• ~« ' *'

.. , : '

•l

•

. ®Jtj

i

V

, .

• i

:

'•-*-

'- i '

'

.

I .'I ' *

:•

i

» 1 '

llfliiii

3 "3433 08230977

1

ft v

r f

•

MEMC

UJI

EDITORIAL SUPERVISION OF

> E P U E O (> D E N

MRS. GARRET A.

PATER SON.

MRS. JOSEPH D. '

JERSEY CITV.

MRS. HENRY S. WHti'

RED BANK.

MRS. CRAIG A. MAR - MRS. E. GAYLORD i

ELIZABETH.

MRS. JOHN MOSES

SURT.1 N GT\>

S SARA1 LLI

M E M O R I A C O M P A N Y

N ; R S R Y

* i « •

• •

I I I

I I I

; ! <.

1 ft I

N

i

i i

•

MEMORIAL CYCLOPEDIA

OF

NEW JERSEY

UNDER THE EDITORIAL SUPERVISION OF

MARY DEPUE OGDEN

ADVISORY BOARD

MRS. GARRET A. HOBART, MRS. R. V. W. FAIRCHILD,

PATERSON. PAESIPPANY.

MRS. JOSEPH D. BEDLE, MRS. ANDREW SINNICKSON,

JERSEY CITY. SALEM.

MRS. HENRY S. WHITE, .MISS ELIZABETH STRONG,

RED BANK. NEW BRUNSWICK.

MRS. CRAIG A. MARSH, MISS MARGARET O. HAINES,

PI.AINFIELD. BURLINGTON.

MRS. E. GAYLORD PUTNAM, MISS SARAH NATHALIE DOUGHTY.

ELIZABETH. ATLANTIC CITY.

MRS. JOHN MOSES, MRS. WILLIAM NELSON,

TRENTON. PATERSON.

MRS. MARY ROBESON SMITH,

BELVTDERE.

VOLUME II.

MEMORIAL HISTORY COMPANY NEWARK, NEW JERSEY

1915

)WN.

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

r f € «

* 4 A 4 t

uth, Dr. Coles manifest.

,

MJLM

son oi JJennis ana \ sen) Coles, was born Di at Scotch Plains, Nrv. fersey. Its- was then living on the ancestral farn.. he had inherited, its title-deed ante the Revolution. He was a man of s< integrity, sound judgment, and rare !> taste. He had been for a number oi a printer and editor in Newburg, New of G newspaper — "The Recorder Times." Bound volume; of this pa}* ; preserved and treasured by his son

f * «f • 1 •

€4

* '

him to private study, for at the ag<

enteen he assisted Rev. ]\;

the First Presbyterian Church of P

in his school, as teacher of Latin ar

ematics.

At eighteen years o < had

to study law, and entered the offict Justice Joseph C. Homblower, su

could find a wider field for u the practice of medicine thai: • in less than a year, he left tht a for the medical profession. H- to make himself acquaint?'.! however, never long life, his fcw<V:. knowledge thereof mentioned by Dani Having attended

,fwark, New

" ^Idrtfj were

>-ies, and Miss

•- i»:'?r,estead is still

r his adored wife, in >: ending most of his '« tf>-. -'f schol-

minent physicians He was in Paris

t *

*•'.€ € « t • it

'

V

' •' .

'\ Jv «

%

%

CVCL

COLES, Abr^

son oi DOB- * I* Mil

at Scotch r*'- instate- he taJ !:•-"("••

taste, nt"» a prater anCfl

oi a r,i'>> •'-'••" Time;." E ' presen-ed a»i n him, in what :

• -VJ'i) »'

As a witfc, i1"

him to;: enteen he t-^ti the First Prebjla oLutt ematics.

Atei|ktean» to study In, ud i justice ]«ph C He seems soon ti could find i lift fit practice of a

for the media ; to make himself however, new

mentioned by

be Ezra

I I *

I I 'I

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

COLES, Abraham,

Surgeon, Scholar, Statesman.

Abraham Coles, M. D., Ph. D., LL.D., son of Dennis and Catherine (Van Deur- sen) Coles, was born December 26, 1813, at Scotch Plains, New Jersey. His father was then living on the ancestral farm, which he had inherited, its title-deed antedating the Revolution. He was a man of sterling integrity, sound judgment, and rare literary taste. He had been for a number of years a printer and editor in Xewburg, New York, of a newspaper — "The Recorder of the Times." Bound volumes of this paper were preserved and treasured by his son Abra- ham, in whom he early cultivated his fond- ness for study and for literature.

As a youth, Dr. Coles manifested a dil- igent interest in the acquisition of knowl- edge. His love of learning must have led him to private study, for at the age of sev- enteen he assisted Rev. Mr. Bond, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Plainfield. in his school, as teacher of Latin and math- ematics.

At eighteen years of age, he had resolved to study law, and entered the office of Chief Justice Joseph C. Hornblower, at Newark. He seems soon to have discovered that he could find a wider field for usefulness in the practice of medicine than of law, for, in less than a year, he left the office to study for the medical profession. His resolution to make himself acquainted with law, was, however, never shaken. Throughout his long life, his fondness for the law and his knowledge thereof were recognized and mentioned by Daniel Webster and others.

Having attended lectures at the Univer-

NOTE. — This narrative is from the pen of the late Ezra M. Hunt, M.D., LL.D.

sity and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, and at Jefferson Col- lege, Philadelphia, he graduated at the lat- ter in 1835. Returning to his home, he made a profession of his Christian faith, uniting with the Scotch Plains Church, under the pastorate of the Rev. John Rog- ers. In 1836 he settled, for the practice of the medical profession, in Newark, New Jersey.

Those who knew him in early profession- al life can well recognize how, with his modesty, diffidence and reserve, he should thus far not have revealed the amount of knowledge he had acquired. Yet those who met him were impressed with his command- ing personality, his urbane and quiet dig- nity, and somehow felt themselves in the presence of a superior nature.

Besides thorough preparation in his pro- fession, he evidently had spent much of his time in the study of the classics, and had acquired an accurate knowledge there- of, such as is possessed by those who have by dint of personal effort worked their way into the genius and technicalities of a dead language.

In 1842 he married Caroline E. Acker- man, a good, noble, beautiful and ac- complished daughter of Jonathan C. and Maria (Smith) Ackerman, of New Bruns- wick, New Jersey. The same year he purchased for their home the premises No. 222 Market street, Newark, New Jersey, where their two children were born — Dr. J. Ackerman Coles, and Miss Emilie S. Coles. This homestead is still owned by them.

After the death of his adored wife, in 1848, he went abroad, spending most of his time in hospitals, and in the society of schol- ars and of the most eminent physicians and surgeons of Europe. He was in Paris dur-

< M LOPED] \ OF XKW JKKSKY

ing the Revolution oi Juni , i.S.|K, \\hich

gave him -penal opp for surgical

study.

When I a- a -tuilent entered his office, ), Iii .inled as the most ac-

complished practitioner of Newark, and eminent both fur his pmfe — imial and lit- erary acquirements. I le liad already found his prauice Miiticirnt tu admit a partner, which he did all the more readily her., seeking to secure mure time for literary study, and the indulgence of his taste both in art and literature. He had been favored in and out of his profession with such pe- cuniary success — resulting mostly from ju- dicious investment-, in real estate — as en- abled him tu e< .mimic in practice chiefly for the love of his calling. He was fond of clinical exactness, was often called upon in consultation, especially in surgical cases, and had that conscientious regard for the welfare of his patients which led him care- fully to study and observe, so as to be skill- ful in his treatment and devotedly attentive to those in his charge. In 1854, he again visited Europe. After an absence of seven- teen months, during which he made the con- tinental languages a study, he returned to his practice in Newark. He then devoted himself with increased knowledge and earnestness to professional work, and for many years, with another assistant, contin- ued in the active practice of his profession. In 1862, under the direction of an emi- nent English landscape gardener, he began the laying out and beautifying of seven- teen acres of the ancestral farm at Scotch Plains, selecting for his plantings the choicest varieties of foreign and domestic trees, plants and shrubs. In one portion of this park, he located a reproduction of the famous labyrinth at Hampton Court. near London. In another part, he enclosed a large paddock for' a herd of deer of his own raising. lie built, subsequently, a house of brick and stone and native woods, in harmony with the grounds. In this he resided with his son and daughter, and was

4

a most genial and entertaining host. His large library with its contents was the pc-cial admiration of his many guests. Among the imported copies of antiques on the lawn is one of /Esculapius, and in the house Horatio Stone's marble bust of Har- M ,, and other marbles, bronzes and paint- ings of the different schools by artists of the highest merit. On the highest point i if bis mountain-land opposite his home, he erected a handsome rustic tower, two stories high.

While retiring from the more active du- ties of a general practice, he was for many years daily at his Newark office; and also, as a favor, allowed many of those who liv- ed near his country home, "Deerhurst," to avail themselves of his advice. In fact, it cannot be said that he relinquished practice at all, or allowed his increasing literary dis- tinction and his business duties to interfere with his devotion to his chosen pursuit. He was eminently a physician, amid all other eminence. He delighted in his profes- sion, both as a science and as an art. He felt his calling to be a sacred one. It was a part of his ministry for the Master whom be loved to serve. He lived to assuage pain, and to be courageous in relieving sick- ness and postponing death ; rejoicing in the good he was thus enabled to do for human- ity and for God.

How loyal he was to his profession, amid the greater glow of literary fame and the temptations of wealthy ease, let "The Mi- crocosm" testify. This poetic address of his, as president of the Medical Society of New Jersey in 1866, should be read and re- read by every physician as an inspiration to accurate knowledge, to close analysis, to professional enthusiasm, and to adoring love. It leaves a poor excuse for any of us, if we are not inspired by the theme of our studies, and the object of our life service. It does not ignore that which is material and world-wise, but it crowns it with that which is spiritual and eternal. It shows how we have a mission to fulfill; and how in-

r « * tf * tf 4 44

o

H O

I

I V •

fa*

[ tf « ft

1 tl If

"g

, •

Pw

u m

m

"T] I

CO

• € * € € 4 « t

« f

»• ft.

I la •he f his

:npi<:> of -...•'• • the

rp.3-i: iar-

. he

,:-'\e du w i also,

•<j upon in

. to :t, it

ctice

for !•

I I

I I I

o

'

H

r

TJ

r >

z

c

z

o

z o o

3)

I/I

n

D

n m -7}

I c 3 en

..- 'PUBLIC], - ft

f"

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

tegral and essential Christianity is to those who live to minister to their fellow-men in sickness and in death. As he expresses it in his note as to Vesalius : "The Divine Redeemer, the Incarnate Word, Maker of all things, Lord of life, is Lord also of the Sciences."

In the Physician's edition of "The Micro- cosm," as published by the Appletons, he introduces several illustrations. One is the portrait of Vesalius devoutly engaged in dissection, which he inserts as illustrative of these lines :

Dear God ! this BODY, which, with wondrous art

Thou hast contrived, and finished part by part,

Itself a universe, a lesser all,

The greater cosmos crowded in the small —

I kneel before it, as a thing divine ;

For such as this, did actually enshrine

Thy gracious Godhead once, when Thou didst

make

Thyself incarnate, for my sinful sake. Thou who hast done so very much for me,

0 let me do some humble thing for Thee!

1 would to every Organ give a tongue, That Thy high praises may be fitly sung: Appropriate ministries assign to each, The least make vocal, eloquent to teach.

Another is Rembrandt's well-known "Lesson in Anatomy," which he inserts with the description, beginning thus :

The subject MUSCLES — girded to fulfill The lightning mandates of the sovereign Will — Th' abounding means of motion, wherein lurk Man's infinite capacity for work.

A third is "Harvey Demonstrating to Charles I. his theory of the Circulation of the Blood" :

Make room, my HEART ! that pour'st thyself

abroad, Deep, central, awful mystery of God !

Well may he be called the Physician- Poet ! He received the degree of A. M. from Rutgers College. In 1860 he received the degree of Ph.D. from Lewisburg Uni- versity, and that of LL.D. from Princeton College in 1871.

Dr. Coles had reached such a vigorous old age as still to promise many years of life. In the early Spring (1891), he had the prevailing influenza, which left him with a cough, and some mild symptoms which puzzled him, as they have so many others, but which seemed to give no occa- sion for alarm. As a recreation, he pro- posed a trip to California with his son and daughter and a sister-in-law. They left home April I4th. The trip was a disap- pointing one, for, although his powerful constitution enabled him to go everywhere, his cough defied all treatment, and by rea- son thereof he grew weaker instead of stronger. After a week's stay at the beau- tiful Hotel del Monte, California, where he received every possible courtesy and at- tention, heart complication suddenly set in as a sequel to la grippe. Unable to recline, he calmly realized the serious nature of his symptoms, and with words of Christian faith and love, passed away, (May 3d, 1891), to be, as one of his own hymns so well expresses it — "Ever, my Lord, with Thee."

The funeral of Dr. Coles took place in the commodious Peddie Memorial Church, Newark, New Jersey, May 2Qth, and was largely attended by his medical and literary friends and those in other walks of life who had known him in the various relations he had sustained. Appreciatory letters were received by his family from the Uni- versities of Oxford and Cambridge, Eng- land ; from the Royal Society, London ; from the Academic des Sciences, Paris ; from the home of Tennyson, Isle of Wight ; from the Executive Mansion, Washington, D. C. ; from James Russell Lowell : Oliver Wendell Holmes and others.

The appropriate rendering of Dr. Coles' following hymns by Prof. Bauman, organ- ist, and Mr. Sauvage and the choir, added solemnity to the occasion, and emphasis to the many tributes to Dr. Coles's earnest Christian life:

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

"EVER MY LORD WITH THEE.

TUNE — "Bethany." Ever, my Lord, with Thee, Ever with Thee I

I IIP .null .ill rtrrnity Thy face to see! I count llii- I leaven to be I ,<T, my l.nnl, with Thee!

- Ji-ru-alem,

All of pure gold, Garnished with many a gem

Of worth untold ; I only ask, to be Ever, my Lord, with Thee,

Ever with Thee !

River of Life there flows

\ crystal clear ; The Tree of Life there grows

For healing near ; But this crowns all, to be Ever, my Lord, with Thee,

Ever with Thee!

No curse is there, no night,

No grief, no fear; Thy smile fills Heaven with light,

Dries every tear; What rapture, then to be Ever, my Lord, with Thee,

I \cr with Thee!

"ALL THE DAYS." Original music by W. F. Sherwin.

From Thee, begetting sure conviction, Sound out, O risen Lord ! always,

Those faithful words of valediction "Lo! I am with you all the days."

RIFRAIN. "Lo! I am with you all the days,"

All the days. All the days. "Lo! I am with you all the days."

What things shall happen on the morrow, Thou kimlK hidrst from our gaze:

But tellest us in joy or sorn>\\ "Lo! I am with you all the day-."

REFRAIN.

When round our head the tempest rages, And sink our feet in miry ways ;

Thy voice comes floating down the ages "Lo! I am with you all the day-"

REFRAIN.

O Thou who art our life and meetness, Not death -.hall daunt us nor amaze,

Hearing those words of power and sweetness, "Lo! I am with you all the days."

REFRAIN.

JESU DULCIS MEMORIA (BERNARD OF CLAIRVAUX.)

TUNE — Emmanuel — Ludwig Von Beethoven (Translation by Abraham Coles).

The memory of Jesus' Name

Is past expression sweet : At each dear mention hearts aflame

With quicker pulses beat !

But sweet above all sweetest things

Creation can afford, That sweetness which His presence brings,

The vision of the Lord.

Sweeter than His dear Name is naught ;

None worthier of laud, Was ever sung, or heard, or thought.

Than Jesus, Son of God.

Thou hope, to those of contrite heart ;

To those who ask, how kind ! To those who seek, how good Thou art !

But what to those who find?

No heart is able to conceive.

Nor tongue, nor pen express ; Who tries it only can believe

How choice that blessedness !

"HERE ARE PARTINGS AND PAINFUL FAREWELLS."

TUNE — "The Su<cet By and By."

Here are partings and painful farewells And the sundering of tenderest ties;

In that Heavenly Land where He dwells, God shall wipe away tears from all eyes —

CHORUS.

"In the sweet by and by We shall meet on that beautiful shore."

Here the pilgrim can scarcely discern The reward for the tears that he sheds;

But the ransomed with songs shall return With perpetual joy on their heads —

CHORUS.

"In the sweet by and by We shall meet on that beautiful shore."

The interment was by the side of his wife, in Willow Grove Cemetery, New Brunswick, New Jersey. The grave is

14144 1

f A 4

w

D OF

AA/

r€'4 *

JUT i €4 % <

44 4 « 4 * 14

•V,V

-

TUL

bis

COLES HOMESTEAD

AV

I • •

, ,

I '

I ,

&•

it, bt

Ever, my Lord, v F.ver with The

"ALL THE DWS " Original music by W. p. from Thee, begetting Mire coir

RIFRAIN. 'Lo! I am witli you all th-.- >i.t

he dtys."

REFR M N .

the

..)<rss,

choict i^ar b!c-

The reward f>

The interment w

/e, !.;rs:i]-\vi

! HIS

f 9-

:.f t ff B P » g »---

\

-s&

'*.;

-

THE COLES HOMESTEAD

NO. 222 MARKET STREET. N E WA R K. N E W J E R S E Y

1842 1915

TH

LIB' <• .

A^ i

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

designated by a granite monolith bearing a bronze medallion portrait of Dr. Coles.

This sketch would be incomplete with- out some fuller allusion to his literary 'a- bors, and to the marked traits of his char- acter.

Soon after he settled in Newark, he be- came a contributor to the "Newark Daily Advertiser," and early showed an interest in education, in a public library, in temper- ance movements, and in all objects looking to the welfare of society. Rarely attending any public meetings, he gave expression to his views in an occasional address, and in the columns of the daily journals.

In poetry and prose, his literary taste and learning soon came to be recognized, and he had a local reputation long before he was more generally known.* It was, per- haps, his first translation of "Dies Irse" (1847), that we here quote, that arrested the attention of linguists and scholars throughout the world. It was a difficult task to undertake, as there were several versifications ef it by authors of classical note and learning. As he followed it, from time to time, with sixteen other versions, it was seen what opulence of resource was at his command.

DIES IRAK.

Translation published March 17, 1847, (in the Newark Daily Advertiser').

Day of wrath, that day of burning, All shall melt, to ashes turning, As foretold by seers discerning.

O what fear shall it engender

When the Judge shall come in splendor.

Strict to mark and just to render.

Trumpet scattering sounds of wonder, Rending sepulchers asunder, Shall resistless summons thunder.

*The catalogues of many of the libraries of Europe, especially those of Oxford and Cam- bridge, England, show the possession of one or more of the published works of Dr. Abraham Coles.

All aghast then Death shall shiver And great Nature's frame shall quiver. When the graves their dead deliver.

Book where every act's recorded,

All events all time afforded,

Shall be brought and dooms awarded.

When shall sit the Judge unerring, He'll unfold all here occurring, No just vengeance then deferring.

What shall I say that time pending? Ask what Advocate's befriending When the just man needs defending?

King almighty and all knowing, Grace to signers freely showing ' Save me, Fount of good o'erflowing.

Think, O Jesus, for what reason

Thou endurest earth's spite and treason,

Nor me lose in that dread season.

Seeking me Thy worn feet hasted, On the cross Thy soul death tasted, Let such labor not be wasted.

Righteous Judge of retribution, dram me perfect absolution Ere that day of execution.

Culprit-like, I, heart all broken,

On my cheek shame's crimson token,

Plead the pardoning word be spoken.

Thou who Mary gav'st remission, Heard'st the dying Thief's petition, Cheer'st with hope my lost condition.

Though my prayers do nothing merit, What is needful, Thou confer it, Lest I endless fire inherit.

Mid the sheep a place decide me, And from goats on left divide me, Standing on the right beside Thee.

When th' accursed away are driven.

In eternal burnings given,

Call me with the bless'd to Heav'n.

I beseech Thee, prostrate lying, Heart as ashes, contrite, sighing, Care for me when I am dying.

On that awful day of wailing Human destinies unveiling. When man rising stands before Thee, Spare the culprit ; God of Glory.

Rev. Dr. Philip Schaff, in his recent work, "Literature and Poetry," says, "A

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

physician, Abraham Coles, has made of the 'Dies Ira;' seventeen versions, which show a rare fertility and versatility, and illustrate the possibilities of versification without al- tering the sense." "In the eleventh stanza of his first translation of 1847, he had an- ticipated Irons, Peries, Dix and Mills. * * Other rhymes are borrowed from Dr. Colc-s."

