7^7

THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY

OF CALIFORNIA

LOS ANGELES

/ -

/

/-

)j/jd nat^

HEBREW PRIMER.

ADAPTED TO THE MERCHANT TAYLORS' HEBREW GRAMMAR.

Part I.— EASY FIRST EXERCISES.

Part II.— FIRST READINGS, WITH NOTES.

Part III. ENGLISH PIECES WITH HINTS, FOR HEBREW COMPOSITION.

TWO GLOSSARIES.

BY THE

Eev. C. J. BALL, M.A.,

chaplain or Lincoln's inn ;

FORMERLY CENSOR AND CHAPLAIN OF KING'S COLLEGE, LONDON.

TRIED EDITION.

Multie terricolia linguse, ccelestibus una.

LONDON: SAMUEL B AGISTER AND SONS, Limited,

15 PATERNOSTER ROW. 1894.

[All rights reserved.}

p-r

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Preface ......... i

Part I. Elementary Exercises 1

Part II. Readings from the Old Testament . . .59 Part III. Pieces for Composition .... 133 Hebrew -English Glossary . . . . . 193

English-Hebrew Glossary 235

2047106

PREFACE.

This work is strictly what its name denotes, a book foi beginners. It should be used in conjunction with the Author's Grammar; those parts of the latter should first be studied which correspond to the introductory exercises. It is believed that any one who carefully works through Part I., with constant reference, as suggested, to the Grammar, will find no difficulty in reading the historical books of the Old Testament.

Part II. is provided with references to the Grammar, all of which should be conscientiously examined. The utility of this course will at once become evident to the student himself.

Part III. is intended to meet the needs of candidates for scholarships at the Universities ; and the whole work is based on five years' experience in preparing such candidates in connexion with Merchant Taylors' School.

C. J. BALL.

King's College.

PART I.

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES

HEBREW-ENGLISH AND ENGLISH-HEBREW.

PART I.

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES.

EXERCISE 1.

See Grammar, p. 43 c, 44. Prefix the article to :

"1!H word, thing (m.)

7Hil great (m.)

litO good (m.)

"IT boy (m.)

fIX earth, land (f.)

72PPI palace (m.)

DH^ boys (Gr. p. 23, note 1)

TITI splendour (m.)

j?K stone (f.)

TV city (f.)

15n dearth (m.)

0*}tt man, /to»w (m.;

2*iy evening (m.)

DTI sword (f.)

DpH wise (m.) *PI living (m.) y&h wicked (m.) TS5J dust (m.) TttH he-ass (m.) VO illness (in.) iSn milk (m.) *3N a fleet

• t:

^y. oppression n^ lion (m.) nvb& God (m.)

JH bad, evil (m.) IpH kindness (m.) D'MH wise men

• t *:

4 HEBREW PRIMER.

TVlTin swords rnn to a mountain

T -• T T

|55 clouds (m.) DHH mountains (m.)

JBfy smoke (m.) *T§D book (m.)

EXERCISE 2. See Gr. p. 44, B, notes 1, 2. Write the interrogative HJb before :

- nw — non — nito — Shu — vin — ntr .ny-i — n^y — di — tk — n&rin — srin

TT " T •" TT"; TT

And prefix the interrogative H (Gr. p. 112, 4, note) to :

*fa nation f"HP^ sne SSL^

l"02l he wept BJ|n£K ye said

*?£} he fell HB^ he made

Jjinp1? thou tookest ETljnrj Je killed

p? to a son OJJ they will walk

DnnpS ye took cna

EXERCISE 3.

3 in, by, with ? to 3 as, like

"=17^3 in the way, always contracts into |HXnV to the lord, „ „ „ ptih

n^H3 like the lion, „ „ „ *1fi}|

etc., the n of the article being elided, and the preposition

taking its vowel.

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES.

