very well with Day's description of L. borneensis.
Liza compressa (Gi-nther). Mugil compressus Gunther, Cat., IStil, 3, p. 51.
One specimen. No. 0SS15 (about (i inches long), from Kusaie, Caroline Islands.
Liza crenilabis (Forsk.\l).
Mugil crenilabis Forskal, Descrip. Anim., 1775, p. 73.
Queriinana crenilcibis, Jordan & Seale, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1906, 25, p. 21S.
Four specimens. No. 08981, Ij to I5 inches long from Guam. Four specimens. No. 05816, M. C. Z. 29376, Is to Ig inches long from Makemo, Paumotu Islands.
No. A193, a specimen 81 inches long from Jaluit, Marshall Islands. No. A193 has head 4.66 in body; depth 4.17; eye 4 in head; dorsal IV-I, 8; anal III, 9 or 10; first dorsal midway between snout and base of caudal; origin of anal slightly in advance of dorsal; origin of first dorsal over lOth scale, second over 21st; a long scale in axil of pectoral and in axis of ventral and one on each side of spinous dorsal.
Neomyxus.
The genus Myxus based on M. elongatus Gunther, Cat., 3, 466, has according to Gunther "a single row of teeth on the upper jaw, sometimes in the lower and on the palate; upper lip not particularly thick."
Specimens in the U. S. National Museum from Bateman Bay, N. S. Wales, Australia, called Myxua elongatus, agree in having a moderately thick upper
THE SHORE FISHES. 259
lip, with ;i single row of teeth which are short, compressed and either I'ouiidetl or slightly notched and slightly constricted at the base; lower lip with an outer fringe of fine sinijile cilia and some very much hner, scattered ciliae on its upper surface; man>- lows of small, sharp, curved teeth on vomer and jialatines.
Chaenomugil of (!ill is based on Mugil proboscideus Giinther. The generic characters according to Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1863, p. 169, are: ''the longitudinal cleft of the mouth, the narrow and pointed lower jaw and the thick and angular upper lip"; the last of which is the only one in this description which actually separates it from Myxus.
In Fishes of the Hawaiian Islands, .loidan t^- Evermann give as generic characters of Chaenomugil, "Cleft of mouth lateral; lower jaw narrow; denti- form cilia in very many series, broad fiat and somewhat paved ; upper lip very thick; no adipose eyehd."
Species of Chaenomugil proboscideus in the U. S. National Museum col- lected at Mazatlan by Dr. Jortlan, and probably identified by him, agree in the above characters and differ from Myxus elongatus in having no vomerine or palatine teeth; they also agree with the specific requirements of C. proboscideus as given l)y Giinther.
In Fishes of Hawaiian Islands, .lordaii it Evermann describe and figure a species which they identify as Chaenomugil chapiali and include in its synonymy Myxus {Neomyxus) sclateri Steindachni'r. They give another sjjecies which they identify as Myxus pacificus Steindachfier, but in the synonymy of the genus Myxus they give Neomyxus Steindachner, based on A", sclateri.
Specimens in the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries reserve series, and U. S. National Museum labeled Chaenomugil chapiali from the Hawaiian Islands, being the specimens upon which Jordan & Evermann based their descriptions, agree neither with the generic requirements of Chaenomugil nor Myxus but agree perfectly with Steindachner's description of Myxus (Neomyxus sclateri) in which the rather slcMider labial ciliaform, pectinate, movable teeth are in two rows in each liji with sometimes a portion of a thii-d row indicated. The character of these teeth, so widely different from those of Myxus, and the difference in the number of rows from those of Chaenomugil were indicated by Steindachner as sufficient basis for a new subgenus. We believe it, however, to be of generic value and that Neomyxus is a good genus.
260 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.
In Fishes of Samoa, Jordan & Seale have represented the genus Myxus with one species, M. leuciscus, and Chaenomugil with two species, C. chaptali Eydoux & Souleyet and C. nauticus Bryan & Herre.
In the synonymy of C. chaptali they place Myxus pacificus Steindachner, and in a translation of Steindachner's description by Jordan & Evermaini in Fishes of Hawaii, it is indicated that there are two rows of small movable teeth on the upper lip. Steindachner states that the intermaxillary has a band of small