His translations of various other Latin hymns, as contained in his volume, "Latin Hymns with Original Translations," will ever be the admiration of scholars. "The Evangel," and "The Light of the World.' give the Gospel story of our Lord in verse, with notes full of devotion and learning. His great love to Christ was his crowning excellence.

John G. Whittier says : "Dr. Coles is a born hymn writer. He has left us, as a leg- acy of inestimable worth, some of the sweetest of Christian hymns. His 'All the Days' and his 'Ever with Thee' are immor- tal songs. It is better to have written them than the stateliest of epics. No man living or (lead has so rendered the text and the spirit of the old and wonderful Latin hymns."

While these studies show his profound learning in the Greek and Latin languages, it is only when we look to the studies of his last years, in "A New Rendering of the Hebrew Psalms into English Verse," that we come to know of his knowledge of Ori- ental languages : of the vast realms of schol- arship he had explored. But his stately and commanding prose has almost been obscur- ed by his poetry. The marvel of all his books is in their introductions and notes. Whole folios of recondite learning are opened up in modest foot-notes, and the reader knows he is in company with one who has been delving and digging in the richest mines of unexplored knowledge. His sharp, quick sentences of introduction, and the grasp which he shows of his theme, are at once an admiration and a surprise.

His style has individuality as much as

8

that of Dr. Johnson or of Thomas Carlyle. One constantly sees how thoughts sublime find expression in terse and stately senten- ces, and how words are chosen such as come out of the depths of inspiration and genius. There is not conformity to the style of any favorite author, or to the modes of thought of any formal logician, but a forging of weighty words, wrought out from the depths of great inner feelings and conceptions. Others will more fully ana- lyze these mementoes of his greatness, but we, as physicians, may well linger in admir- ation, and rejoice that one of our own Soci- ety should have thus adorned a literature already rich in contributions from those educated in medical science, and proficient in medical art.

But the crown of all was his wonderful character. He did everything with con- scientious precision and thoroughness ; he was always after the depth of things. How he would sometimes work over the word- ing of a line, and then over a note that brought out its fullest meaning. So, too, he worked in his profession.

His respectful bearing toward all had its seat in a profound reverence. He was rev- erent of humanity because of his intense reverence for God and all His works. He studied nature and the Bible and the inner consciousness of the spiritual life with the same majestic, adoring insight. He was not religious by an effort. "I have," says Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, "always consider- ed it a great privilege to enjoy the friend- ship of so pure and lofty a spirit ; a man who seemed to breathe holiness as his na- tive atmosphere, and to carry its influences into his daily life."

Had he not been a poet, he would have been painter, or musical composer, because in no other way could his adoring enthus- iasm have found symmetrical expression.

\Yhen he issued a book, its typographical execution must be complete. He visited the great picture galleries of Europe, and at large expense selected the choicest speci-

I

44444 i * *

4 4 ^ « t « < i

i '4 4

•A.*

€ *

i * < •! n *i

t € € « « C «

I I I

I I *

al Trail-. m of scholar.

Light of the

of our Lord in v<

!<.<•'•. tion and leari

John G. Whittier says : "Dr. Coles is a born hymn writer. He has left u-. n* a leg- acy of inestimable worth, soim

tal si-i.kC-. ' i- letter r. have wntten them than the stateliest of epics. No man living; or dead has so rendered the icrt anil me spirit of the old and wonderful Latin hymns."

While thoip studies show his profound learning in the Greek and Latin languages.

Hebrc

,fie deft':

memento'

. phy.-icians, r

-, ejoice that on<e

. e thus ad-

i contribu

rdical scitv

art.

all v

1 i;d ev! scientions precision and

and then

.-. f.v t\ as u-ahon and .ny to the .-. the modes nan, but a ••ought out eelings and

fully ana- fatness, but

•>rned a literature

tic-: if. from those :ce, and proficient

i-a." his wonderful vthing with con- thoroughness : he h of things. How k over the word- over a note that meaning. So, too.

;stic, adoring

ly and ed it a great privilege to

in he del un

wt

an

His respectful bearing toward all had its .seat in a. profound re1 FTe was rev-

erent of humanity because of his intense reverence for God and all His works. He studied nature -md the Bible and the inner

:io with the He was not ve." says Dr. ays consider- iy the friend- , >i rit ; a man who seemed \r- breathe holiness as his na- tive atmosphere, and to carry its influences

Had he not been a poet, he would have been lamrer, or music?.! composer, because

and the grasp When he issued a book, its t>

Tie, are at once execution must be complete. H

great picture galleries of Eun

ty as much as large expense selected the chc

8

'•'M

.

H I

n

z o

o

o

2

RA-RY

ASFOR. LJ-

•

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

mens of ancient art to illustrate his themeo. These gave expression to his character not less than to his taste.

When he wrote hymns it was because the inner music of his soul had to be set to met- rical expression. He was a genius, but it was chiefly character and life that flowed out through his writings.

He became familiar with little children easier than with all others, because in them he saw more of nature, and more of faith, hope and charity.

He believed in his profession, because in it he realized the possibilities of high science and applied art for the uses of hu- manity, and so could be co-worker with the Great Physician who went about doing good. We cherish his memory because we cherish skill, character, usefulness, and re- joice in having such a model. Such lives do not die, but live as incentives for those of all the ages. Wre cannot reach his fame, but we can imitate his devotion to knowl- edge, his reverence for life and goodness, his desire for usefulness, his holy faith, his humble affection for the good, the beau- tiful, the true.

The invaluable large painting that hangs in the State House at Trenton, New Jer- sey, has a very interesting history, as re- corded in the following letter of March 29, 1897, addressed to the Hon. John W. Griggs, LL.D., while Governor of New Jersey, by Dr. J. A. Coles, in which he say? :

"I am the owner of the celebrated oil painting, known as 'The Good Samaritan,' by our distin- guished American artist Daniel Huntingdon. The picture, with its frame, measures about nine feet in width, by eleven feet in height. It was exe- cuted by Daniel Huntington in his studio in Paris, France, in the years 1852-3. in illustration of the second great commandment of the Law, 'Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.' Here, with wonderful skill, is vividly portrayed the arrival at the inn, and the respectful attention given to the orders of 'The Good Samaritan.' Mr. Hunt- ington informs me that while engaged on this painting he was visited in his studio by Paul Dela- foche, the eminent historical painter of France, who took a deep interest in the progress of his

work, .and by friendly suggestions as to detail, color, etc., rendered him much assistance, a cir- cumstance which adds immensely to the value of this picture, as it may be regarded as the joint work of these two great master minds. After its completion, requiring several months, it was af- ter attracting much attention in Paris, sent to this country, exhibited at the National Academy, then on Broadway, and formed one of the chief attractions at the Sanitary Fair Exhibition of Paintings held in Fourteenth Street, New York City, during the late civil war.

"Mr. Huntington, having learned that I con- templated giving this picture through you to the people of New Jersey, in memory of my father, wrote to me a few weeks ago, suggesting that I should first send the canvas to his studio, in New York City, and leave it with him for a month, in order that he might retouch and restore any in- juries done to it by the hand of time. This I have done and Mr. Huntington has not only gone over the whole canvas, but has, at the suggestion and request of friends, introduced a portrait of him- self, as the host of the inn, a very valuable addi- tion. I have, also, had the artistic and beautiful frame relaid with the best of gold leaf.

"Upon receipt of word from you that as a gift, the painting will be acceptable to the State I will, as soon as practicable, at my own expense, send it to Trenton, and have it hung in the place deemed most suitable for its reception in the cap- itol, a building associated with pleasant meetings therein of my father, the late Abraham Coles, M. D., Ph. D., LL. D., with his friends, some of whom are still living, while the portraits of others adorn the walls. It is with special pride I recall the recorded words of the late Governor Haines, and those of the late Henry Woodhull Green, Chief Justice and Chancellor, who in referring to the life and writings of Dr. Abraham Coles, af- firm that 'to him the world owes a debt of grati- tude for his labor and research, which redound to the honor of our State.' Awaiting your reply, I am with great respect, Yours sincerely,

T. A. COLES.

Governor Griggs' reply was as follows :

"State of New Jersey, Executive Department Dr. J. Ackerman Coles :

"My Dear Sir : — I have the honor to acknowl- edge the receipt of your esteemed favor of the 2gth inst, tending to the State of New Jersey, the painting known as the "The Good Samaritan." I assure you nothing would delight me more than to accept at your hands such a valuable gift on behalf of the people of the State. The picture will be accorded the best hanging that can be se-

( YCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

1 f,,r ii in ill- State House. IVrmit me to

••ay that y>ur genero itj .mil (.'noilness to your

nf tho highest appre-

i-i;ilii.ii i. ii liehalf of th< people, and when the pic- tun -hull have l» •' K rei ' ived, I hope to express to >oii 111 a mon fnrin:.! way, tile thanks and grati- nide ,,i ilivc for your generous donation.

nvenience to for- ward tin picture, it will In- received and cared for with all the consideration it deserves. sincerely

"JOHN \V. GKIGC.S, Governor."

A spinal in tla- "\i-\v York Sun," dated Trcniiiii. linn- ii. iS<>7, said: "David Ilnntington'^ painting, 'The Good Samari- tan.' wa- removed to the t'apitol this morn- "llarper'- \\'eekly" referred to New |cr-(\ as getting "an admirable painting in memory of a good and distinguished citi zen."

From tile librarian, Mr. Ainsworth Ran.l Spofford, LL.D., Dr. J. A. Coles received the following letter:

"I.ihrary of Congress. Washington, D. C. "l>r;ir Sir: — I have your much esteemed favor, proffering as a gift a life size bronze bust of Washington by lloudon. to be preserved in the new library building in memory of your father. This generous offer is fully appreciated and will he communicated to the joint committee of both houses of Congress on the Library when organ- ized Meanwhile. I am authorized to receive the gift to be assigned an honorable and appropri- ate place in the new building of the Library of Congress now completed. Permit me to express my high sense of the literary value of Dr. Abra- ham Coles' fine translations of Latin mediaeval hymns and other works "

"To the Hall of Marble Statuary in the Metropolitan Mu-eum of Art. \e\v York." the 'New York Evangelist" say-:

"Dr. J. Ackerman Coles, of Newark, who has added so largely to the art treasures of his na- tive city, has made a couple of valuable memorial giftv One gift is the f:,mm^ statue, known as 'The Promised I .ami.' executed in Carrara marble

I the celebrated American sculptor. Franklin Simmons, at Rome. Italy, in 1874. A beautiful ideal life-size female figure, gracefully robed, is designed to represent the earnest longing of the spirit for The Promised Laud.' The Better Coun- try.' 'The Celestial City of Zion.' Upon the plinth of the statue, which rests upon an elegantly pan-

eled octagonal pedestal of dark Spanish marble are inscribed four lines of the mediaeval Latin hymn 't'rbs Coelestis Sion' by St. Bernard of Cluny, with its translation by the late Dr. Abra- ham Coles; the hymn and the translation being well known to scholars throughout the literary world. Daniel Huntington. the second Vice-Presi- dent of the Museum and Chairman of the Com- mittee on Sculpture, in recommending its accept- ance as a gift by the board of trustees, wrote 'I am greatly pleased with the statue.' It has a re- fined and spiritual character, as well as artistic grace and beauty.'

"The other memorial gift is a Carrara marble- copy by P. Barzanto of Florence, Italy, of the an- tique statue 'Venus de Medici,' it being one of the very few signed copies ever executed in marble, other copies possessed by museums of art being plaster casts. The original statue, it will be re- membered, was found in the seventeenth century, and was taken to Rome, and deposited in the Me- dici Palace, whence it took its name. About the year 1680 it was carried by order of Cosmo III to Florence. In 1/96 Napoleon Bonaparte sent it, with other works of art to France, and had it placed in the Louvre at Paris. Here it remained until 1815, when it was returned to Italy, and is now the chief treasure in the Tribune of the Uf- fizi gallery at Florence. It is of Parian marble, and was executed by Cleomenes, the Athenian, the son of Apollodorus, who flourished between 200 to 150 B. C. From its exquisite proportions and perfection of contour, it has become the most celebrated standard of female form extant. The following rules obtained by measurements of Greek statues are adopted by sculptors. "First — As to height, tastes differ, but the Venus de Med- ici is about five feet and five inches in height. This is held by many sculptors and artists to be the most admirable stature for a woman. For a woman of this height, one hundred and thirty- eight pounds is the proper weight, and if she be well formed she can stand another ten pounds without greatly showing it. When her arms are extended, she should measure from tip of middle finger to tip of middle finger just five feet and' five inches, exactly her own height. The length of her hand should be just a tenth of that, and her foot just .a seventh, and the diameter of her chest a fifth. From her thighs to the ground she should measure just what she measures from the thighs to the top of the head. The knee should come ex- actly midway between the thigh and the heel. The diMance from the elbow to the middle finger should be the same as the distance from the el- bow to the middle of the chest. From the top of the head to the chin should be just the length of the foot, and there should be the same distance

10

.

H

"0

z z >

D CD

m

O

13

< -

:

r V « « ft *

ft 4 f ri M 4 tf «

•ft

ft ft

• ft ft

« ft

blc

'•-ii'va! Latin

. nard of

n. '.••• -.Vic !:<te \)r. Abra-

tn year Flort

ated standard

, ing nii

: .'tatues are sj lieight, tastes c about five fe<

Dr. Abra-

vn!

.irmao • the Com- N;'.".<ding it:- accept -

; 'lustees, wrote 'I utne ' It has a re-

*.' well as artistic

s » Carrara marble iialy, of the an-

. (••<• ing one of the- •(.•d in marbie, H'-jnis of art being .it .•?. it will be re- •••.•••rtwnth century, :?'X-ited in the Me- ' name About the ier of Cosmo III to

I' .raparte sent it, France; and had it Here it remained lied to Italy, and is Tribune of the Uf- i of Parian marble, enes, the Athenian,

flourished between; xquisite proportions AS become the most

form extant. The- - measurements of sculptors. "First — t!ic Venus de " •:• inches in height, rs and artists to be r a woman. For a I'.ip'ired and thirty- and if she be

n

o

H

n

v1

^,

I Z

0

(0

[ J z r

r I r )

<l

tier arms are tip of middle five feet and1

The

w to the he distanc< ; chest. Fi

IO

I I I I I I I

i

H I m

01

n

o

H

n

~0 r" >

E w

z -z.

> '<-

2.

z

•2.

D DD

O

z n 2 O

r

"D

(n

i

0

c

U)

n

•

PUBLIC LIB,'

ASK

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

between the chin and the armpits. The waist measures twenty-four inches, and the bust thirty four inches, if measured under the arms, and forty-three if over them. The upper arm should measure thirteen inches and the wrist six. The calf of the leg should measure fourteen and one- half inches, the thigh twenty-five and the ankle eight. There is another system of measurements which says that the distance twice around the thumb, should go once around the wrist ; twice around the wrist once around the throat ; twice around the throat, once around the waist, and so on.

"As for coloring and shape, here is the code laid down by the Arabs, who say that a woman should have these things : black hair, eyebrows, lashes and pupils ; white skin, teeth, and globe of the eye; red tongue, lips and cheeks; round head, neck, arms, ankles and waist; long back, fingers, arms and limbs ; large forehead, eyes and lips ; narrow eyebrows, nose and feet ; small ears, bust and hands."

The copy, with its marble pedestal like the one owned by the Duke of Devonshire, at Chatsworth, England, is pure white with- out flaw or blemish and is an invaluable ad- dition to the Museum of Art. Soon after its proffer to the Museum, General Louis P. D. Cesnola, secretary and director, wrote to Dr. Coles :

"I have the honor to inform you that upon the recommendation of the committee on sculpture, the Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art have accepted your gift, and have instructed their executive committee to convey to you an expres- sion of their thanks for your generosity. In do- ing so I may be permitted to add that their thanks will be constantly hereafter repeated by the people to whose enjoyment and instruction the Museum of Art is devoted, and to which your gift is a valuable contribution. With high regards, I re- main, very sincerely yours."

In appreciation of these gifts Dr. Coles was elected a Fellow of The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

By means of the gift of the shares of stock of the Newark Library Association owned by Dr. Abraham Coles, and given in his memory by his son, the Mew Jersey Historical Society secured control and own- ership of its present handsome brick and

>t<ino building on Park street, Newark, New jersey.

As regards "The Microcosm," from which work we give a few extracts, "The Newark Daily Advertiser" says:

"The Microcosm is the only book of the kind in the language, and is well deserving a place in every library, and might, we think, moreover, be introluced with advantage into all schools where physiology is taught as an adjunct, if nothing else, to stimulate interest, and relieve the dryness of ordinary text books. In lines of flowing and easy verse, the author sets forth with a completeness certainly remarkable, and with great power and beauty, the incomparable marvels of structure and function of the human body."

MAN SUPREME.

O thou, made up of every creature's best, The summing up and monarch of the rest ! Thy high-raised cranium, — vaulted to contain The big and billowy and powerful brain. While that a scanty thimbleful, no more, Belongs to such as swim or creep or soar ; Thy form columnar, sky-ward looking face,* Majestic mien, intelligence and grace, Thy foot's firm tread, and gesture of thy hand Proclaim thee ruler, destined to command. A little lower than the angels made. Dominion, glory, worship on thee laid, I praise not thee, but honor and applaud The handiwork and masterpiece of God. Fearful and wonderful, and all divine. Where two worlds mingle, and two lives com- bine—

A dual body, and a dual soul, Touching eternity at either pole — The tides of being, circling swift or slow, 'Tween mystic banks that ever overflow. Exist not severed from the Fountain-head. But whence they rise, eternally are fed : Our springs are all in God; from Him we drink, Live, move, and have our being, feel and think.

FLESH GARMENT— SKIN. ITS MORAL

CHARACTER.

How beautiful, and delicate, and fresh, Appear the Soul's Habiliments of Flesh ! How closely fitting, easy yet, and broad, Each Tissue woven in the loom of God ! Compared with that magnificence of dress, Wherewith is clothed the Spirit's nakedness,

*"Pronaque cum spectant animalia cxtera terram, Os homini sublime dedit : coelumque videre Jussit. et erectos ad sidera tollere vultus." — Ovid.

II

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

O how contemptible and mean a thing. The purple and fine linen of :i king! 1 1,,. |,,,ti, ire turi oi th< dky SKIN, Outside of all, and covering all within, \Viih what a marvellous and matchless grace, Is it disposed and moulded to each place; Bounding and beautifying brow and breast, A crowning loveliness to all the rest! Endowed with wondri u properties of soul I hat interpenetrate and till tin whole — A. raiment, moral, maidenly and white, Shame. 1 at ea. h breach of decency and right, When- dwells a charm above the charms of sense, Suggestive of the soul's lost innocence.

PATHOGNOMY.

\Vlm ha-, not seen that Feeling, born of flame. Crimson tin- check at mention of a name? The rapturous touch of some divine surprise

;i ion of celestial dyes; When ban, I h ped hands, and lips to lips were

pressed, And the heart's sei ret was at once confessed?

VOLUNTARY MUSCLES.

The subject MUSCLES — *girded to fulfil The lightning mandates of the sovereign Will — Th' abounding means of motion, wherein lurk Man's infinite capacity for work; By which, as taste or restless nature bids, i.-ars the Parthenon or Pyramids; i lieven , ,; - of the plastic art.

Fulfils th' ambitious purpose of his heart;

i grace outrivaling his own. Charm I eyes — the poetry of stone;

- mbols liis faith, as in Cathedrals — vast Religious petrifactions of the Past:

e land with cities; makes all seas White with the sails of countless argosies; 1'" ' ear back with all her waves,

And from her haughty sw,ay a kingdom saves; Tunnels hirh mountains, Erebus unbars, And through it rolls the thunder of his cars; With stalwart arm, defends down-trodden right, And, like a whirlwind, sweeps the field of fight; And when, at la-;, the war is nvide to cease,

*Some authors reckon the number of Muscles in the Human P.ody as high as 527. They have been divided into 1'nlnntary (forming the red flesh, or the main bulk of the body) ; Involuntary, such as the heart, fleshy fibres of the stomach. etc.; and Mixed, such as the muscles of respira- tion, etc. Each Muscle is made up of an indefi- nite number of fibres, which may he considered as so many muscles in miniature, along which stream the currents of the Will Vet with all thi- com- plex apparatus everything is in har-

On firm foundations stablishes a peace;

Then barren wastes with nodding harvests sows,

And makes the desert blossom as the rose.

MUSCULAR DYNAMICS — DIRECTING POWER WHERE?