Translate :

-\forh — {ba-oni) *i§|

By the boys. To the earth. In the dust. With the kindness. For the lion. As the sword. For the good. In the evening. With the stone. In the oppression. Like the wicked. Like the wise.

EXERCISE 4. Gr. p. 25, 5, ad init.

Note.— 3, ?, \, appear as ?, ?, V, before letters with sh'wa; W]^. words, Dv"ni? with words. See Gr. p. 13, note 2. Sh'wa is omitted after yodh ; as Ig*? in honour, = "li£ + ?.

N.B. — Italicized words are meant to be omitted throughout these

Exercises.

Translate : By a lion. In a fleet. As an ass. In a heat (nil). With stones (D^?«). In eating (75g). In a sickness (^11). To God (Gr. p. 26, b). As a lion. With a lyre ( 713). According to (|) the word.

Translate: By falling (Gr. p. 14, 3). To great ones (D»Sn|). In ways (O^T?). Like blood-drops (W) of the lion. For one fearful (fcTp.) of man. According to (3) word of 0?^) God. By word of the man. By prowess of (FWJ) the king Cy£). With weeping (*53). In *Atf days of (*©J) the famine. To thy right hand (^a*).

HEBREW PRIMER.

EXERCISE 5.

"IP from ; ">y P from a word. The nun assimilates ; see Gr.

p. 27, 2, rfa,

yyXQ from a land. Gutturals cannot be doubled ,

see Gr. p. 24.

n?cnpj from the land

7 p-inp on the outside of . . .

1 and; Gr. p. 118, ad fin. Orig. w&, which became ecX and wS, ^nd even «>e.

Notice also filing =. rn-irv-jp from Yehuda, and T^n HM (HM = 'T. + 1) and the hands of the boy. See Ex. 4, note.

Translate :

• -; T ) * • T 9» • • T : • V. IT ■ •• r*

rvaS rcna — DnaS rrt?K

• • » • T T |T T • !•

(Gr. p. 46, pron. suff., and p. 48, 4.) *3Sp PlIlpS (p. 47, ad ro«d.) *JfiTH$ nb>5? — ^jfe tSgpf

From fruit of (H?) the ground (Hp^N). And weeping of the man. And eating. From blood-drops of the lion. Fearful of God. And stones. And from the land. And to the king. And with a sword (Ex. 1). And from sickness (Ex. 4). And to the lion. And to the man. And to a man. And in days of old (Q*ljJ). On the outside of (to) the city. In the hands of the king. He came into (3) Yerushalaim (D^BT)?). From days of old. The word to Yehiida(h) and Yenishalaim.

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 7

EXERCISE 6. Pausal and Pretonic Vowels. Gr. p. 37, b, 38. Translate, parsing the pausal forms :

__ rina _ ^ _ *Vnn — ^nb — Jinhi v\r\

•••at v • *a- ■ A " • AV : •> T

♦ ton^S inx stk _ jiwa — :d^S

V |T - TV * - IT ~ • IT T

And with weeping. And to the sword. In a vision (W). From the sickness. And in the fleet. Generation and generation (*VH, Gr. p. 118, J). Day and night (DV, HT7). (Athnah or silluq falls on the last word in each case).

EXERCISE 7.

Pronouns.

Demonstrative, see Gr. p. 42, 43 ; Personal, p. 44, 45. See also p. 124, line 3; 126, at end, " In a sentence the subject," etc. ; 127, lines 1-7.

H115 high, tall $*K man, vir

JpT old yi evil, f. HSH wickedness

mfa girl Srtf great, f. nVna

t : - o t o 5 t ;

5 young, small, f. niltpf? Tyy small, younger

Translate :

gnaj wn Tin njn [Btyn

8 HEBREW PRIMER.

pxn »BfoK D*sn nph dinm

P V T T •• ; - • ~ - T T |T

hynr\ ni am Di»n

T •• - T - -

pith aten wn nSinan nw

V - -TT- t;--t

Vniin byr\r\ nr ^*nh rot

T " T " - • T || "T

This great wickedness. The wickedness is great. The old man. That old man. An old man. This is the old man. That girl is young. A man, and a boy, and a mountain (see Ex. 6, pretonic )). Thou art the man. Who are ye? He icas in (7) sickness. This oppression is evil. Thou toast great. This boy is good. This sickness is evil.