Bundles of fleshy fibres without end, Along the bony Skeleton extend In thousand-fold directions from fixed points To act their several parts upon the Joints ; Adjustments nice of means to ends we trace, With each dynamic filament in place ; But where's the Hand that grasps the million

reins Directs and guides them, quickens or restrains?

See the musician, at his fingers' call, All sweet sounds scatter, fast as rain-drops fall ; With flying touch, he weaves the web of song. Rhythmic as rapid, intricate as long. Whence this precision, delicacy and ease? And where's the Master that defines the keys?

The many-jointed Spine, with link and lock To make it flexible while secure from shock, Is pierced throughout, in order to contain The downward prolongation of the brain ; From which, by double roots, the NERVES* arise — One Feeling gives, one Motive Power supplies ; In opposite directions, side by side, With mighty swiftness there two currents glide — Winged, head and heel, the Mercuries of Sensef Mount to the regions of Intelligence ;

*For the benefit of the general reader, presum- ably not familiar with anatomical details, we may state that there are 43 pairs of nerves in all, i. e. 12 Cranial or Encephalic and 31 Spinal. The first have only one root in the brain, whilst the latter arise by two roots from the anterior and posterior halves of the spinal marrow, but unite immediate- ly afterwards to form one nerve. Division of the anterior root causes loss of motion — of the pos- terior the loss of sensation. The first transmit vo- litions from the brain, the latter sensitive impres- sions to the brain.

•j-Helmholtz has instituted experiments to de- termine the rapidity of transmission of the ner- vous actions. For sensation the rate of movement assigned is one hundred and eighty to three hun- dred feet per second. Muscular contraction, or shortening of the muscular fibre, takes place, at times, with extreme velocity; a single thrill, in the letter R.. can be pronounced in the l-3O,oooth part of a minute. There are insects whose wings strike the air thousands of times in a minute. The force of contraction (Myodynamis) is most re- markable in some of these. In birds, the absolute power in proportion to the weight of the body is as 10.000 to i.

12

.

I

*

I €

r i

•

o

I

"0

—I [—

I >

n —

*S

w -£

z

0)

5

m

2

0)

I

I o c w n

SB

* * %

4 f

'«.*

A »

•JTrnJI Jl

• <

I 4

* €'

m m m

^ ^

ows,

DIRECTING

•ints : the Joir

Adju 'race,

hmu- as rapid, intn.

. ision, i

the Master

jointed Spi'

right,

>t a mini the -,ir

thai grasps the million

, quickens or restrains? .» fingers' call,

fait as rain-drops fall; •sves the web of song,

klic.M.i and ease?

ihst defines the keys? ie. with link and lock

• secure from shock. i ".rd-. r to corn ition of the brain ; •> T-, the NERVES* arise —

e Power supplies; icie by side,

ticre two currents glide — the Mercuries of Sensef

Intelligence ;

• general reader, presum- tai mical details, w,e may

isrs of nerves in all, i. e.

and 51 Spinal. The first ie brain, whilst the latter •>r- anterior and posterior -O--V, but unite immediate- ic nerve. Division of the s of motion — of the pos- >n. The first transmit vo- »e latter sensitive impres-

:uted experiments to de- transmission of the ner- tiou the rate of movement and eighty to three hun- Muscular contraction, or •tlar fibre, takes place, at locity; a single thrill, in mounced in the i-3o,ox>th E are insects whose wings The

n - , z

3 - 0>

of the body is

I I I I »

1 « I I I

H DC

n

o o

H O I

T)

H I~ I > m —

> g

i/i

w -?•

m

n

z

CD -s-

r O

o >

0)

o

c en n

ASl^

»

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

Instant as light, the nuncios of the throne Command the Muscles that command the Bone.

Each morning after slumber, brave and fresh, The Moving Army of the Crimson Flesh, From fields of former conquests, marching comes To the grand beating of unnumbered drums — § Each martial Fibre pushing to the van To make "I will" the equal of "I can" ; Testing the possibilities of power In deeds of daring suited to the hour; Doing its utmost to build up the health And glory of the inner Commonwealth.

Levers and fulcra everywhere we find. But where's the great Archimedean Mind, That on some POU STO,* outside and above, Plants its firm foot this living world to move?

CRANIUM— SOUL'S FIRMAMENT— BRAIN

Find it we shall, if anywhere we can, Doubtless, in that high Capitol of man, Whose Spheric Walls, concentric to the cope, Were built to match the nature of his Hope. What seems the low vault of a narrow tomb, Is the Soul's sky, where it has ample room; As apt through this, its crystalline, to pass, As though it were diaphanous as glass. When Sense is dark, it is not dark, but light. Itself a sun, that banishes the night, Shedding a morning, beauteous to see, On the horizon of Eternity. Strange, a frail link and manacle of BRAIN So long below suffices to detain A principle, so radiant and high, So restless, strong, and fitted for the sky.

HEARING— POWERS OF SOUND— MUSIC OF NATURE.

Within a bony labyrinthean cave, Reached by the pulse of the aerial wave, This sibyl, sweet, and mystic Sense is found. Muse, that presides o'er all the Powers of Sound. Viewless and numberless, these everywhere Wake to the finest tremble of the air ; Now from some mountain height are heard to

call;

Now from the bottom of some waterfall ; Now faint and far, now louder and more near, With varying cadence musical and clear ; Heard in the brooklet murmuring o'er the lea ; Heard in the roar of the resounding sea ; Heard in the thunder rolling through the sky ; Heard in the little insect chirping nigh ;

§The heart and arteries.

*Archimedes used to say, "Give a place where I may stand (dos pou sto) and I can move the world."

The winds of winter wailing through the woods;

The mighty laughter of the vernal floods;

The rain-drops' showery dance and rhythmic

beat,

With twinkling of innumerable feet; Pursuing echoes calling 'mong the rocks; Lowing of herds, and bleating of the flocks; The tender nightingale's melodious grief; The sky-lark's warbled rapture of belief — Arrow of praise, direct from Nature's quiver, Sent duly up to the Almighty Giver.

WOMAN— SEX— UNITY IN DIFFERENCE.

O loving Woman, man's fulfillment sweet, Completing him not otherwise complete! How void and useless the sad remnant left Were he of her, his nobler part bereft! Of her who bears the sacred name of Wife, The joy and crown and glory of his life, The Mother of his Children, whereby he Shall live in far off epochs yet to be. Conjoined but not confounded, side by side Lying so closely nothing can divide; A dual self, a plural unit, twain, Except in sex, to be no more again; Except in Sex — for sex can nought efface, Fixed as the granite mountain on its base — But not for this less one, away to take This sweet distinction were to mar not make. Dearer for difference in this respect, As means of rounding mutual defect. Woman and Man all social needs include ; Earth filled with men were still a solitude. In vain the birds would sing, in vain rejoice, Without the music of her sweeter voice. In vain the stars would shine, 'twere dark the

while

Without the light of her superior smile. To blot from earth's vocabularies one Of all her names were to blot out the sun.

LOVE OF THE SEXES— ENDS ANSWERED

O wondrous Hour, supremest hour of fate, When first the Soul discerns its proper Mate, By inward voices known as its elect — Distanced by love, and infinite respect, Fairer than fairest, shining from afar, Throned in the heights, a bright particular star The glory of the firmament, the evening sky Glad with the lustre of her beaming eye. Young Love, First Love, Love, haply, at First

Sight.

Smites like the lightning, dazzles like the light; Chance meeting eyes shoot forth contagious

flame,

Sending the hot blood wildly through the frame. By strange enchantment violently strook,

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

The t"t;il being rushes with a lix>k; A beauty never seen before, except some gleams I'lirpliiiK the atmosphere of blissful dreams, Wakens rare raptures and sensations IH-W,

..ul and body thrilling through and through. Says age Experience, sighing o'er the past, '] h.'M- dear illusions will not always last ; I ,,[ beauts fades and disappointment clings In the n-ality of human things. It may be so — it may be, lover's sight Surveying all things by love's purple light, Ser., not the faults possession shall disclose, Nor the sharp thorn concealed beneath the rose. But if thus Nature her great ends attain The pomps of fancy dazzle not in vain. The pleasing falsehood of perfection flits, But not the Love, that in contentment sits Among the Dear Ones of its happy Home, Blest with sweet foretastes of the Heaven to

come.

Deciduous charms of face unmissed depart, \\lnle bloom the fadeless beauties of the heart; Inward conformity, and gradual growth

•,.>ral likeness, tightening bonds of both, . t the marriage, which was but begun

that day they were pronounced one.

TRUE LOVE.

Let Love but enter, it converts the churl, And makes the miser lavish as an earl;

-trict walls of his prison, giving way, Fall outward and let in the light of day; !'. ed from l>:ise captivity to pelf.

ipwanK soars into a nobler self; And hands, that once did nought but clutch and

hoard \*.m emulate the bounty of the Lord;

up a mirror, that reflects the face ii.' !im whose heart is love and man-ward grace.

I >n the afternoon of July 5, 1897, Mayor Seymour presiding. there was unveiled in Washington Park, Newark, New Jersey, tin' heroic size bnni/e portrait bust of Dr. \liraham Coles, the work of the peerless sculptor John Quincy Adams Ward. The |icdcMal consists of a monolith of imperial graniir. which has for its base a granite boulder weighing about seven tons, which was obtained for the purpose at much ex- pense and trouble from near the landing place of the Pilgrim Father-, at Plymouth. Massachusetts. The whole is enclosed h<- monoliths ,,f (Juincy granite, fourteen feet long, bolted into corner posts from near the

Sea of Tiberias, Galilee, Palestine, obtain- ed through the courtesy and agency of the Rev. Edwin T. Wallace, A. M., our consul at Jerusalem. On the front face of the ped- estal, cast in bronze, is the following hymn by Dr. Coles : —

THE ROCK OF AGES.

Isaiah xxvi — 4. A NATIONAL SONG OF PRAISE.

Let us to Jehovah raise Glad and grateful songs of praise. Let the people with one voice In the Lord their God rejoice! For His mercy standeth fast And from age to age doth last.

He across untraversed seas Guided first the Genoese, Here prepared a dwelling place For a freedom loving race ; For His mercy standeth fast And from age to age doth last.

Filled the land the red man trod With the worshipers of God ; When oppression forged the chain Nerved their hands to rend in twain. For His mercy standeth fast And from age to age dost last.

Gave them courage to declare What to do and what to dare; Made them victors over wrong In the battle with the strong. For His mercy standeth fast And from age to age doth last.

'Midst the terror of the fight, Kept them steadfast in the right; Taught their statesmen how to plan To conserve the Rights of man. For His mercy standeth fast And from age to age doth last.

Needful skill and wisdom lent To establish Government. Laid foundations resting still On the granite of His will. For His mercy standeth fast And from age to age doth last.

Wiped the scandal and the sin From the color of the skin ; Now o'er all, from sea to sea Floats the Banner of the Free. For His mercy standeth fast And from age to age doth last.

.

4 M tt

•V

•v	CO
	c
	U)
	H
	to
	c_
	P
ID	<
Z	3]
Q	O
H	O
O	T)
2	)>
"Q	CD
tn	IE
<	O
>	O
^	m
c.
	b

*

i •

iQOCOOC

n W d

*#*

€ € € ft t < « ft ft ^

obtain :ticy of : ., our consul

..'<NO OF PRAISE.

ih raise

: s'."!g- <>f prais Let the people with .TIC --oice In the I-ord their <

«VITC pi

hurl, as an earl;

tin.- ;itu

ard grace. f, Mayor

He across untra^eful seas first the Gtnoest,

red a dwelling place . dom loving race; jsrc> stinricth hit ige to age doth Us?.

the land the red thai" d. With the worshipers of God , When oppression forged the ch; Nerved their hands to rend in For His mercy standeth fast And from age ,to age dost last

< lu-i e them What to d Made thei In the bal For His n And from

e to declare riiat to dare; rs over wrong i rhe strong, andeth fast ;e doth last.

'Midst the terror of the fight. Kept them steadfast in the right; Taught ihcir statesmen how to plan To coni<Tvr the Rights of man. For His mercy standeth fast \nri from age to age doth last.

: ivU'Jom lent

- :

: -

•i-il I"!

.-.:\A foundations resting still >n the granite of His will, •'or His mercy standeth fast ^nd from age to age doth last.

The whole

For And

I I I

,

L » ft

11

c

U!

H

CD

c_

z p > ^

<n Z i >

S?

H O O ">] z >

Tl

Z

m

3

r r b

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

ion whi ha- put great thought into immortal verse, but because of a single work in which he has sung, with genuine poetic genius, of the organs and functions of the human body.

"'Man tin- Microcosm' is a perilous theme for a poet. It awakens the scientific rather than the poetic faculty. Nothing of the kind had appeared before in our speech. Armstrong's 'I he Art of

I'M M-rviiiK Health,' published over one hundred and fifty year.-, ago, can hardly be called an excep- tion. Only one with the daring of Lucretius and tin- genius of Pope, both of whom, in many re-

pects, the Doctor resembled, could so set scien- tific and philosophic facts as to make them sen- sitive 10 the breath of the muse. Usually scien- tific accuracy i the death of poetry. Darwin laments that he, who in the beginning of his ihe greatest pleasure in Shakes- peare, in later years lost all relish for the great dramatist. I hi the other hand a glowing imagina- tion is apt to wing its flight beyond the sphere of proven facts which accurate science demands. ] i poem, which is an address Dr. Coles delivered while President of the Medical Society of the State of New Jersey, at its centennial meet- ing, illumes the theme of a learned profession with the sacred -peech of Polyhymnia. It at once commanded the attention and commenda- tion of both physicians and artists, and from the time of its delivery, January 24, 1866, its author has been known as the 'Poet-Physician.' This characterization, however, does not do him jus- tice. We might with equal inaccuracy speak of David as the 'Warrior-Psalmist,' because the divine bard wa- a soldier and somtimes sang of war.

' 'The Microcosm' is but one of the many prod- ucts of Dr. Coles' lyre, and the spirit that breathes here, as in them all, is not anatomy, but divinity. Correct as is his science, this is the spirit that pervades his song:

'For such as this did actually enshrine Thy gracious Godhead once, when Thou didst make Thyself Incarnate, for my sinful sake. Thou who hast done so very much for me,

0 let me do some humble thing for Thee!

1 would to every organ give a tongue, That Thy hish praises may be fitly sung; Appropriate ministries assign to each. The least made vocal, eloquent to teach.'

"Though the learning is that of the physician, the language and the spirit are those of a seraph. We must place our author among the sacred poets. We cannot pause to consider at length the perplexing question: What is sacred poetry? We are among those who believe in the sanctity of the art, altogether from the theme in which it is employed. It is the voice of the soul's in- nermost life, expressing itself in form of creative

16

speech, which kindles the feeling while it carries the thought. To turn such a gift to unholy uses is like turning the language of prayer into pro- fanity. But in order to fix our author's place in the sacred choir, we accept the common thought that sacred poetry is that which treats of sacred things.

"It may be epic as in Job and Milton, or dra- matic, as in the Song of Solomon and Bach's 'Passion,' or lyric as in all the Psalms and hymns. The most copious of our sacred poetry is the lyric. It is distinguished from others not by its metrical forms, nor altogether by the material it fashions, but by its personal thought or passion and its easy adaptation to song. There are four distinct grades of lyric poetry by which the rank of the poet is determined. The first is what we may call the natural, and is characterized by the outburst of impassioned personal experience; the .-ccond is artistic, and is distinguished by the exquisite finish of its structure; the third is didactic, and is differentiated by its aim, which is to teach certain truths and facts. There are doubtless poets of high merit in this class, but its dominant motive is sure to give it the air of the school-room, and these lyrics are often only doctrine in rhyme. The fourth is the liturgical. It is arranged for a service already prepared, and is set to music already composed. It is usually characterized by poverty of ideas, weari- some repetitions and a fatal lack of passion.

"The foremost poet of the natural order is David, the creator of the Hebrew lyric, who, at the very beginning, gave to the world the very finest specimens of the art. There is in all his songs a spontaneous outpouring of the passion of the moment. Every creation only images the soul of the poet, and his utterance is an elegy or an idyl, according as he is grave or gay. To this class belong, also, many of the old Latin hymns, as those of Thomas of Celano, Bernard of Clairvaux and Francis Xavier. They utter the soul's innermost consciousness. Measured by this standard, Isaac Watts and Charles Wesley are highest in the first rank of English hymnists. The doctrines of saving truth had become verities in their experiences ; and they poured them out in rushing torrents of song. Their hymns are their own souls' biography.

"Dr. Coles has written more than fifty original poems, many of which merit a place high in the first class of lyrics. Some of them have the intuition, the passion, the imagery which remind us of Cowper. In a poem entitled 'Prayer in Affliction,' he describes himself as bowed in sor- row in his home, made desolate by the death of his wife. But in his grief his faith discovers the promise of good out of ill. Then he cries :

*••

:

m it

> ui

i • 4 i

v«v

i « * « 4 t

n

o <n

> m

3 co •

£2 2 > «> _

Z to |— O rn O

O

O 2

Pi 2 •° '

0 m

PI I I

n o > i

O rr,

€ €

i « t

perilous 'hcme for

,.-• tit'.- T IT i ;l,a:i the

;" his

y, Januarj

is the 'Po jwever, do iith equal

it divinity, spirit that

dlilf ' rnakt

the l.iia1

• i ries .noly uses

.r:^-:jf;e of prayer into pro-

, . But in order to fix. our author's place in

the sacred choir, \v e common thought

:\ poetry H that which treats of sacred

•ic as in Job and Milton, or dra-

ng of Solomon and Bach's

II the Psalms and hymns.

r sacred poetry i,-. the

i from others not by its

altogether by the material it

fashions, but by its personal thought or passion

ion to song. There are four

distil He poetry by which the rank

of the poet is iletermined The first is what we

: rural, and is characterized by the

ned personal experience; the

;s distinguished by the

structure : the third is

ated by its aim, which

. and facts. There are

i.!oui ;.:gh merit in this class, but its

-.ure to give it the air of the nd these lyrics are often only liturgical, prepared, :d. It is

le creator of :he Hebrew lyric, who, at beginning, gave to the world the very

iged for a service to music already

tinest specimens- of the songs a sponta of the moment. Ever} soul of the poet, and

this class belong, also hymns, as those of Tho Clairvaux and Francis soul's innermost conscii •i'.andard. Isaac W.itu highest in the first n The doctrines of savins in their cxpericr'r . in rushing torrents of their own souls' hiogrs "Dr. Coles has wriu.

There is in all his

•ing of the passion

on only images the

terar.ce is an elegy

', gr,^e or gay. To

r of the old Latin

•Jelano, Bernard of

:r. They utter the

Measured by this

Wesley are

English hymnists.

ha ! tierome verities

y poured them out

Their hymns are

e than fifty original :•. place high in the of them have the

i ;•;: n-l.icV, remind

• ' Prayer in

I ;-.\ !•' .*<•({ in sor-

•nt death of

the

I o n

IB

°h

n[ n

(in

no

.

I I I

' -

l> A V- 1

I

m

3)

> m

0) z

3 CD

> < o

1 5 I

2 o> ,—

0 n o

O Z -p,

r ~ '

m _ rn

<S> m -£

^ W

3

T]

I

n

31

c z

O 2

r n

m z

2 m

31 3

M

Is

m o

z ~n

> i

o n

^ 3

m

3 2 >

Z

Q

I r

D

I O

m

'».

,

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

'O that my smitten heart may gush

Melodious praise— like as when o'er Aeolian harp strings wild winds rush

And all abroad, sad music pour, So sweet. Heaven's minstrelsy might hush

Brief time to listen, for I know The Hand that doth my comforts crush.

Builds bliss upon the base of woe.'

"The whole poem is wondrously suggestive of the genius of him who wrote the immortal 'My Mother.'

"Some of his hymns throb with a spirit so akin to that of the matchless Wesley that we could readily believe they came from the Methodist'^ pen. Such is the following:

'Upon His bosom thus to rest, I cannot ask to be more blest; To know my sins are all forgiven For Jesus' sake, O, this is Eleaven. While I love Him and He loves me, I care no other Heaven to see; And if there be some higher bliss, I am content while I have this.'

"But the Doctor did not devote his strength to the product of original hymns. He deliberately chose to turn masterpieces of ancient tongues into English verse. Accordingly we are compell- ed to rank him in the second order of lyrists. He is 'a poet of culture' whose aim is perfect, artistic expression. What determined his choice was partly his scholarship, partly his intensely spiritual nature, and partly the elegant refinement in which he was born and lived. His learning was varied and accurate. He was a recognized authority in his profession, an accomplished linguist, a master of the classic tongues and a critical writer on the profoundest theological themes. The vastness of his learning gave him Mich ample material for his verse that his poetif passion made no imperious call for this invention of the intuitive faculty. We cannot think of him as we do of Burns, walking out under the stars, writhing in pain for some adequate form in which to embody the tumultuous passion he must express. He had but to lift his eyes, and select from his calm wide vision the form he needed. Had he been an unlettered peasant, the poetic gift would probably have travailed in birth of song, which would have come forth in varied and original imagery. His poems would have shouted and danced like the Psalms of the Maccabees. But wealth of advantage is often- times poverty of invention. As it was, his imagin- ation was constructive rather than creative. Its images are more remarkable for their exquisite finish than for the original boldness of their conception. It was a fortunate thing for the world, and probably for the fame of our author, that he devoted his superb gift to rendering the best of the Hebrew and classic lyric* into Eng-

lish verse. He is not alone among the seraphs who have made the attempt, hut is conspicuous in the goodly company as the recognized chief. Others have copied the ancient masterpieces with wonderful accuracy, but in most instances have failed to reproduce that indescribable charm that gives to a poem its chief value. The spirit that breathes cannot be made to order. It must be born again. Otherwise the poem is a corpse. Dr. Coles has not used his art to exhume mum- mies. In his verse we have the living voices of the old-time singers.

"As Corot caught the varying movement of the trembling foliage in the deepening twilight, and M> placed it on his canvas that one can almost see the shadows lengthening and hear the rustling of the leaves, so our poet has reproduced the very NOul of the Hebrew and Latin verses. They are not versified translations — they are regenerations. They are not wrought from without, but from within. Hence they retain that inestimable some- thing that gives to a poem its immortality. As a single illustration we name his 'Dies Irae,' eighteen versions of which come from the strings of his restless lyre. This sublimest masterpiece of sacred Latin poetry and noblest Judgment hymn of all languages has, through many ages, been inviting gifted tongues to voice its majestic solemnities in English speech. More than thirty have had the temerity to respond. Among them are Earl Roscommon, Sir Walter Scott, Lord Macaulay. Archbishop Trench and General Dix, Mime of whom have given renditions of consider- able merit. But among them all. Dr. Coles wears the greenest laurels. Competent critics like Dr. Philip Schaff and John G. Whittier unite in affirming that no man dead or living has succeed- ed so well in rendering the text and spirit of the wonderful hymn. The doctor's baton has made our speech throb with the ancient rhythm and reproduced in astonishing degree the char- acteristic features of the original.

"Here are its artless simplicity, its impassioned solemnity, its trumpet-like cadences which appall the soul with woeful terrors ; its triple rhyme which 'beats the breast like a hammer,' and gives it an awful music of its own. making the heart shudder with dread apprehension. And in all this quivering of judgment-terror there breathes the intense Christian spirit of the original, which finds strongest utterance in the appeal :

'Jesus kind, do not refuse me! O remember Thou didst choose me! Lest Thou on that day shalt lose me . Seeking me Thy tired feet bore Thee , Cruel nails for my sake tore Thee, Let all fail not I implore Thee.'

1 1-2

CYCLOPEDIA OF N'EW JERSEY

"With equal .skill lie lias put m English verse, hymn tn. in I homa- of Celano, I'ortunatus, St. Bernard of Chun. St. Hernard of Clairvaux, and others. Ti.mViri v, ith many selections from the Greek and Latin clas i<- It v i- natural for one with poi ' pi piritual life to turn with

pecial I- d tl • fountains of sacred song

that spring from the Hebrew Psalter. There rather ilnn it I lelicon the voice of his muse was licanl. IV believed that til.- life of the past was better expn -'"I and preserved iu its song than i:i it* history — that the inspiration of the Psalm, was not merely poetic, but really and truly divine. He also bi-lieved that the much praised antiphonal parallelism, which Herder de cribes as 'that language of the heart which has never said all, but ever has something more to ay,1 is not adapted to the Saxon genius or knowl- edge. If then while he translates the Hebrew into English, he also translates the ancient anti- phonal into modern meter, he brings the divine soul of the p-.alm in living presence before us. The correi-tne-s of his view has been often dem- on [rated Clement Marot's metrical version of the Psalnis pro\ed to be a potent factor in the French Reformation. There are few things that have told so mightily on the Scotch character as Rouse's version. It is asserted that in the time of the Reformation, psalm singers and heretics Imo-t identical term?. It is an interest- ing fact, if it be true as stated, that such was the \alne our Puritan forefathers placed on Psalms in meter, that this was the title of the first hook printed in New England. "The Church, however, has in large measure

' '1 the use of metrical psalms in public wor- ship This is due partly to the evolution of the English hymn, under the inspiration of Watts and his successors; partly to the vitiated taste occa- sioned by the use of jingling ditties, and partly to the poor quality of man] of the nu'terized psalms which are in reality only mechanical paraphrases. \\Y believe that if Dr. Coles' thought can only

'lequately realized, if accurate translation can be wedded to genuine poetry and -.et to fitting

music, it will be < I n to the Church, which

1 with the question of the

choral features of its service. We will not af- firm that in his \ersion of the Psalms he has in every insta Red either the critic's eye

or the Christian's heart Even the wings of Jove's bird sometimes ;;rew weary. The peerle<- Milton often stumbled in his meter. Are David's own Psalms equal' But the doctor has given us a noble volume, which aside from the other products of his pen. will place his name on the walls of 'the immortals' \r.l it" p, ,i!m -'tiging

r r again becomes general in the home and in the Church, the rich collection will abide as a most helpful interpreter of the heavenly mean- ings of the Hebrew songs.

"We can barely speak of one other work which this poet lived to complete — the rendering of the < iospel in verse. To some souls the whole Chris- tian life is a poem — the Gospel is music itself, but he is a brave man who attempts to sing it all. Samuel Wesley, the father of John and Charles, made the daring effort to versify the Gospel. It was both a literary and financial fail- ure. With what success Dr. Coles has made a similar effort, it remains for the coming genera- tions to declare. In the meanwhile, we listen to the judgment of the Right Honorable John Bright of England, who says : 'When I began your volume I thought you had attempted to gild the refined gold and would fail; as I proceeded in my reading, that idea gradually disappeared, and I discovered you had brought the refined gold together in a manner convenient and useful, and deeply interesting. I have read the volume with all its notes, many of which seem to me of great value. I could envy you the learning and the industry that have enabled you to produce this remarkable work. I hope it may have read- ers in all countries where our language is spoken.'

"One who consecrates his genius to echoing the thought and spirit of the peerless intellects of the past is not apt to command popular af- fection. There are few Platos and Boswells whose names appear on the scroll of immortality. But if ever that ambition entered the heart of our author, he can sleep tranquilly on the pillow of his deathless work. His hymns have been placed in many hymnals. His Greek and Latin translations are ranked by critics the very fore- most. His Psalms and Gospels occupy an honor- ed place in every great library of Europe and America.

"As the years separate us wider and ever wider from those great productive periods of sacred song, which made glad the ages past, more and more will the coming generation feel the need of Dr. Abraham Coles' rich echoes."

After the benediction by the Rev. Dr. T~). J. Yerkes, there was more music. In the words of the "New York Observer" : The whole occasion was a delightful tribute of honor to the memory of a noble man."

On September 5th, 1895. was received at the Mayor's office the following letter from T. Ackerman Coles:

•

1 4

•VV

4 4

€ ft

« i « • € t

BRONZE G R o i

NCIDENT A3 TOLD

'

• € t

«r * t «

. •; I

>«i • :•'. is' •

efore us.

.•» Ms been often dem-

'/•..•M— metrical version of

• itcnt factor in the

s ; parti use of

.. :.-

t'leri :al pi

hich

i4uestion of the 'e will not af- Psalms he has

Thi

r. Are David's otor has given from the other

••mf and

abide as :ty mean-

rk %vhich

* hole Chris- rr;i!--ic itself. ,ifs tii sing it ;i John and to ->tt->ify the ii! fail- •: he's made a iming genera- listen to .•ic .lohn Bright -?an your "mti-d to gild • - [ proceeded appeared, refined

venient and useful,

as*'! d the volume

with <'iich seem to me of

greai •-* and

th<- inclit1 ; '• *d you to produce

rhis rema -it may have read-

ers in all ere out language is spoken.'

"One whc 'ius to echoing

•'insight cv intellects

of the past is not apt to command popular af- fection. There ar : Boswells .rtl1:. lie scroll of immortality. •>n entered the heart of leep tranquilly on the pillow His hymns have been tnals. His Greek and Latin .ed by critics the very fore- ud Gospels occupy an honor- ./reat library of Europe and

.vider and ever wider

•e sjreat periods of sacred

which made glad the ages past, more and

more will the coming generation feel the need of

I>r. -Abraham Coles' rich echoes."

After the benediction by the Rev. Dr. D.

J. Y • rre was more music. In the

"New x crver'' : The

wh< >n \vas a delightful tribute of

honor to the memory of a noble man."

On September 5th. 1805, was received at the Mayor's office the following letter from Coles:

II t I I I I

-

BRONZE GROUP BY C. B. IVES. IN LINCOLN PARK. NEWARK. NEW JERSEY.

AN INCIDENT AT THE CLOSE OF THE INDIAN WAR OF 1764. AS TOLD BY THE HISTORIAN FRANCIS PARKMAN

A GIFT FROM J AcKERMAN COLES. M D.U-L.D

IRK

I TIT/ '

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

To the Honorable Julius A. Lebkuecher, Mayor of the City of Newark :

My Dear Sir — As a gift to Newark, my native city, in whose educational, scientific and religious advancement my father, the late Dr. Abraham Coles, always took a deep and active interest, I have, through the agency of Messrs. Sypher & Co., of New York City, bought one of the most char- acteristic and beautiful groups in real bronze to be seen in this country or in Europe. It con- sists of three figures — an American Indian, his wife and her mother, each life size. The ped- estal is of rare dark Italian marble. The whole was executed at Rome, Italy, in 1886, by the distin- guished American sculptor, the late C. B. Ives, and is illustrative of the following facts, related by Parkman and other authorities :

After Colonel Bouquet had, in the Fall of 1764, compelled the Indian tribes to sue for peace, he demanded the delivery, at Fort Pitt, of all cap- tives in their possession. "Among those brought in for surrender," says Parkman. "were young women who had become partners of Indian hus- bands, and who now were led reluctantly into the presence of parents or relatives, whose images were almost blotted from their memory. They stood agitated and bewildered : the revival of old affections and the rush of dormant memories, painfully contending with more recent attach- ments; while their Indian lords looked on, scarce- ly less moved than they, yet hardening themselves with savage stoicism, and standing in the midst of their enemies imperturbable as statues of bronze. Of the women, who were compelled to return with their children to the settlements, some, subsequently, made their escape, eagerly hastening back to their warrior husbands, whose kindness before, as well as at the time of the surrender, had proved to them the sincerity of their affection."

In our artist's group, the mother discovers the wife of the Indian to be her daughter, who was carried off in early childhood. She, however, fails in her endeavor to obtain from her some sign of recognition. It was on this occasion that Bouquet, observing her distress, is said to have suggested that she should sing one of the songs she used to sing to her when a child. She did so — then, with a sudden start, followed by a pas- sionate flood of tears, the long-lost daughter threw herself into her mother's arms.

In order that his work might be accurate and distinctive, Mr. Ives left Rome for this country, where he was successful in finding, for his model, an Indian who fulfilled all his requirements. Re- turning to Italy, he there perfected this, his great masterpiece.

In 1852, the New Jersey Legislature appropriat- ed $2,000 to pay the Indians for a claim they

made in regard to certain hunting and fishing; rights. On this occasion the red men were repre- sented by Shawriskhekung (Wilted Grass), an Indian of pure native blood. He was a graduate of Princeton College, having been educated at the expense of the Scotch Missionary Society, which named him Bartholomew S. Calvin. At the age of twenty-three he entered the Continental Army to fight for independence, and at the time he pre- sented to the Legislature the petition for pay for the Indian fishing rights he was upward of eighty years of age. This aged Indian closed his address with the following words: "Not a drop of our blood have you spilled in battle ; not an acre of our land have you taken but by our consent. These facts speak for themselves and need no comment. They place the character of New Jersey in bold relief and bright example to those States within whose territorial limits our brethren still remain. There may be some who would despise an Indian benediction, but when I return to my people and make known to them the result of my mission, the ear of the great Sovereign of the universe, which is still open to our cry, will be penetrated with our invocation of blessings upon the generous sons of New Jersey."

"It is a proud fact in the history of New Jer- sey," said Senator Samuel L. Southard before the Legislature on this same occasion, "that every foot of her soil has been obtained from the Indians by voluntary purchase and transfer, a fact no other State of the Union, not even the land which bears the name of Penn can boast of." For these as well as for other reasons it has seemed to me to be pre-eminently proper that New Jersey should possess this magnificent monument cast in honor of the American Indian."

With your sanction I will have it brought to Newark and have it placed on a suitably pre- pared foundation, all at my own individual ex- pense, in the locality we shall decide upon. Await- ing your reply, I am. with great respect, Yours sincerely,

To the above was sent the following reply :

Office of the Mayor, City Hall, Newark,

N. J., Sept. 13, 1895. Dr. Jonathan Ackerman Coles, 222 Market Street,

City:

Dear Sir — The communication directed to the Mayor of the City of Newark, dated September 4, 1895, and containing your munificent offer to present to the city a handsome bronze group, was referred to the Common Council at its last meet- ing, held Friday, September 6, accompanied by a message which read as follows:

10

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

( Mil. r -I ill'- Mayor, City Hall, Newark.

September 6, 1895. To the Honor. d.lr tin- Common Council of the

1 iv of Newark :

(ii-iitlcmcn — 1 have the honor and pleasure to transmit herewith a communication which I received ft terday from Dr. Jonathan Ackennan Coles. In it IK- offers, as a gift to the city of Newark, a wi>rk of art. by an American sculptor of note, being a group in bronze which marks a most interesting historical event, and as a me- morial will recall the valuable services rendered in the interests of science and education by his distinguished father, the late Dr. Abraham Coles. I respectfully recommend that action be taken by your honorable body to acknowledge the valu- able and interesting gift, and to co-operate with the donor in providing a suitable place for its erection.

Yours verv truly,

J. A. LEBKUECHER, Mayor

It was received and read with great gratifica- tion, and in response thereto the following resolu- tion of acknowledgment and acceptance was un- animously adopted :

"Whereas, A beautiful work of art, by a sculptor of distinction, has been presented to the city of Newark by Dr Jonathan Ackerman Coles; there- fore, be it

Ked, That the Mayor be instructed to convey to the donor the sincere sense of apprecia- tion in which this gift is received by the municipal government and people of the city of Newark; and be it further

"Resolved, That a committee of five, of whom the Mayor and the President of the Common Council shall be members, be appointed to act with the donor in the selection of a suitable site for the placing of this valuable gift."

In pursuance of the above resolution I have the honor to extend to you, in behalf of the municipal government, the assurance of its high appreciation of your generous gift, and as Chief Executive to tender to you the thanks of its citizens.

The spirit which prompts the presentation of this artistic group of bronze to the city is worthy of the greatest commendation. It gives me much pleasure to acknowledge for the first time in the history of the city a gift from one of its private citizens, which shall be for many generations a civic monument of beauty and a source of pride to the residents of Newark.

I have the honor to be yours very truly,

J A. LEBKUF.CHKR, Mayor.

The committee, which consisted of Mayor Julius A. Lebkuecher, Mr. David D. Bragaw, President

of the Common Council ; Aldermen William Har- rigan, Sidney N. Ogden and Winton C. Garrison, after visiting the different parks in company with the donor, finally decided upon the North End of Lincoln park as the most suitable site for the bronze.

Subsequently the Mayor and Common Council presented Dr. Coles with a testimonial of the city's appreciation of his gift. This Memorial the "New York Tribune" describes as "a beautiful specimen of the art of engrossing. It is in an album form, bound in dark leather of the finest quality, the flyleaves being of rich white moire silk. The body of the memorial contains the com- munication of the Mayor to the Common Council announcing the offer of Dr. Coles, the resolutions passed by the Council in accepting the gift, and the announcement by Mayor Lebkuecher to Dr. Coles of the acceptance. The delineator is Mr. John H. Morris, Secretary of the Board of Assessments."

The Rt. Rev. John Williams, D. D., LL.D., Bishop of the Diocese of Connecti- cut,* Chancellor of Trinity College, etc., etc., in a letter to the son of the late Dr. Abraham Coles, referring to the bronze and its pedestal, said :

"An inscription of the last stanzas of your father's beautiful National hymns, 'Columbia, the Land of the Free,' and 'My Native Land.' upon the marble pedestal of the bronze historical group you are about to present to the City of Newark, N. J., would not only be a graceful trib- ute to your father's memory, but would also give a National as well as local value to the gift."

The Bishop's suggestion was carried out. On the front of the pedestal were cut the following words : —

From our borders expel all oppression and wrong, Oh! Thou, who did'st plant us and make us a

Nation ! In the strength of Thine arm make us evermore

strong ; On our gates inscribe Praise, on our walls write

Salvation! May Thyself be our Light, from Thy heavenly

height Ever flashing new splendors and chasing our

night.

That united and happy we ever may be To the end of all time, still the Land of the Free !

*(In 1666 Newark was settled by people from Connecticut.)

2O

I

.

« I € 4 4

*

4 m

iVA

if 41

o o

• *

t € « « t t

ft & fl

?

VrV > >§ * V> *> * i» * *

.

: •!•

valu-

r,. ..'

• ' It u. ':-

tion, and lion •

Newark lv

fore, be it

"Resolv.

and be it fun

: citv of

;•.. -. :*. ••••_ .

: nave • >i the

Chief of its

iitions a

•iar- >son, with

11 the

ouncil

;il of the

"•lemorial

: beautiful

: is in an

the finest

:ite moire

- the com-

n Council

ihe resolutions

gift, and

'-".echer to Dr.

':neator is Mr.

Board of

D. D.,

'., Bish< ~ese of Connecti-

ity College, etc.,

ihe late Dr.

l-ring to the bronze-

scription is of your

'•3 beautiful National hymns, 'Columbia. the ! •: Free,' and 'My Native Land,'

upor pedestal of ihe bronze historical

about to present to the City of J. J., would not only be a graceful trib- ute to your father's memory, but would also give -•>nai as well as local value to the gift."

i!-hop'* suggestion was carried out. ( >n ihr fro7it of the pedestal were cut the

I T-rr.t 'i-.:r borders expe! all oppression and wrong,

in the sti Sal-

th of 1 hint- arm make us evermore

?s in ,c/:>>« Praise, on our walls write

•H- Dur Light, from Thy heavenly

new splendors and chasing our

'-;i happy we ever may be

i all time, still the Land of the Free!

Newark was settled by people from

I I I I I I

I I I

H

o

o

t-

M CO

Fd O

tr1 K

> g

^ oo o

a

PO

o o

r

CO

o G H HI

s

a

ITTT/ '

TILDE*

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

On the back of the pedestal the stanza cut in the granite is : —

God of our fathers ! bless. Exalt in righteousness

This Land of ours ! Be Right our lofty aim, Our title and our claim, To high and higher fame

Among the Powers.

Thanksgiving Day, November 28, 1895, was selected by the Common Council Com- mittee and Dr. Coles as the time most ap- propriate for the unveiling exercises.

The following was the order of exer- cises :

Music under the direction of Mr. Frank E. Drake ; Prof. Thomas Bott, bass ; James V. Orchard, tenor, and Mr. David B. Dana, cornetist.

1. National Hymn, "My Native Land," Abraham Coles. The children, teachers and friends of the Public and Private Schools of Newark, and from elsewhere in the State, led by Prof. Bott, Mr. Orchard. Mr. Dana, cornetist. and Mr. Drake.

2. Unveiling of the Bronze Historic Group and Pedestal, by Miss Lucy Depue Ogden, grand- daughter of the Hon. David Ayres Depue. LL.D., Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, and Master Robert B. Bradley, grandson of the late Hon. Joseph P. Bradley, LL.D., Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

3. Presentation Address by Dr. J. A. Coles.

4. Address by the Hon. Julius A. Lebkuecher, Mayor of the City of Newark, accepting the gift, and turning it over to the Board of Works.

5. Address by Mr. Harrison Van Duyne. Presi- dent of the Board of Works.

6. Delivery of Keys of Boxes in Marble Pedestal, Miss Grace E. Bates, grand-niece of David D. Bragaw, President of the Common Council.

7. Receiving of the Keys by Miss Helen Coyken- dall, granddaughter of Henry Hopper, Chief of Police, who will subsequently, for safe keep- ing, drop them from the Bridge street bridge into the waters of the Passaic.

8. National Hymn, "Columbia, the Land of the Free," Abraham Coles, 1853. School children and audience, led by Prof Bott, Mr Orchard, Mr. Dana, and Mr. Drake.

9. Address by Dr. Henry J. Anderson, President of the Board of Education.

10. National Hymn, "The Fourth of July," Abra- ham Coles, 1851. School children and audience,

led by Prof. Bott, Mr. Orchard, Mr. Dana, anl Mr. Drake.

11. Address by Dr. William N. Barringer, Super- intendent of Public Schools. Subject: "A Nation's History as shown in its Monuments."

12. National Hymn, "Our Country's Banner," Abraham Coles, 1861. School children and audience, led by Prof. Bott, Mr. Orchard, Mr. Dana, and Mr. Drake.

13. Address by David R. Frazer, D. D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. In honor of the Rev. Mr. Pierson, the first minister of this church, Newark is said to have received its name, he having been educated in Newark, Eng- land.

14. Bi-Centennial Ode, "Two Hundred Years Ago," Abraham Coles, 1866. School children and audience, led by Prof. Bott, Mr Orchard, Mr. Dana, and Mr. Drake.

15. Benediction (1:30 p. M.), by Robert M. Luther, D D., pastor of the South Baptist Church.

In referring to the "Coles Memorial High School" building at Kurnool, "The Madras Mail," of Madras, India, Decem- ber 19, 1908, says :

"His Excellency, the Honorable Sir Arthur Lawley, G. C, I. E., K. C, M. G., Governor of Fort George, after formally declaring the Memorial High School building open, was con- ducted to the principal hall, where the elite of Kurnool interested in the noble educational work of the American Missionaries in the District were assembled to show their sympathy with their activities. The Rev. Dr. A. W. Stanton, the missionary in charge, had prepared an in- teresting programme of songs and recitations by the children, who entered with great zest and feeling into the performance, which wound up with a statement from Mr. Stanton giving a his- tory of the school. His Excellency delivered one of his characteristic addresses, full of wise coun- sel and deep interest in the rising generation of India. His Excellency spoke as follows:

" 'Mr. Stanton, Ladies and Gentlemen : I as- sure you that I esteem it a very great pleasure and a very great honor to have been able to formally open the "Coles Memorial High School" building, and to express my sense of admiration at the noble purpose and the great generosity of those by whom this building was erected.

" 'My admiration of the building itself is great and my fervent hope and prayer is that God may bless Dr. Coles and his sister, by whose in- strumentality this building has been brought into existence. I pray too that His blessing may be

21

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

iipnii those who control the destinies of this school, and have the advantage of working within these w.ills. You have shown me this evening, sir, a most beautiful building of brick and stone, and you tell nu- it will shortly be equipped with every modern requirement. I congratulate you on what you have achieved, without Government help. It is, htlieve me, in my opinion, most prais- worthy.' "

The tablet on the building reads:

To the Glory of God,

And in loving memory of

Abraham Coles, A. M., M. D., Ph.D., LL.Lv,

and of his wife

Caroline E. Ackerman Coles,

This building is erected by their son,

Jonathan Ackerman Coles, M. D., LL.D ,

and their daughter,

Emilie S. Coles.

"With the singing of Dr. Abraham Coles' fine old hymn, 'O all ye lands unite your joys,' to the tune of 'Old Hundred,' followed by the National anthem, the exercises closed. With a hearty hand-shake the Governor took his de- parture, amid the shouts of the school children, the waving of flags and the ringing of the school building's bronze bell."

Reference has been made to Dr. Coles' "New Rendering of the Hebrew Psalms into English Verse," and we give herewith his version of Psalm XIX, concerning which he says : There are two voices — one inaudible — declaring the glory of God, the other audible, declaring His u'ill. It forms a fit companion piece to Psalm VIII. We have thus a day-piece and a night-piece by the same hand. The pastoral life is fav- orable to meditation. Spent in the open air, all natural sights and sounds grow fam- iliar. David in both Psalms recalls the peaceful time. when, a shepherd lad. al- ready *killed in the use of his rustic lyre, and accustomed to give vent to his pious rapture in holy song, he lay on summer nights on the pleasant hill-sides of Beth- lehem watching hi* flock, and, looking up, saw "the heaven* sowed with stars, thick as a field"; and. as the night wore away. saw the grey dawn, and the kindling fires of day-break, till, all at once, the sun, the regent of day, shot suddenly up from be- hind the mountains of Moab.

PSALM XIX

1 The rolling skies with lips of flame Their Maker's power and skill proclaim :

2 Day speaks to day, and night to night Shows knowledge writ in beams of light.

3 And though no voice, no spoken word Can by the outward ear be heard,

4 The witness of a travelling sound. Reverberates the world around.

In the bright east with gold enriched He for the sun a tent has pitched,

5 That, like a bridegroom after rest, Comes from his chamber richly drest. An athlete strong and full of grace. And glad to run the heavenly race, —

6 Completes his round with tireless feet, And naught is hidden from his heat.

7 But, Nature's book sums not the whole : God's perfect law converts the soul; His sure unerring word supplies

The means to make the simple wise;

8 His precepts are divinely right. An inspiration and delight;

His pure commandment makes all clear,

9 Clean and enduring in His fear.

The judgments of the Lord are true, And righteous wholly through and through ;

10 More to be coveted than gold. Of higher worth a thousand fold ; More sweet than sweetest honey far, Th' unfoldings of their sweetness are :

11 They warn Thy servant, and they guard; In keeping them there's great reward.

12 Who can his errors understand? My secret faults are as the sand : From these me cleanse, make pure within,

13 And keep me from presumptuous sin; Lest sin me rule and fetter fast, And I unpardoned die at last.

14 My words and meditation be

O Lord, my Rock, approved of Thee.

In the Highland Home for Children, erected in memory of Dr. Coles and of his brother-in-law. Mr. Warren Ackerman, is a stained glass window, illustrating the Study of Nature, whereon is inscribed : — "The heavens declare the glory of God ; and the firmament sheweth His handy- work. Day unto day mtereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge. Let the words of my mouth, and the meditations of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord, my Strength, and my Redeemer."

22

.

WW

€ *

[ 4 «LCjr

g ,

'

t 1 « * * « t-€ € « •

€ * * *

I I t

I I »

.. ., I

,-nt

jf light. ,vord

LL.D.,

Then, in

tion. Spent in

truf, through;

tar, are: guard; .rard

sand :

pure within,

tuous sin ;

ed of Thee.

ie for Children,

Coles and of his

•en Ackerman. is

illustrating the

:fi. and e. Let

I I I I I

. i

CHILDRENS HIGHLAND HOME

4/1 w/ A .'Aw A'/ll'/"' S. f ''•//'.•< til f>'Wr»'/'"""-'-r//"''/"//"-''

/J/-A//r///i'»i f'f/rstt'ir/ //?>•("»•/'• .'//• '/'//vv/. IrKerman

THr. TT"

[PUBLIC;

ASPr-

THE NEW Yl PUBLIC LIBRARY

ASTOR, LENOX

.

;. I

A * A 4 4

: f € i €

• 4 « • •

CYCLOPEDIA. OF NEW

Lav. as,

Gr on of Rev. Richard Fall eal) Cleveland, wa^ bon in Caldwell, New Jer- sey, in a small y building which was the Presbyterian church of v, >as then which is yet ;. lie Stej father' in the pastorate, but in childhood nan -

When he was three yea -

removed to '. 'ie, Onondago

New it hved • was fourteen, attendii g acad<

his f 'tiade him a fav- tritt : jachers and fellows. He left the academy before he could com- pleti >-:k employment in a village store, . es being, fifty dollars for the first - one hundred dollars for the secor on after the be- ginning of the la •'! he removed to Clinton, ' his parents had preceded him, a;< ..•! studies at the academy >n for admission to Har -ie death of his father, how expectation, and made it r rr.m to enter upon self-sup; ngly accepted a position as book!-:- assistant teacher in the K on for the Blind, which he fill; for a year. Start- ing re lucrative em- ployment, with I re dollars to de- fray ->ed on the way at Bui'*' ke a farewell visit to h; Allen, a stock farmer, who inc n and aid him in the "Allen's American Shu, In return he re- ceived i: A fifty dollars, and with this aid he entered the law offices of R' Bowen & Rogers, at Buffalo, as a c!ei : law student. His student life was 01 arduous labor and vigorous econonv

He became confident:* ployers, and was admi 1859.

Mr. Cleveland's p\:b!u when he was appoin'ei attorney for Erie co Democrat from his firs

KIDS he served

'il.irs ..

rk to his em- to the bar in

began in

had I*

trious -^i..ikr: i he ca.st hi- h:-t he was chosen that at the exj ceived the unai trict aUorney opponent a wa K. Bass, w'ho v five hundmi: polled more th: city ' wards. R ary, 1866. he fo Isaac V. Vane

[ted himself so well of his term he re- lomination for dis- for his Republican jnal friend, Lyman cd by a plurality of leveland. however, arty vote in all the rom office in Janu- aw partnership with Former State Treas-

urer, under the firm name uf Vanderpoel & Cleveland. In i8<5*; r became a member of the law firm of Latnng, Cleveland & FoJ- ~...m. his partners being Albert P. Laning, viM-cr State Senator, and for years at- •. .T"r\ i-.yr 'ht Canada Southern and Lake Shore railways, and Oscar F<>l.-om, former I p-.ted Sutes District Attorney. As in pre- viou« years, he sent the large portion of his earnings to his mother, to aid her in sup- port of her family. In 1870 at the earnest solicitation of his party friends, and against his own earnestly expressed desire, he con- sented to become candidate for sheriff, and was electee! after a stubbornly contested canvass. Hi? official conduct was warmly approved by the people. At the expiration of his ter*n of office he resumed the prac- tice of law. in association with Lyman J is arid \Vihon S. rc-

1879 on acc ^IC

, becoming Clevelaiv In

T George f. Sicard was admitted to pan-

4 4 «' i,

; « « « € * «

I V

i

A

wv

.

I

CLEVELAND

•nail w

'# °' l! of which b IJi ivhidi i- yti .««' Stephen Grow fa ..•unit. 1°

• ijtwpa

removed to FntW Xew York. rt« fourieen. alldM( academy. He in* --. c .•;" i :h b He left the aato

ullage store, l» i for the first yejr i

for the serai «;•

..ix. • m m [:r;iii

however, diiap^unf made it nec«an ( stlf-snppori Ht i position as bootta 1:1 'h« Xew Vork la

Ai fray lii^ eyjo

LnmF "Urn tt,,

tlle compilaiij, 0|

Hfrd p,,, ceived tie s .

I I \

I l • I I

t I i

- •

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW IE K Si -IV

CLEVELAND, Grovcr,

Lawyer, Statesman, President.

Grover Cleveland, son of Rev. Richard Falley and Ann (Neal) Cleveland, was born March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jer- sey, in a small two-story building which was the parsonage of the Presbyterian church of which his father was then pastor, and which is yet standing. He was named Stephen Grover for his father's predecessor in the pastorate, but in childhood the first name was dropped.

When he was three years old his parents removed to Fayetteville, Onondaga county, New York, where he lived until he was fourteen, attending the district school and academy. He was of studious habits, and his frank open disposition made him a fav- i rite with both his teachers and fellows, lie left the academy before he could com- plete the course, and took employment in a village store, his wages being fifty dollars for the first year and one hundred dollars for the second year, but soon after the be- ginning of the latter period he removed to Clinton, New York, whither his parents had preceded him, and resumed studies at the academy in preparation for admission to Hamilton College. The death of his father, however, disappointed this expectation, and made it necessary for him to enter upon self-support. He accordingly accepted a position as bookkeeper and assistant teacher in the New York Institution for the Blind, which he filled acceptably for a year. Start- ing west in search of more lucrative em- ployment, with twenty-five dollars to de- fray his expenses, he stopped on the way at Buffalo, New York, to make a farewell visit to his uncle, Lewis F. Allen, a stock farmer, who induced him to remain and aid him in the compilation of "Allen's American Shorthorn Herd Book." In return he re- ceived the sum of fifty dollars, and with this aid he entered the law offices of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, at Buffalo, as a clerk and law student. His student life was one of arduous labor and vigorous economy and

self-denial. Fur a few months he served without compensation as a copyist, and then received a wage of four dollars a week. He became confidential clerk to his em- ployers, and was admitted to the bar in 1859.

Air. Cleveland's public life began in 1863, when he was appointed assistant district attorney for Erie county. A staunch Democrat from his first studies in Ameri- can history and politics, he had been a sturdy supporter of his party and an indus- trious worker from the day in 1858 when he cast his first vote. In the office to which he was chosen he acquitted himself so well that at the expiration of his term he re- ceived the unanimous nomination for dis- trict attorney. He had for his Republican opponent a warm personal friend, Lyman K. Bass, who was elected by a plurality of five hundred; Mr. Cleveland, however, polled more than his party vote in all the city wards. Retiring from office in Janu- ary, 1866, he formed a law partnership with Isaac V. Vanderpoel, former State Treas- urer, under the firm name of Vanderpoel & Cleveland. In 1869 he became a member of the law firm of Laning, Cleveland & Fol- som, his partners being Albert P. Laning, former State Senator, and for years at- torney for the Canada Southern and Lake Shore railways, and Oscar Folsom, former United States District Attorney. As in pre- vious years, he sent the large portion of his earnings to his mother, to aid her in sup- port of her family. In 1870 at the earnest solicitation of his party friends, and against his own earnestly expressed desire, he con- sented to become candidate for sheriff, and was elected after a stubbornly contested canvass. His official conduct was warmly approved by the people. At the expiration of his term of office he resumed the prac- tice of law, in association with Lyman K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell. Mr. Bass re- tired in 18/9 on account of ill health, the firm becoming Cleveland & Bissell. In 1881 George I. Sicard was admitted to part-

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

nership. During all these changes Mr. Cleveland shared in a large and lucrative business, while he had attracted the admira- tion of bench and bar for the care with which he prepared his cases, and the ability and industry with which he contested them.

In 1 88 1 Mr. Cleveland was nominated for Mayor of P.ntTalo on a platform advo- cating administrative reform and economy in municipal expenditures, and was elected by the largest majority ever given a candi- date for that office, and at an election where-, although the Democrats carried their local ticket to success, the Republicans car- ried the city for their State ticket by more than one thousand plurality. His adminis- tration carried unstinted approval, for his courageous devotion to the interests of the people and his success in checking unwise, illegal and extravagant expenditures, sav- ing to the city a million dollars in the first six months of his term, and he was a popu- lar favorite as "The Veto Mayor." He was now a State celebrity, and the convention of his party held September 22, 1882, at Syra- cuse, nominated him for Governor. He uas elected over the Republican nominee, Charles J. Folger, by the tremendous plu- rality of 192.854— the largest plurality ever given a gubernatorial candidate in any state in the Union. Among the chief acts of his administration were his approval of a bill to submit to the people a proposition to abolish contract prison labor; his veto of a bill permitting wide latitude to savings bank directors in investment of deposits ; his veto of a similar bill respecting insurance com- panies ; and his veto of a bill to establish a monoply by limiting the right to construct certain street railways to companies here- tofore organized, to the exclusion of such as should hereafter obtain the consent of property owner- and local authorities.

Mr. Cleveland was nominated for Presi- dent by the Democratic National Conven- tion in i Ihicago, in July. 1884. receiving 683 votes out of a total of 820. His Republi-

can opponent was Hon. James G. Elaine. The campaign was remarkable for the dis- CUSMOII of the personal characters and qual- ifications of the candidates rather than po- litical principles. At the election Mr. Cleve- land received a majority of thirty-seven in the Electoral College, and a majority in the popular vote of 23,005, out of a total of 10,067,610. At his inauguration, March 4, 1885. he delivered an admirable inaugural address, with flowing ease, and his modesty and sincerity impressed all hearers. He took his official oath upon a small moroc- co-bound, gilt-edged Bible, a gift from his mother when as a lad he first left home. Among the most important acts of his ad- ministration was his proclamation of March 13, 1885, for the removal of white intruders from Oklahoma, Indian Territory ; and, af- ter the burning of Aspinwall, Panama, by the revolutionists, March 31, 1885, ms ord- ering a naval expedition to protect Ameri- can persons and property.

Mr. Cleveland was unanimously renom- inated for President in 1888. but was de- feated by Benjamin Harrison, Republican, although his plurality in the popular vote was more than 1 00,000. He then located in the city of New York and again took up his profession. In June, 1892, he was nom- inated for the Presidency a third time, by the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, receiving on the first ballot 617 1-3 votes out of 910. the nomination then being made unanimous. At the election he defeated Benjamin Harrison by a plurality of 1 10 in the Electoral College, and a plur- ality of 3/9,150 in the popular vote. He was inaugurated March 4, 1893, in the pres- ence of a vast multitude in midst of a blind- ing snowstorm. The military and civic pa- rade was more imposing than on any other similar occasion. His administration was marked by some most unusual features. His first important act was to call a special -e-Mon of Congress, August 7, 1893, and in pursuance of his recommendation was re-

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

pealed the act of 1890 calling for the monthly purchase of $4,500,000 of silver bullion. In this he was opposed by the sil- ver wing of his party. Elected as he was on a tariff-reform platform, both houses of Congress were in accord with him on that issue, and in 1894 was passed the Wilson bill, a tariff- for-revenue-only measure. The industrial and financial stagnation of that period was ascribed by the Republicans to this measure, while the Free-Silver Demo- crats attributed it in large degree to the re- peal of the silver-purchase measure, and in November of the same year the Republi- cans won a protective tariff victory, with the result that during the latter half of President Cleveland's administration he had to deal with a Republican Congress. He performed invaluable service to law and order and protection to property by his firm stand with reference to the railroad riots in July, 1894, ordering United States troops to Chicago and other railroad centers to enforce the orders and processes of the Federal Courts, and to prevent interference with inter-state commerce and the transmis- sion of the United States mails. On Janu- ary i, 1895, ne appointed, with the consent of the Senate, the commission to inquire in- to the Venezuelan boundary. During the insurrection in Cuba he took strong meas- ures against the violation of the neutrality laws. In February, in order to preserve the national credit, he ordered an issue of four per cent, thirty-year bonds to the amount of $62,000,000. May 29th he ve- toed the river and harbor bill calling for art immediate expenditure of $17.000,000, and authorizing contracts for the further sum of $62,000,000, but the bill was passed over his veto. In the summer of the same year he received the signal compliment of being chosen as arbitrator in the dispute between Italy and Colombia, in which the former claimed large pecuniary damages for in- juries sustained by Indians during the revo- lution of 1885. Late in 1895, m ms annual message, he recommended a general reform

of banking and currency laws, and accom- plished the settlement of the Venezuelan boundary, the treaty being signed February 2, 1896. In the latter year lie ivMu-d an ord- er under which thirty thousand additional posts in the civil service were placed under n.--trictii>ns formulated by the Board of Livil Service Commissioners. In the same year he sent General Fitzhugh Lee to Ha- vana as consul-general — an appointment which was approved by a great mass of Union veterans almost as heartily as it was by the ex-Confederates. On June 16, 1896, he issued an open letter condemning the free-silver movement, and approving the principles of the Gold Wing of the Demo- cratic party, a document which had a salu- tary and far-reaching effect. Before the expiration of his official term he had the great pleasure of witnessing the execution of a treaty between the United States and Great Britain providing for the establish- ment of an international tribunal of general arbitration.

( )ne of President Cleveland's last public appearances before retiring from his high office was the delivery of an address at the sesquicentennial celebration of Prince- ton College, which took on its more appro- priate title of University. Shortly after- ward he purchased a home in Princeton, where his first son was born. Known as a polished and forceful writer, Mr. Cleve- land's most important papers have been widely published. His annual message of 1887 was issued in a sumptuous edition de luxe, illustrated by the famous artist. Thomas Nast. An important compilation of his utterances was made by Francis Gottsberger. of New York, under the title, "Principles and Purposes of Our Form of Government, As Set Forth In Public Pap- ers of Grover Cleveland," and George F. Parker edited a volume, "Writings and Speeches of Grover Cleveland." In 1904 appeared "Presidential Problems," a vol- ume of essays by Mr. Cleveland, two of which were originally delivered at Prince-

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

ton University, the others being articles •A Inch had their original appearance in lead- ing magazine^.

Mr. ( lorhuul was of striking personal- ity, commanding respect and confidence under all circumstances and before all man- ner of a--cmblages. Physically of large ;uid powerful frame, in motion he was de- liberate and firm, yet without slowness. In manner and voice he was genial and agree- alilr. r.road-minded and liberal in thought, he was tolerant and charitable. In religion he was a man of conscience rather than of any set creed. All his personal habits were marked by Democratic simplicity, and totally devoid of ostentation. After his re- tirement from the loftiest place open to an American, he Readily grew in the regard and affection of the people, while publicists and political students are only beginning to adequately measure the wisdom and bene- ficence which were the characteristics of his public career. He died June 24, 1908.

In the second year of his first Presi- dential term. June 2. 1886, President Cleveland wa-- married to Miss Frances Folsoni. the ceremony being performed by Kev. Byron Sunderland, D. D., in the Blue Room in the White House.

ALEXANDER, William Cowper,

Lawyer, Insurance Actnary.

William Cowper Alexander was born in Prince Kdward county. Virginia, May 2Oth, 1806. son of Rev. Archibald Alexander, D.D.. the tir'-t professor in the Princeton Theological Seminary, and of Janetta (WaddeH Alexander, daughter of Rev. James \\addcl. \\irt--' "Blind Preacher." He was graduated from Princeton College in iS_>4. lie Mudied law tinder Hon. James S. Green, in Princeton, and was admitted to the bar in 1827. He became a leader in the Democratic party. He was a State Senator from 1853 to 1868, and president of that body four years. In 1857 he re- ceived the Democratic nomination for Gov-

ernor, but was defeated, with his party. In 1859 he was chosen president of the Equi- table Life Assurance Society of the L'nited States, and held the position until his death, August 24th, 1874. He was a member from New Jersey of the famous Peace Congress, held in Washington in 1861. La- fayette College, Pennsylvania, conferred the degree of Doctor of Laws upon him in 1860. He was never married.

BROOKS, Noah,

Journalist and Author.

Noah Brooks, one of the most pro- lific and influential writers of his day. was born at Castine. Maine. October 24, 1830, son of Barker and Mar- garet I Perkins I Brooks. His father, a master shipbuilder, was a man of great strength and kindness of character ; and his ancestors, of English origin, were noted for patriotism and public spirit during the Rev- olutionary War. The first American repre- sentative of the paternal line in this country was William Brooks, of Kent, England, a passenger in the ship "Blessing," who land- ed at Scituate, Massachusetts, in 1635. His maternal descent is derived from the Per- kins family of Massachusetts, which has been equally prominent and honorable throughout colonial history.

Noah Brooks was educated in the public schools and the high school of his native town, and at the age of eighteen removed to Boston, Massachusetts, where he began studies with a view to adopting landscape painting as a life calling. In the midst of his artistic studies, however, he developed a strong taste for literature, contributing short sketches, notices, essays, and humor- ous tales to the weekly newspapers and magazines of the day, and by the time he was twenty-one, he was able to earn his living by his pen. He became regularly at- tached to the staff of the "Boston Atlas," a daily newspaper. In 1855 he went west.

26

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

first entering into a mercantile partnership with John G. Brooks, an intimate friend in Dixon, Illinois, and upon its failure migrat- ing with him to Kansas, where he engaged in farming. After a short sojourn in the territory, during which he was actively in- terested in the Free State agitations, he and Mr. Brooks went to California with a great company of emigrants, crossing the plains with ox-teams, the only available method at that day. In the course of the tedious jour- ney they had many experiences and adven- tures, which were subsequently narrated in some of Mr. Brooks' best tales. Mr. Brooks located in Marysville, Yuba county, where he undertook the publication of the "Daily Appeal" in association with Benjamin P. Avery, afterwards U. S. Minister to China, but in 1862 he sold out his interest and ac- cepted the post of Washington correspon- dent for the "Sacramento Union." the prin- cipal journal of the Pacific coast. At the national capital he renewed his friendship with President Lincoln, whom he had known years before in Illinois, and in 1865 was invited by him to become his private secretary, in place of John G. Nicholay, then recently appointed to the French mis- sion. The offer was accepted, but before the change could be made the President was assassinated. Mr. Brooks was then ap- pointed by President Johnson naval officer of the Port of San Francisco, but was re- moved at the end of eighteen months for refusing to comply with certain political re- quirements of the administration. After his retirement he returned at once to journal- ism, and from 1866 to 1871 was editor of the "Alta California," of San Francisco. He was a regular contributor to the "Over- land Monthly" from its foundation in 1866, and also conducted a semi-monthly juvenile magazine. From 1871 to 18/6 he was at- tached to the «taff of the "New York Trib- une," most of the time a= night editor, then accepted a position with "The Times," which he held for eight years. In 1884 he

became editor of the Xewark ( New Jersey) "Daily Advertiser," hut in 1892 retired permanently from journalism. lie has since devoted himself to authorship, and during the winter of 1894-5 he made an ex- tensive tour through Egypt, Turkey and the Holy Land. Besides innumerable ar- ticles, reviews and short stories in all the leading American magazines, he has pub- lished "The Boy Emigrants" (1876) ; "The Fairport Nine" ( 1880) ; "Our Base-hall Club" (1884); "Abraham Lincoln, a Bio- graphy for Young People" ( 1888) ; "The Boy Settlers" ( 1891 ) ; "American States- men" (1893) ; "Tales of the Maine Coast" ( 1894) ; "Abraham Lincoln and the Down- fall of American Slavery" (1894); "Short Studies in American Party Politics" (1895); "How the Republic is Gov- erned" (1895): "Washington in Lincoln's Time" ( 1896) ; "Mediterranean Trip" (1896); "History of the United States" ( 1896) ; and "Story of Marco Polo" ( 1896) .

All of Mr. Brooks' stories possess a high degree of imagination and construc- tiveness ; and with a wealth of wholesome incident and adventure, are both amusing and instructive. As a worker he was untir- ing, able to accomplish an enormous amount, and possessed of a remarkably re- tentive memory for facts and details. In his large circle of friends he was known as affable, jolly, and a good story teller, and enjoyed the close friendship of the majority of the public men of his time. He was a founder of the Authors' Club of New York- City, and belonged to the Century Club and New England Society. In religious faith he was an orthodox Congregationalist. active in church and charitable work, and held it his greatest privilege to aid many young men to a start in life.

Mr. Brook1- was married, in 1856, to Car- oline A., daughter of Oliver Fellows, of Salem, Massachusetts ; she died in Marys- ville. California, in 1862. He resided in New York City, spending his summers at

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

his country house at Castine, Maine, which with happy humor he christened "The Ark." Ik- died in 1903.

ABBETT, Leon,

Lawyer, Legislator, Governor.

Governor Leon Abbett, a man of dis- tinguished ability, and \\in- has left a marked impress upon the legislation of his State, descended from an English Quaker who emigrated to .Montgomery county, i ''-nnsylvania, about the mid he eigh-

teenth century. E/ekie! Abbett. a son of this emigrant, was a prosperous hatter; he married Sarah M. Howell, of a prominent Xew Jersey family, and they were the par- ents of ( iovernor Abbett, who was born in I 'liiladelphia, October 8, 1836. and died in Jersey City, December 4, 1884.

I le dimple-ted his education in the Central Nigh School, Philadelphia, from which he uas graduated in his seventeenth year, at the head of his class. He studied law under John \Y. Ashmead, of Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar in 1858. After practicing for a year in Philadelphia, he re- moved to Hoboken, and was admitted to the bars of New Jersey and New York, and \\ as associated in partnership with William J. A. I-'uller, of Xew York, until the death of last named, in 1889. Mr. Abbett's abil- ity, energy and eloquence gave him great prominence, and he was engaged in many important cases, and was recognized as an authority in cases involving municipal and corporation law.

Mis brilliant public career had its begin- ning in 1863, when he was elected corpora- lion counsel of Hoboken. A Democrat in politics, in iSM, he was elected to the legis- 1-iture, was re-elected the next year, and in both terms was chairman of the assembly Democratic cauciiv In 1 8u, he removed to Jer-<-y City, and represented the First As- sembly District in the legislature, from 1868 to 1870. being -peaker of the house the last two years of his terms. Tn 1860 he was

president of the Board of Education of Jer- sey City. In 1872 he was a delegate-at- large to the Democratic National Conven- tion at Baltimore, and one of its secretaries, and in 1876 was a delegate to the Demo- cratic National Convention in St. Louis. During this period he was corporation coun- sel for the city of Bayonne, and the town of Union, and subsequently served as such for Jersey City. In 1874, while in Europe, he was nominated for State senator, was elected, served three years and the last year was president of the senate. In 1878 he was elected by Governor McClellan a mem- ber of the commission to draft a general charter for the government of cities, and later Governor Ludlow appointed him to a commission to devise means for a more just method of taxation. In 1883 he was elected governor, and in his inaugural ad- dress he called attention to the inadequacy of the taxation system of the State, whereby railroads were practically exempted from taxation, and urged an immediate remedy ; the legislature passed a law imposing a tax on railroads and other corporations, and the same was upheld by the courts. He forced from the Morris & Essex Railroad Com- pany the surrender of an alleged irreparable contract with the State, exempting the road from taxation, and recovered from it $235,- ooo in back taxes, at the same time induc- ing other railroads to abandon their exemp- tion claims. At his instance the labor laws were wisely amended, and a series of acts passed for the better government of muni- cipalities. In his second term he procured the enactment of a ballot reform law. In 1887 he was the caucus candidate of his party for United States senator, but was defeated, and in 1889 was re-elected gov- ernor. He was chairman of the New Jer- sey delegation to the Democratic National Convention in 1880. He was frequently mentioned as a desirable candidate for the presidency. He died in Jersey City. Decem- ber 4. 1894.

28

I

r I € 4 4 4 4 4 4

'.• ,'•

I I I - '-'I ' .: ' [i if.. ' -- . •

. <

Ml , ' ti.-U.-r 8. i8tf>, ai

e studied 'law n.ilarldpiua

r \".

cl wa~ a-i

;lliam

. y.ar in F

the ]).•

was a

J. ;\

of last name

ity, em-'

proinim

important

authorit

in 1863,

• T had Us l>

- .-kvteil o:«rj.. A Democi i

L'ctt;.

:.(> •

1«?<1 tl:;- '•

i. •..

r'io house In »$6o he was

jer-

;ate-at-

onven-

• :es,

••no-

mis.

i) coun- •wn uch

was

last year

he

Mjm-

cral

and

: tO

a more . he was

.•: e->v.; naugural a.d-

h<: called at adequacy

••• ta\a;ioa system of the State, whereby

d from

urged 31 iate remedy;

passed a law imposing a tax

.ml other corporations, and the

iLirts. He forced

ad Com-

eparable

cmpting the road

ed from it $235,-

time induc-

their exemp-

ce the labor laws

eries of acts

government of muni-

second term he procured

a ballot reform law. In

•cus candidate of his

;'.tes senator, but was

; was re-elected gov-

nan of

Democ

•So He

a de?irrd>''- • ;i:-

presidency. He .-lie'! •:> '.•-••.

V, 1894

Jer- National frequently te for the . Decem-

I I ' II II

I I I I I I

III till

I I I

'

f

n

•

ft !

ft

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

NAST, Thomas,

Caricaturist, Painter.

Thomas Nast was born in Landau, Ba- varia, September 27, 1840, son of Thomas and Apollonia (Apres) Nast. His father, a musician of ability, for many years held a position in the Bavarian army, but in 1846, having received timely warning of the ap- proach of the revolution which two years later convulsed Europe, he emigrated to America with his family. For some time he was a member of the famous Philhar- monic Society of New York City, appearing frequently in concerts, etc.. and was en- gaged at the old Burton Theater, Chambers street. He died in 1856.

The son was educated in the New York public schools, and, displaying a decided talent for art, at the age of fourteen began a six-months' course of study with Theo- dore Kaufman, an artist of some note. He received no other training whatever, and immediately thereafter was employed in taking sketches and furnishing drawings for "Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper." In 1860 he sketched the Heenan-Sayers prize fight in England, for the New York "Il- lustrated News," and soon after went to Italy to follow the army of Garibaldi in the victorious campaign through Sicily and Cal- abria. He contributed numerous battle pic- tures to the illustrated press of New York, London, and Paris ; and as an aide on Gen- eral Garibaldi's staff was entrusted with several diplomatic missions of delicacy and importance. He returned to the United States in February, 1861, and continued his work with the "Illustrated News" until he formed a permanent connection with "Har- per's Weekly." in July, 1862. His Italian experience had given him a training in sketching battle scenes such as had been en- joyed by no other American artist ; and his work in this line during the remainder of the war, as well as his numerous pictorial comments on the current situations, wielded a vast influence on the side of the Union,

I. lacing "1 iarjurV Weekly" among the fore- most journals of the day. However, during the period of reconstruction, after the close of the war, Mr. Nast did his must mem- orable and historic work. His peerless pic- torial satires accomplished more against the inevitable corruption in government affairs than all the mass of invective evoked by the trying conditions of the times. From 1870 until 1875 he produced a succession of hum- orous cartoons setting forth tin- frauds and peculations of William M. Tweed and the "rings" which had seized control of the var- ious departments in New York City ; and as a consequence, public opinion was stirred, the matter investigated and the rings broken up. Mr. Nast continued his work for "Harper's Weekly" until the end of 1886, but finding himself unable to support the Republican nominees in 1884. became an ardent upholder of the Cleveland ticket. For several years after 1872, he prepared and published "Nast's Illustrated Almanac" and afterward illustrated the works of Petro- leum V. Nasby and other comic writers, as well as an edition of Robinson Crusoe, and furnished a set of colored caricatures of well known men for "Bal d' Opera." A particular feature of Mr. Xast's work, apart from his wonderful portraits, was the abil- ity to portray the individuality of his sub- jects by some characteristic pose or pecu- liarity of apparel, never leaving any uncer- tainty regarding the object of his satire. Thus, in the rotund figure with the money- bag face, none could fail to recognize Tweed. The characteristic coat and boots with the famous Gratz Brown tag always revealed Horace Greeley : and the exagger- ated eye-glasses and lank figure indicated that A. Oakey Hall was taking his turn up- on the rack. Mr. Nast's work in this direc- tion was one of the pioneer efforts in the substitution of the topical cartoon for the "leader" of the old fashioned newspaper. While comparatively few would read and appreciate the latter, the former appealed to all classes. Tweed once remarked that the

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

"leading" w;i- i>f little account, but that it tin- picture^ that bothered him. A new • •r:i in journalism thus l>egan. The spirited drawing with their varied symbolisms and relentless ridicule were a power in moving popular sentiment and compelling a right- ing of wrongs. Among the most noted symbols invented by Mr. Nast were the "Ameriens" tiger for Tammany, the Repub- lican (;.O. 1*. elephant, the Democratic jackass, the inflationist rag baby, the buz- zard clipped dollar, the bloody shirt of an- archy, and others which have become the common stock of present-day political cari- catures.

As a painter, Mr. Nast produced many works which for beauty of conception and execution hold high rank in American art. His largest painting, "The Departure of the -tli Kegiment from New York in 1861," now hang- in the regimental armory; and .miong his other notable productions are "Peace Again" (1865); "Lincoln Entering Richmond" (1808): "Saving the Flag" (18111 ) : " I Vace in Union" (nine by twelve Ei > t i, now in the public library at Galena, Illinois. (1895); "St. Nicholas" (1895), now hanging in the St. Nicholas club house, Xew York City: "Immortal Light of Gen- ius" (i8i/>>. painted for Sir Henry Irving. In 1873, 1875 and again in 1888 Mr. X'ast made lecturing tours though the

mini State-, accompanying his entertain- ing and witty talks with off-hand sketches and caricature- in colored crayons and in oil on canvas. In 1892 he conducted a paper knou n as ".Vast's Weekly." started against the New York police and continued for the presidential campaign, which con- tained many of his best effort- of late years, lie lived at Morristowu. New Jersey, devot- ing most of his time to painting and contrib- uting an occasional cartoon to some illus- trated paper. Socially he enjoyed a wide popularity: was happy and sanguine in tem- perament, and always ready with some jest or witticism, although at bottom more than ordinarily in earnest. It was the intensity

of his convictions that lent power to his pencil and made him prominent in all mat- ters he touched. Among the most treasured ornaments in his elegant residence was a splendid silver vase presented to him by the Union League Club of New York City in recognition of his services in the Federal cause ; and another in canteen shape, and with his portrait crowned in relief, presented by 3,500 officers and enlisted men in the United States army and navy. Mr. Nast was enlisted in the 7th Regiment at the time of the Orange riots in 1871, and was for many years a member of the 7th Regiment Veteran Club; also of the Union League since 1867, and of the Players since 1889. He was married. September 20, 1861, to Sarah, daughter of George and Sarah ( Leach) Edwards, of London, England. He died in 1902.

ALLEN, William Frederick,

Distinguished Metrologist.

William Frederick Allen was born in Rordentown, New Jersey, October 9, 1846, son of Colonel Joseph Warner Allen, a civil engineer, State Senator, Deputy Quarter- master-General, and Colonel of the gth New Jersey Volunteers, who, while serving with his regiment in Burnside's expedition on the coast of North Carolina. 1861-62, was drowned off Hatteras Inlet while endeav- oring to report to the commanding general during the storm, January 13, 1862.

William Frederick Allen attended the Protestant Episcopal Academy in Philadel- phia. Pennsylvania. In 1862. after his father's death, he became a rodman on the Camden & Am boy railroad, and in 1863 was promoted to be assistant engineer. He engaged in several roads then in course of '•instruction in New Jersey, and in 1868 was appointed resident engineer of the West Jersey railroad, and founded the town of Wenonah, New Jersey. On Oc- 'ober i. 1872. he became assistant editor of the "Travellers' Official Guide," and in

3°

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

May, 1873, vvas made its editor, and busi- ness manager of the National Railway Pub- lication Company, then of Philadelphia, afterwards of New York. In 1875 Mr- Allen was elected permanent secretary of the General Time Convention, composed of the general managers and superintend- ents of the principal railroad trunk lines, which then met to determine upon sched- ules of through trains on the eastern and western railroads. In the following year he was elected secretary of the Southern Time Convention, consisting of representa- tives of the leading southern railway lines. These conventions were consolidated in 1886, and from them the American Rail- way Association developed, and Mr. Allen became secretary. The adoption of stand- ard time, based upon the Greenwich mer- idian, on a detailed plan proposed by him. was largely due to the efforts of Mr. Allen. By unanimous resolutions of the conven- tions, he was accorded their thanks for the accomplishment of the practical part of the work which was principally done between August 15 and November 18. 1883. The same system was afterwards adopted in Japan, Australia, Germany, Austria, Swed- en, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, Holland, Roumania, Servia, and part of Turkey, for which purpose a large amount of informa- tion was furnished by Mr. Allen. Mr. Al- len was appointed by President Arthur one of the five delegates to represent the United States at the International Meridian Con- ference held in Washington in October, 1884. Twenty-five nations were repre- sented, and the Greenwich meridian was adopted as the prime meridian and stand- ard time of reckoning. An address de- livered by Mr. Allen on "Standard Time as Adopted in the United States" wa- re- printed in many languages, with the pro- ceedings of the conference. On April 22. 1890, he was elected an honorary member of the K. K. Geographical Society of Vienna, Austria, in recognition of his ser- vices in the adoption of standard time. He

was selected as one of eight delegates to represent the American Railway Associa- tion at the meeting of the International Railway Congress held in London, Eng- land, in June and July, 1895, at which the railways of thirty-six nations were repre- sented. He was one of the council of the American Metrological Society for intro- ducing the metric system ; a member of the American Kconomic Society; of the Amer- ican Society for the Advancement of Science ; of the American Academy of Poli- tical and Social Science, and of the Ameri- can Statistical Association.

BURNS, John,

Civilian Hero of Gettysburg.

John Burns, whose courageous but un- military conduct at the famous battle of Gettysburg, in July, 1803, was made the theme of one of Bret Harte's most stirring poetical effusions, was a native of New Jer- sey, born in Burlington, September 5, 1793. In the War of 1812 with Great Britain, he was among the earliest volunteers, and in the battle of Lundy's Lane was of Colonel Miller's regiment, which turned the tide of battle in favor of the Americans. He also >erved in the Mexican War, but record of his service is not available. In 1861, the opening year of the Civil War period, not- withstanding his extreme age of sixty- eight years, he again volunteered for mili- tary service, but of course was rejected by the examining surgeon. However, he se- cured an engagement as an army teamster, but when opportunity offered, left his team and went into the ranks, musket in hand. When the Confederate troops reached Get- tysburg, Pennsylvania, in July, 1863, he was a resident of the place, and occupying the position of constable. Asserting his posi- tion as a guardian of the peace, he busied himself with denouncing the invaders and ordering them to leave the place, for which officiousness he was locked up by the Con- federates in his own calaboose. However,

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

In- managed to release himself, and will) a musket and ammunition taken from a wounded soldier, kept up a fire against the enemy during a whole day, only ceas- ing when he received a wound, was made prisoner, and narrowly escaped instant exe- cutioii as a non-uniformed and civilian com- hatant, who had by his conduct forfeited his right:- t<> anv consideration. After the restoration of peace, he made his home on the battle field and was made a favorite by visitors, to whom he described the events in which he had participated, and who re- warded him with generous liberality. He was always erratic, possibly illy balanced, and eventually lost his mind. On one oc- casion of mental aberration, he wandered to New York, and one night in December, 1871, was found in the street, almost froz- en. His identity becoming known, be was taken in charge, cared for, and when par- tially recovered was taken to his home in ( i< •ttysburg, where he died, February /, the following year.

RUMSEY, George Benjamin,

Prominent Financier.

Three generations of the Rumseys have been connected with the cashier's depart- ment of the Salem Banking Company, this service beginning in 1842 with George Clark Rumsey, who was cashier until his death in 1851. In course of time his son, Henry Martin Rumsey, came into the bank's ser- vice, becoming cashier in 1881, an office he yet holds. In turn, his son, George B. Rumsey, has maintained a connection with the bank since 1865 — the Salem National Hanking Company, became assistant to his father, and was holding that office at the time of his death. The record of the first Rumsey was that he was "one of the most efficient officers connected with the insti- tution." Of Henry M. Rumsey it may be recorded that he is in every way a worthy successor to his father, and that he has been a pillar of strength to the institution with

which he has been associated for nearly half a century. Of George B. Rumsey, of the third generation, no eulogy is too glow- ing. He possessed all the graces of mind and personal characteristics of his sires, and in the bank was the constant influence that dispelled clouds and frowns, pouring oil upon the troubled waters that often threatened to destroy friendly relations be- tween bank and customers, his rare tact, unfailing self control, and kindly words re- storing confidence and good feeling. Ster- ling in his integrity, capable in his work. and thoroughly familiar with every detail of modern banking, he was a valued assis- tant to his father, whose increasing years welcomed the strong support of the son's devotion. He literally died in the harness, as but the day previous to his death he had returned from a meeting of the American Bankers' Association at Richmond, Vir- ginia, and the following morning was at his desk in the bank as usual. A few hours later his honorable term of fifteen years service with the bank ended, the last deposit received, the last check paid, and the ac- count closed. Grandfather, father, and son — of these but one remains, Henry M. Rumsey, who, despite his years, is still the able, thorough-going cashier and man of affairs.

George B. Rumsey came of honored an- cestry, his family dating in Salem county. New Jersey, from George C. Rumsey, grandson of Colonel Charles Rumsey, an officer of the Revolution, from Cecil county, Maryland. Colonel Charles was a descend- ant of Charles Rumsey, who came to Amer- ica from Wales in 1665, landing at Charles- ton, South Carolina, later visiting and in- vestigating in New York and Philadelphia, finally, prior to 1678, choosing a location in Cecil county, Maryland, at the head of the Bohemia river. He willed considerable land to his sons, who continued to reside in Cecil county. Edward Rumsey, one of the sons of the founder, was left one hun- dred acres on the river, and his son. James

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

Rumsey, was the inventor of a method of propelling boats by a stream of water forced through a cylinder, passing out at the stern of the boat. He was born at the Bohemia river farm in 1/43, but at the time of per- fecting his invention was living in Vir- ginia. In 1792 he was in London. England, in the interests of his invention, was there stricken with apoplexy and died.

The line of descent to George B. Rum- sey was through William Rumsey, son of Charles Rumsey, the emigrant from Wales. William was born April 21, 1698, and be- came one of the largest landowners of Ce- cil county, his will distributing about thirty- five thousand acres to his heirs. His home on Middle Neck, Cecil county, Maryland, was one of the finest of colonial mansions, a massive brick building containing thirty rooms, and there he dispensed a royal hos- pitality. He was a noted civil engineer and surveyor, laid out Fredericktown, located the temporary boundary line between Mary- land and Pennsylvania in 1739, and also aid- ed in other important surveying operations in Maryland. He was United States Collec- tor of Customs and one of the leading men of his section. He married Sabina Blanken- burg, and at his death in 1742 left sons and daughters, all generously remembered in his will.

Colonel Charles Rumsey, son of William and Sabina (Blankenburg ) Rumsey, was born at the Cecil county mansion of the Rumsey s in 1736. He was a leading pub- lic man of his day, a member of the Coun- cil in 1775, a member of the Committee of Safety in 1776, and a colonel of the Elk Battalion, Cecil County Militia, rendering important service in field and council. With the children of Colonel Charles Rumsey, Ce- cil county ceased to be the family seat. The name is now almost unknown there, but the descendants of the Welsh ancestor have achieved prominence in many other locali- ties where they have made their homes. Colonel Charles Rumsey married Abigail Jane Caner, daughter of Reverend Richard

.1-3

and Emma (Oxon) Caner, the former a clergyman of the Episcopal church in Cecil county.

Benjamin, son of Colonel Charles Rumsey, was born in Cecil county, Maryland, Janu- ary 26, 1772. died April i, 1803. He was a wealthy landowner and man of prom- inence. He married Mary, daughter of George Clark, of Middletown, Delaware. Children: Charles, Ann Jane, married Ba- con Ware, George C, and Eliza B.

George Clark, son of Benjamin and Mary (Clark) Rumsey, was born in Middletown, Delaware, November 24, 1798, died in Sa- lem, New Jersey, December 28, 1851. His early life was spent in Delaware, his early business life in Salem, where he was a mer- chant until 1841. Six years prior to that time he had been elected a director of the Salem Banking Company, and in the board had displayed such wisdom and financial aptitude that in 1842 he was elected cashier of the bank, serving with the greatest zeal and ability in that position and as director until his death. He was a man of wide ex- perience and sound judgment, qualities that made him a valuable partner in many busi- ness enterprises in which he was engaged outside of the bank. He owned consider- able land in Salem county, and although stricken in the prime of life with a fatal illness accomplished a vast amount of good in his community. He was an elder of the First Presbyterian Church of Salem, and a Whig in politics, having been a Democrat in early life. He married Margaret Ca- narroe, born in 1797, died April Q, 1883, daughter of Antrim and Margaret (Me- cum) Canarroe, the former a descendant of Roger and Elizabeth (Stevenson) Canarroe (originally Conars) who came from Devon- shire, England, in 1681 and settled in Sa- lem. Margaret ( Mecum ) Canarroe was a daughter of William and Eleanor (Sinnick- son) Mecum. of the ancient Salem county families of Sinnickson and Mecum, else- where recorded in this work.

Henry M., only child of George C. and

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

Margaret I • 'anarroe i Rumsey, was born in Salem, New Jersey, August 24, 1838, and has spent In- years (seventy-seven) in his native city. Since 1863 lie has been of- ficially connected with the Salem National Banking Company, the tirst four years as director only, then as clerk; from 1871 to 1881 as assistant cashier, and since 1881 as cashier, his combined -crvices covering near- ly a half century of banking experience \\ith the original Salem 1 tanking Company and the present Salem National Banking ( 'ompany. I le is an elder of the First Pres- byterian Church, is one of the charter mem- bers of the New Jersey Society, Sons of the Revolution, and is one of the valuable men of his city. He married, November 24, 1859, Maria Elliott, daughter of Benjamin and Mary Uassett, of Mannington town- ship. Children: Margaret C, married Thomas Tatnall, of Wilmington, Delaware; George Benjamin ; Mary Acton, married R. Wyatt Wistar. of Salem, New Jersey. Maria Elliott (Bassett) Rumsey was born \ugust 22, 1837, died September 6, igio. In November, 1909, Mr. and Mrs. Rumsey cel- ebrated the golden anniversary of their wed- ding day at their Salem home, their many friends and close relatives joining in felic- itation and gifts. She was a woman of sweetness of character, of alert mind, ac- tive in good works, and greatly beloved.

George Benjamin, only son of Henry M. and Maria Elliott (Bassett) Rumsey, was born in Salem, June 7, 1865, died in his na- tive city, October 16, 1914, after but a few hours' illness. He was educated in the pub- lic schools of Salem, and as a voting man began business life in the service of the Sa- lem ( HI Cloth Works, a concern with which lie was associated in responsible position for fifteen years. Subsequently he was em- ployed in the office of the Collector of In- ternal Revenue, at Cnmden, resigning his position to contract relations with the Salem National Banking Company, with which service the family name is conspicuously

connected. He was his father's assistant in the office of cashier at the time of his death, energetic, willing, and capable, and the com- pany feels the loss of a useful member, its personnel mourning a true friend.

His straightforward, upright life com- pelled admiration, as a pleasing and agree- able manner won liking. His influence in Salem was that which belongs to a life lived openly and cleanly, dominated by strong purpose and guided by lofty principle. The high ideals that he made his aim were never lowered under trial, and many who knew him testify to the personal value of his example and effort. He was a mem- ber and treasurer of the First Presbyterian Church, and like his grandfather and father held the office of ruling elder. His only public office was that of city treasurer, to which he was elected as a Republican, a party he always favored. Among several other fraternal connections he was a mem- ber of the Masonic order, and at his death was treasurer of the Fenwick Club, an of- fice he had previously held in the Salem Country Club.

George B. Rumsey married, December 1 8, 1906, Constance, daughter of Constant M. and Maria H. (Smith) Eakin, who sur- vives him. a resident of Salem. Children : Constance Canarroe, born December i, 1907; Eleanor Margaret. January n, 1909; Alice May Eakin, August 20, 1911. These children are great-great-great-grandchildren of Judge William Hancock, who was killed by the Queen's Rangers, a body of Tories and British, in the doorway of his own home at Hancock's Bridge, on the night of March 21. 1778. The memory of those who per- ished in the massacre at the Hancock house is fittingly preserved by a memorial tablet irected by Oak Tree Chapter, D. A. R., of Salem, unveiled by Miss Constance D. Eakin, great-great-granddaughter of Judge Hancock. June 14, 1903. Judge Hancock was a grandson of William Hancock, the founder of the Hancock family in Salem.

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

EAKIN, Constant M.,

Financier, Pnblio Official.

Among the Salem lawyers of more than half a century ago, preeminent place was accorded Alphonso L. Eakin, who for for- ty-five years occupied a position at the bar that was in itself expressive recognition of exceptionally able talent. Following him in connection with Salem institutions and enterprises was Constant M. Eakin, who, a native of Salem, there passed his entire life.

It is now more than a quarter of a cen- tury since Constant M. Eakin followed his accustomed paths in the place of his birth, paths that were wider and penetrated into more activities than many of his contem- poraries realized. To Constant M. Eakin fell the misfortune of possessing a physique that in strength and vigor fell far behind his mental powers, and he was deprived by bodily weakness from assuming the place of leadership in activity among his fellows to which his capacity of mind and intellect entitled him. Thus handicapped in his work of life, he nevertheless made felt a strong influence, his plans executed by oth- ers, the deeds he would have done per- formed by other hands. To the public he was known through his presidency of the Salem National Bank and as a silent part- ner in many other enterprises. In his pub- lic spirited generosity his means were often used to carry through periods of financial uncertainty industrial and commercial con- cerns whose existence was of benefit to the city, and all worthy projects in Salem found in him a friend and supporter. Thus, though by nature and endowments a leader and organizer, physical frailties compelled him to restrain his desires, to conserve his energy, and to make others his representa- tives in the fields he could not enter in per- son. The honor that was accorded him by those who knew of his private life was as sincere and enduring as though he had him- self taken prominence in many fields, and

his aid, suggestions, and encouragement, his invaluable work as a helper, often told the true story of success.

Johnson, in his "Historical Account of the First Settlement of Salem," states that in 1778 Rev. Samuel Eakin became pastor of Penn's Neck Presbyterian Church, con- tinuing until the close of the American Rev- olution. He was in the opinion of the his- torian, "raised up especially by Providence to aid Jerseymen in their exertion to over- throw the enemies of our country, and was considered scarcely inferior to the celebrated Whitfield. He was a true Whig and an ar- dent defender of the American cause. Wherever there were military trainings or an order issued for a detachment of sol- diers to march he was there if in his power to be there and address them and by his most powerful eloquence would rouse their feelings to the highest pitch. Such was the inspiring effect of his eloquence operating upon the passions of the military in so wonderful a manner that they were ever ready to lay down their lives for their coun- try. The soldiers not only loved him but they idolized him. Such a man was Chap- lain Samuel Eakin." He was of French descent and one of a family that later was prominent in official life in Washing- ton and of importance in many other com- munities. He is the first of the family men- tioned in Salem county records although the history of that county has been en- riched by the deeds of his descendants.

Alphonso L. Eakin, father of Constant M. Eakin, was born in the province of Lor- raine, France, June 27, 1799, son of Samuel Eakin, of Mount Holly, New Jersey, who at the time of the birth of his son was serving the United States government in official capacity in Lorraine. After the re- turn of the family to the United States, Alphonso L. completed his studies, and prior to 1822 located in Salem, New Jer- sey, where he studied law under William N. Jeffers. He was licensed an attorney in 1822, a counsellor in 1825, and practiced

35

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

law in Salem from his admission to the bar until his death, October 29, 1866. He was a very successful lawyer, noted for mi- nute preparation and careful procedure, and applied his vast legal learning to his daily practice in a manner skillful and able. Ac- curacy of statement, certainty of authority, and a convincing manner of presentation were noticeable points in all of his argu- ments, and he was known widely for his integrity and uprightness. From under his tuition there developed several lawyers whose records were a credit to his teach- ing, a source of inspiration they gladly ac- knowledged. Alphonso L. Eakin was a far- sighted and progressive business man as well as a lawyer of profound learning, and during the forty-five years of his practice in Salem by wise investments accumulated a fortune. He is buried in the First Pres- byterian Cemetery, Salem, and his wife, Eliza, born January 5, 1805, died October 1 6, 1879, lies by his side.

Constant M., son of Alphonso L. and Eliza Eakin, was born in Salem, New Jer- sey, June 2, 1843, died there April 26, 1885. He was well educated, and at the end of his school years began his quiet con- nection with Salem enterprises. In 1878 he was elected president of the Salem Na- tional Rank, a position he most capably filled until his death. He served his city as a member of council, and in a little noticed, unobtrusive way aided by influence, voice, and means all those enterprises that date from his period. Although a greatly be- loved member of the Fenwick Club and an "out-of-town" member of the Philadelphia Club, he was emphatically a home lover and there spent his happiest hours. His im- pulses were noble, and sprang from a heart full of sympathy and brotherhood. He was of a sensitive nature, and this, coupled with a reticent disposition, made him loth to reveal his true physical condition, the public not at all understanding his poor state of health. But he fought the grim destroyer bravely, and until about three

months before his death was not absent from his usual pursuits. He is buried in the family plot in the Presbyterian Ceme- tery, at Salem, by the side of his honored father and mother.

Mr. Eakin married Maria H., daughter of Thomas Smith, who survives him, a resident of Salem, with her daughters, Constance, widow of George B. Rumsey, and Eleanor, unmarried.

MILLER, Jacob W.,

Lawyer, Statesman.

One of the picturesque figures in the political arena during ante-bellum days was Jacob W. Miller, the last Whig Sena- tor from New Jersey. Possessed of very strong and sincere convictions, he added to them the greatest industry, complete faith- fulness to those who depended on him. and a high degree of tact. Eloquence seemed to be a family possession in which at least his brother, William W. Miller, shared in an unusual degree, since, though he died a young man, he has left behind him a repu- tation for eloquence in the New Jersey bar which perseveres to this day.

Jacob W. Miller was born in 1800, i German Valley, Morris county, New Jersey, and received in boyhood an excellent edu- cation. He determined upon the law as a profession and studied with his elder brother, William W. Miller, whose elo- quence has just been remarked. He was admitted to the bar, and began at once a practice which his great ability soon in- creased to large dimensions. He was for a time associated in partnership with Ed- ward W. Whelpley, a brilliant young law- yer who afterwards became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey.

In 1838, Jacob W. Miller was sent to the State Legislature, where his ability as a speaker and wisdom as a counsellor were so conspicuous that the same Legislature in 1840 elected him to Congress as United States Senator from New Jersey. Here it

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

was that he distinguished himself greatly by his eloquence and energy. To dis- tinguish oneself for eloquence in the United States Senate at that period has an unusual meaning, when we remember that there were congregated there Webster, Clay, Calhoun, and many others whose names have become immortal for this very quality. Of this brilliant group Miller formed one, and he was not unworthy of his company. It is said that he did not speak frequently, but was a keen listener and a great student of every measure in- troduced into the body, and that, when he would break his silence, there was no one listened to with more attention and respect. He proposed vigorously many new ideas that were coming to have influence with the people, and which he regarded as sub- versive of the sound principles upon which the government was founded. Among these was the annexation of Texas, which act he thought totally at variance with the spirit of freedom in our institu- tions. He delivered a most effective address against the proposal, in which he declared that if Texas brought with her the riches of India, he would reject her, and quoted Aristides' report to Athens upon the strat- egy of Themistocles : "Nothing could be more advantageous, but at the same time nothing could be more unjust." He was fighting, however, for a lost cause, and in 1855, two years after he had lost his seat to a Democratic successor, he gave up the unequal strife. It was not, however, for lack of faith in his cause, nor its final vic- tory. He hailed the new Republican party as the deliverer, and allied himself with it heart and soul, throwing the whole force of his character and the whole power of his eloquence into the cause of the Union. He spoke and worked indefatigably for this, his ideal, and, though he could not but view with apprehension the approaching conflict, he never for a moment feared for the final outcome. He foresaw, but was not permitted to view, the event, as death

37

claimed him in the year 1862, at his home in Morristown. In many particulars his fortune was paralleled by that of his emi- nent contemporary and fellow statesman, Theodore Frelinghuysen, whose politics, like Miller's, were conservative, who also fought as long as might be with the Whigs, who finally allied himself with the new Re- publican party, and fought his best for the preservation of the Union, and who, like Miller, was denied the happiness of seeing the outcome of their efforts, dying, as did also Miller, in 1862. As an example at once of Miller's faith and of his eloquence, the following words from an oration de- livered in Morristown will serve admir- ably:

Let us not be moved by the cry of fanatics, nor alarmed at the threats of secessionists ; they are as the angry waves which vainly howl about the battlements and spend their fury upon the unshaken towers of our political fortress. Poli- ticians may fret and fume ; State conventions may resolve and re-resolve ; and Congress itself be- come the arena of fearful agitations ; but above and around, as in a mighty amphitheatre, in undisturbed and undismayed majesty, stands the American people, with steady eye and giant hand, overlooking all and governing all ; and wo ! wo ! to the man, and destruction to the State, that attempts to resist their supreme au- thority.

Mr. Miller died in Morristown, Septem- ber 30. 1862, leaving a widow (a daughter of George P. Macculloch), and several children.

DU PONT, Samuel Francis,

Distinguished Naval Officer.

Admiral Samuel Francis Du Pont was born at Bergen Point, New Jersey, Sep- tember 27, 1803, son of Victor Marie Du Pont de Nemours. He was appointed a midshipman in the navy from the State of Delaware, on December 19, 1815, his first service being on the "Franklin," in the Eu- ropean squadron, from which ship he was transferred to the "Erie" on the same sta- tion. In 1821 he returned to the Mediter-

CYCLOPEDL-v 07 NEW JERSEY

ranean, serving for a year on the "Consti- tution," until ordered home for examina- tion, after which he was attached to the "Congress," in the West Indies and on the coast of Brazil. He was again in the Med- iterranean in 1824 in the "North Caro- lina," of which vessel he became sailing master, four months of this cruise being ^niit on the "Porpoise," to which he was ordered soon after his promotion as lieu- tenant. April 28, 1826. Attached to the "Ontario" in 1829, he made another three years' cruise in European waters, and from 1835 to 1838 was executive officer of the "Warren" and of the "Constellation," and commanded the "Grampus" and the "War- ren" in the Gulf of Mexico. In September of the latter year he joined the "Ohio," flagship of Commodore Hull in the Medi- terranean squadron, his cruise ending in 1841. Promoted commander in 1842 he sailed for China in the "Perry," but a se- vere illness forced him to give up his com- mand and return home. In 1849 ne was ordered to the Pacific as commander of the "Congress," the flagship of Commodore Stockton.

The Mexican War had begun when the ship arrived in California, and Du Pont was assigned to the command of the "Cy- ane," July 23, 1846. With this vessel he captured San Diego, took possession of La Paz, the capital of Lower California, spiked the guns of San Bias, and entered the har- bar of Guaymas, burning two gunboats and cutting out a Mexican brig under a heavy fire. These operations cleared the Gulf of California of hostile vessels, some thirty of which were taken or destroyed. He took part in the capture of Mazatlan under Com- modore Shtihrick. November 1 1, 1847, lead- ing the line of boats which entered the main harbor. On February 15, 1848. Du Pont lauded at San Jose with a naval force and engaged a large body of Mexicans, march- ing three miles inland and successfully re- lieving Lieutenant Heywood's detachment, closely besieged in the Mission House and

about to surrender. Later he led or sent out various expeditions into the interior which cooperated with Colonel Burton and Lieutenant (afterward General) Halleck, who were moving southward, clearing the country of hostile troops and taking many prisoners. Ordered home in 1848, he be- came captain in 1855, and two years later went on special service to China in com- mand of the "Minnesota," witnessing while there the naval operations of the French and English forces, notably their capture of the Chinese forts on the Peiho. After visiting Japan. India and Arabia, he re- turned with his ship to Boston, in May,

1859.

Placed in command of the Philadelphia Navy Yard on December 31, 1860, he took, on his own responsibility, the most prompt and energetic measures, when the Civil War opened in 1861. When communica- tion with Washington was cut off, he sent a naval force to the Chesapeake to protect the landing of troops at Annapolis. In June, 1861. he was made president of a board which convened at Washington to elaborate a general plan of naval operations against the Confederate States. Appointed flag officer in September, he led the expedi- tion which sailed from Norfolk in the fol- lowing month, no American officer having before commanded so large a fleet. On November "j he successfully attacked the strong fortifications defending Port Royal harbor. Ably planned and skillfully exe- cuted, this engagement is justly regarded as one of the most brilliant achievements of our navy. His unarmored vessels, divided into main and flanking divisions, steamed into the harbor in two parallel columns. The flanking division, after engaging the smaller fort and drawing back the enemy's vessels, took position to enfilade the princi- pal work, before which the main column, led by the flagship "Wabash." passed and re- passed in elliptical course, its tremendous fire inflicting heavy damage. Although the casualties during the engagement were in-

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JKKSKY

considerable, its importance is not to be 'measured by the small number of killed and wounded — indicative, in this case, of the professional ability and tactical skill with which the victory was won. The bat- tle of Port Royal, occurring a little less than seven months after the fall of Fort Sumter, was of surpassing value in its mor- al and political effect, both at home and abroad. It gave us one of the finest har- bors on the Atlantic seaboard, which af- forded an admirable base for future opera- tions by the establishment of coaling sta- tions, shops and supply depots. Du Pont actively followed up his victory ; Tybee Is- land was seized, giving a foothold for the reduction of Fort Pulaski by the army ; a combined naval and military force destroyed the batteries at Port Royal ferry ; the sounds and inland waters of Georgia and the east coast of Florida were occupied ; St. Mary's, Fernandina, Jacksonville, and other places were captured, and Fort Clinch and the fort at St. Augustine retaken ; fourteen blockading stations were established, all thoroughly effective save that off Charles- ton, where the vessels at command were in- sufficient to cover the circuit of twenty- three miles. In recognition of his services, Du Pont received the thanks of Congress and was appointed rear-admiral to rank from July 16, 1862. Toward the close of the year, several armored vessels were added to his command, mostly of the mon- itor type — one of which destroyed the Con- federate steamer "Nashville." when aground near Fort McAllister, Georgia. Desiring to measure the ironclads against forts com- manding obstructed channels. Admiral Du Pont sent three monitors, supported by six other ships, to engage Fort McAllister, upon which they were unable to make any im- pression on account of the small number of their guns and the slowness of their fire. This satisfied the admiral that their offen- sive power had been overrated, and he re- ported to the Navy Department that what-

39

ever degree of impenetrability monitors might have, there was no corresponding. i|ti;ility of destructiveness as against forts. On April 7, 1863, Du Pont, taking command of his nine armored vessels, made a resolute attempt to take Charleston. Unable to manoeuvre in the tortuous channel leading to the harbor, which was filled with obstruc- tions and torpedoes, the ironclads were ex- posed to a terrible cross-fire from a hun- dred guns of the heaviest calibres. His flagship, the "Ironsides," which was lead- ing, steered so badly under the influence of the current that it was twice necessary to drop anchors to bring her head to the prop- er direction, and when within fifteen hun- dred yards or less of Fort Sumter she lay for a considerable time directly over a huge torpedo, which, fortunately for those on board, the electrician at Battery Wagner was unable to explode. Darkness approach- ing, the ships were withdrawn with the in- tention of continuing the engagement on the following day, but when morning came, one of the ironclads having foundered from in- juries received during the engagement ( in which she was struck ninety times), and five others being wholly or partially dis- abled (many of them having received over fifty shots). Admiral Du Pont wisely de- termined not to invite a great disaster by a renewal of the attack. The action was fought in pursuance of express instruc- tions from the Navy Department, its prob- able results not having been unforeseen by the admiral who had given it as his opinion that the co-operation of troops was neces- sary to success. Time has confirmed the absolute correctness of Du Pont's judg- ment ; his able successor, with a larger force of armored ships, was no more fortunate, and Charleston only fell upon the approach of Sherman's army. In June the ironclad ram "Atlanta" came out of Savannah, and Du Pont sent two monitors to intercept her. one of which, under Commodore Rogers, succeeded in capturing her after a brief

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

engagement. This was the last important incident of Admiral Du Font's command, from which he was relieved, July 5, 1863. During the intervals of more than twenty- five years of service at sea, he was almost constantly employed on duties of import- ance, and was conspicuous in the improve- ment and development of the navy. A mem- ber of the board which drew up the plan of reorganization of the Xaval Academy, he was one of the officers who afterward re- vised and extended the system then adopt- ed. He served on the lighthouse board, took part in two revisions of the rules and regu- lations for the navy and was a very prom- inent member of the Xaval Retiring Board of 1X55. lie was also the author of vari- ous papers on professional subjects; among others, one on corporal punishment in the navy, and one on the use of floating bat- teries for coast defense, which has since been republished and is largely quoted from by Sir Howard Douglas in his work on naval gunnery. In 1833 Admiral Du Pont married his cousin, Sophie Madeleine Du 1'ont, who survived him. He died at Phil- adelphia, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1865. In 1882 Congress enacted that the circle at the intersection of Massachusetts and Connec- ticut avenues in the city of Washington should be called "Du Pont Circle," and by subsequent legislation provided for the erec- tion there of a bronze statue of Rear-Ad- miral Du Pont. This lasting monument to his fame and memory was completed in 1884.

QUINBY. James M.,

Manufacturer. Progressive Citizen.

James Moses Ouinby, son of Jotham and I.illias (Smith) Quinby, was born in Orange, New Jersey, October 5, 1804. died in Newark. July 20, 1874. The Quinby family are believed to have come into Eng- land with the Danes, the first of record being in Yorkshire, 1341, by name Hugh de Quarniby. The arms of the family are:

Argent, two bars sable in chief, a Cornish chough proper. Crest : A Cornish chough armed.

The American line of descent is through Thomas Quinby. who landed in Salem, Massachusetts, 1643-46 ; his son Robert, a ship carpenter, of record in Norfolk coun- ty, Massachusetts ; his son William, one of the founders of Stratford, Connecticut; his son John, a proprietor of New Castle, Westchester county, New York, and ap- pointed a magistrate by Governor Stuyves- ant, 1662 ; his son, Josiah ; his son Josiah (2), born in 1692; his son Josiah (3), settled in Orange, New Jersey, about 1746, a large land owner and farmer, at what is now Llewellyn Park : his son Moses ; his son Jotham, who resided in a stone house on Scotland street, South Orange, tearing down the old house and using the stone for the basement walls of a new residence.

James Moses Ouinby, after completing his years of apprenticeship at the carriage- maker's trade with John C. Hedenberg, entered the employ of G. & A. K. Carter, a noted early Newark carriage building firm, and became foreman of their shop, so skilled a workman and so capable a man- ager was he. In 1834 the Carters failed in business, when, to save himself, Mr. Quin- by purchased the plant and continued bus- iness on his own account, later admitting as partners George M. Spencer, his book- keeper, and Isaac Young, his foreman, and establishing the young firm of J. M. Quin- by & Company, now the veteran firm of the same name, J. M. Quinby & Company, although twentieth century invention has largely changed the character of the busi- ness. The Ouinby carriage became a local favorite, then business was extended throughout the south, and a local branch factory and repository established at Montgomery, Alabama. For forty years Mr. Ouinby manufactured carriages in Newark, his shops and yards located or Broad street, between Mechanic and Fa.<- streets, where the station and freight sheds

4 4 *

• «

€ <

* « tf

A I

• *

• i

V.

€*€***

* t %%nt t «^t

m mm

! "pro

• .' more than twenty-

-

:.••!•• n

' . . ' . •. . « .

' k •"' • >• :• •!•.• r>"

'.'.-tv - 1- '•

«r

ense, 833 Admiral

v M >,,- Ma -i.-',-V

avenues in tne city ot Washington \ be called "Du Pont Circle." and l»y

uent legislation provided for the erec- rwre of a bronze statue of Rear- Ad -

Du Pont. This lasting monument to ame and memory was completed in

sturer. Prc

Tames Moses and Lillias (Srr

unby, son of Jotham Oiiinhy, wa-; born in '"K-tober 5.

in Newark, July 20. 1*74. The Quinby family are believed t-> ha-? mrnt- into Eng- land with the Danes, the first of record being in Yorkshire, 1341, by name Hugh de Quarmby. The arms of the family are:

Cornish h chough

The American line o' Quinby. who Massachusetts, 1643-40 shi carenter of recoi

Stratfo , a proprieto!

ity, New ;y G

•iescent is through landed in Salem, his son Robert, "a n Morfolk coun- n William, one of onl. Connecticut; r of New Castle, York, and ap- ernor Stuyves-

siah : his son Josiah

,iis son Josiah (3),

A- Jersey, about 1746,

; and farmt-r, at what is

his son Moses; his

resided in a stone house

:, South Orange, tearing

,«1 using the stone for

a new residence.

juinby, aft'j-r completing

eship at the carriage-

John C. Hedenberg,

i.e employ of G. & A. K. Carter, a

early Newark carriage building firm,

and became foreman of their shop, so

3jv- wa--. he. In 1834 the Carters failed in

ess, when, to save himself, Mr. Quin-

•rrhascj the plant and continued bus-

on his own account, later admitting

•rs George M. Spencer, his book-

md Isaac Young, his foreman, and

•iishing the young firm- of J. M. Quin-

i Company, now the veteran firm of

ame name, J- M. Quinby & Company,

although twentieth century invention has

largely changed the character of the busi-

ness. The Quinby carriage became a local

favorite, then business was extended

throughout the south, and a local branch

factory and repository established at

Montgomery, Alabama. For forty years

Mr. Quinbr manufactured carriages in

Newark, his shops and yards located or

Broad street, between Mechanic and Fa.r

streets. wh<*rc the station and freight sheds

•

ICA

9

•< f ! I II

PUBLIC LIBRARY

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

of the Newark & New York railroad now stand. He continued in successful business until his death in 1874, and it was largely owing to the excellence of the carriages manufactured under his supervision that Newark-made carriages became famous through the United States, their fame also extending to Europe. He was interested in many Newark business enterprises, one being the Newark Savings Institution, of which he was the original manager, and chairman of the funding committee ; and another, the New Jersey Fire Insurance Company. He was a devoted churchman, a prominent member of Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church, and for many years a vestryman. Politically he was an old time Whig, and if he had a hobby it was his love for political work and management. He was always present and active at pri- mary elections ; was invariably a delegate to important State and County Conven- tions, and was a potent force in making nominations. When the death knell of the old Whig party sounded, he was not one of the mourners, having actively embraced the cause of the first candidate of the new Republican party in 1856, General John C. Fremont. He advocated Republican prin- ciples with all the intensity of his strong nature, and in so doing sacrificed a for- tune, through incurring the bitter enmity of his large army of patrons in the south. This was not an incident of the war, but a proposition put squarely before him to ac- cept or reject. In 1860 several Southern States passed laws requiring Northern men doing business in the South to renounce the avowed anti-slavery principles of the Re- publican party under the penalty of having their property within these States forfeit- ed. Mr. Quinby refused to comply, and this refusal caused him great loss. He was one the fathers of the party in Newark and in New Jersey, and was one of its hon- ored heads for many years. He was one of the first State Senators elected by the party from Essex county, and one of the

41

first in the State, serving in 1860-62. He had previously, in 1851, been elected Mayor of Newark by the Whigs, serving until 1854, being twice re-elected, the ten- ure of the office being one year, and no salary being attached to the office. He is further remembered as a member of the old Volunteer Fire Department, in which he took a deep interest. He gave the city a good business administration and retired from office, honored and respected, even by his political foes. He also was a mem- ber of the board of water commissioners. He was a man of pleasing personality, un- assuming and modest, a true soldier of the "common good", aiding whenever and wherever he could to advance the public welfare.

He married Phoebe Ayres, daughter of Richard and Hannah (Hays) Sweazy, a de- scendant of Samuel Sweazy, of Southold, Long Island, and Roxbury, Massachusetts, born March 29, 1689, died May n, 1759. Children of James M. Quinby: i. Annie Emeline, deceased, married, in 1865, Nel- son Wright, and had children, Albert Wa- terman, deceased, Louisa Elise, married Arthur H. Mackie, and has children, Eliz- abeth Quinby, and Nelson Wright Mackie.

2. Marie Antoinette, born in Park Place, Newark, in 1846, and died there after a long illness, March 7. 1909. She was a graduate of Saint Mary's School, Burling- ton, New Jersey, beautiful in person, with a cultured mind, and was a leader in soci- ety until her retirement through ill health. Intense patriotism was her ruling passion, and with all her powers of mind even at personal sacrifice, she aided many a good cause. She inherited her father's wise executive ability, and using her in- fluence for good, she accomplished much for the betterment of those she aimed to help. Not only did she work through local channels, but at the time of the war with Spain, she exerted herself per- sonally, leading with others in outfitting the hospital ship "Solace", also spending

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

days and night;- at the railroad station assisting the returning soldiers who through sickness or wounds needed aid. She was the organizer of section n, Army and Navy Relief Society, and its only pres- ident. In 1892 she was appointed by the State authorities to represent New Jersey in the interest of women at the World's Fair ; was for many years a member of the board of managers of the Colonial Dames ; was a member of Trent Chapter, Daugh- of the American Revolution; was founder of the Woman's Branch of the New Jersey Historical Society, and presi- dent from its organization, devoting a great deal of time to its upbuilding. While this was her more conspicuous work, she did a great of benevolent work privately, and was aKo manager on the boards of ••(veral charitable organizations. Her life was a full and beautiful one, bringing the sweet reward of duty well performed, and the society of many kindred spirits, who knew her intimately and most truly loved and revered her. Her influence was most blessed, and the inspiration of her life is yet felt among those she cheered, encour- aged and led in good works during her ytars on earth, all too short, yet wonder- fully fruitful and helpful to others.

3. James Milnor, the only son of James M. Ouinby to arrive at years of manhood, married Mary V. Casey. 4. Ida, married Wallace Mcllvaine Scudder. Other chil- dren, deceased, are : Eliza Sweazy, mar- ried Charles Borcherling ; Morris, died youiiL; : \Valden, died young; Florence, died young.

STEPHENS, John Lloyd,

Noted Trareler and Author.

This noted man was a native of New Jersey, born in Shrewsbury, November 28, 1805. He graduated from Columbia Col- lege at the age of seventeen, studied law in Litchfiekl. Connecticut, and in New York City, and entered upon practice in the lat-

ter place. He took considerable interest in politics, and gained some fame as a Tam- many Hall campaign orator. In 1834 he went abroad, and was absent for two years, traveling through the southern and eastern parts of Europe, writing under engagement for "Hoffman's Monthly Magazine," his papers meeting with such favor that they were subsequently expanded into four volumes — "Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia, Petrae and the Holy Land" (.1837), and "In Greece, Turkey, Russia and Po- land" (1838), and both of which were wide- ly circulated in Great Britain as well as in the United States.

In 1839 President Van Buren sent him on a semi-confidential commission to Central America, which was barren of results, the country being amid all the confusion of civil \\ar and an overthrow of the existing gov- ernment. However, he improved his op- portunities, and in company with F. Catherwood, an English artist, visited the ruins of Cpan, Palenque, Axmal, etc., making notes and drawings of the remains of former empires of which little was then known. These ex- plorations resulted in his most important work. "Incidents of Travel in Central Amer- ica, Chiapas and Yucatan," in two volumes, published in 1841. In company with Mr. Catherwood, whose illustrations added much tn the value of that work, and with more ample equipment for archaeological re- search, he made another survey of substan- tially the same ground, and in 1843 issued a two volume work entitled ''Incidents of Travel in Yucatan." These works were most opportune, and he gained and long held the distinction of making the best and most ample contribution to the American knowledge of antiquities in those regions.

In 1846 Mr. Stephens was a member of the New York Constitutional Convention. In the following year he was active in the organization of the first ocean steam navi- gation company, in which he held an of- ficial position ; and he was a passenger to

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

Bremen in the first vessel of the line. The gold discoveries in California pointed to the necessity for a railroad across the Isthmus of Panama ; he entered into this project with his accustomed enthusiasm, became vice-president and then president of the projecting company, and after personally surveying the route, visited Bogota and negotiated a contract with the New Gran- ada government, completing all these ar- rangements within the year 1849. During the following two years he was constantly engaged in superintending the work of con- struction, but fell victim to the insidious malaria of the Panama region, contracting the disease which caused his death, in New York, October 10, 1852, thus ending all too soon a life of phenomenal activity and em- inent success. His memory is preserved in a monument erected at the highest point reached by the Panama railroad.

ROEBLING. John A.,

Distinguished Civil Engineer.

John A. Roebling was one of the world's most famous civil engineers of his day, par- ticularly famous as a projector and builder of wire bridges, and whose principal monu- ments are the great suspension bridges at Niagara Falls, and that over the East river, connecting the cities of New York and Brooklyn.

Mr. Roebling was a native of Prussia, born in the city of Mulhausen, province of Thuringia, July 12, 1806. He received a thorough academical education, and then entered the Royal Polytechnic School in Berlin, from which he was graduated as a civil engineer. It is a noteworthy fact that during his student days he devoted much of his attention to the construction of suspen- sion bridges, and made his investigations and theories the subject of his graduating thesis, a paper which attracted much attention, and no little adverse criticism on account of hi? venturing upon what was then con- sidered an impracticable innovation. In

compliance with the stern requirements of the Prussian y< vernment, he served upon public works for three years following his graduation.

lie came to the United States at the age of twenty-five, and located near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At this time engineering ef- fort was largely devoted to the improve- ment of inland transportation by means of a system of canals and slack-water naviga- tion on the rivers. Mr. Roebling directed his attention to this subject, and lie began his labors on the Beaver river, a tributary of the Ohio. He subsequently became inter- ested in a project for navigable water con- nection between the Ohio river and Lake Erie, but the project was abandoned be- cause of the competition set in operation by the extensive building of railroads then begun. For a time Mr. Roebling was en- gaged in the service of the State of Penn- sylvania in the location of a feeder for the Pennsylvania canal in the upper Allegheny river, and he was subsequently occupied surveying and locating the route of the Pennsylvania Central railway from Harris- burg across the mountains to Pittsburgh.

It was about this time that Mr. Roeb- ling began to give his attention particularly to that department of engineering which soon made his name famous throughout the world. As early as 1844-1845 he had suc- cessfully constructed an aqueduct across the Allegheny river, on the principle of a suspension bridge with wire cables, encoun- tering from its beginning to its completion and successful inauguration the determined opposition and contemptuous opprobrium of the engineering profession. During his res- idence in Pittsburgh he engaged in the man- ufacture of iron and steel wire, and there developed his wonderful knowledge of the nature and capabilities of wire which proved so important a factor in enabling him to work a revolution in bridge construction. His success in the aqueduct project instilled confidence, and to him was committed the construction of the suspension bridge over

43

CYCLOPEDIA OF NEW JERSEY

the M'inorigahela