EXERCISE 8.

H9D3 cattle (coll. f.) BHPI new, f. PlBHD

*|iy birds (coll. m.) "p some of . . . (Gr. p. 50, 1. 9)

Translate :

t •• : - t t i" ||.. t • -:

nfejnri nwn nnnn K*n rnhip n'S i#s narr?n

' " ; ■ I r 1 t t -; - • T: it

t t -: it .;....

nmnn M*n

.t : t 1- ••t « T 3 " "~J: r T -: it I ■ tt ; ;

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES V

Who is that man? What is this (f.)? Some of the birds Those men (D*#}$) are old (Gr. p. 62). Thou (f.) art young. Those cattle are not clean. Those boys are not tall. You (m.) are dust from the ground. He was a farmer (man of the ground).

EXERCISE 9. Gr. : Pronouns, p. 46-50; Order of Words, p. 123, 124. PTO he made N2 he came, went

T T T

(7) &OJ5 he called HJS he built

|r0 he gave, put, made rtjT? he took nrnn dry land TIN light

Translate :

nnnnn-Sy *\m bin *m vh& npS

mintsn nanan baa nph

t : - T .. : - | t

nwn rnnrrna »?-|n)

:San nxi: D^n-ntfj pxrrns iS-n^

ub njn **Ej-n$ jnj pWP rtj? *pft

wro nnnrrn$ Dnp npb n^hn n*if crib nja

' byoa Ma Mas? t > Wrba

(Gr.p.l24,3,subj.afterpred.) DV nixS DWK *£

He came unto you. Art thou like us? The cattle which were upon the earth. He made all living

10

HEBREW PRIMER.

(Pl*nn S^SJ) from man to cattle. You have that sword (to you that sword). He made mankind on the earth. Great was the wickedness on the earth. Yonder man came to me {verb first). The wise man went to the mountain (ITVin, Gr. p. 52, PI locale). He gave you all that you have (all which to you). He took some of the people. He called us out of the dust. He called the weapon (*?3) a sword.

EXERCISE 10. Gr. pp. 54, 55.

£]D3 silver

SHT gold

XM2 shield

7IX!j? the Underworld

ti)?W health, peace

rtaa food

t ; T

Translate :

x^m-hTm if? jnj

D'5583 ^ttik jnj

bw pbjmfi

: ) t •••

rnna (Ex. 2) djwi ink

Tww night (m.) pbj deep 1*3 well (f.) ibV bird (c.) [*« sheep (coll.) riT1 moon

s|tej (Pi.) tfrfcas ^ trim *& vSk mow

t it • » " t : |T

rfjja jnj una

v: t t v v : - -:

(Ex. 2, n inter.) h DlS^il

njn sitsn \wrrm h nb>y x^nn n'rran Disrrrw mh rru

• - t : - ~ v v t l - t

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 11

That well is deep. This bird is clean. Is the lion clean ? Who made this shield ? What did he call (to) this bird? He made the gold like the dust. He took some of the sheep from thee, and to us he gave them for food. Are ye well? (Is health to you?) The moon is large to-night (the night).

EXERCISE 11 Gr. p. 55, 6, pp. 56, 57, 2, 3.

1. Write down the abs. pi. of HfK, f., Tltf, m.r

rh% f., it, m., r\y%, f., ijaofc, m., n% m., ntea, m., f&a, m., n|D, f., nwii, f., nnny, f., n*^ m., rr#, nto, nai rue>, myin.

• ; t7 t t 7 T ••

2. The f. sing. abs. (Gr. p. 56, b) and constr. (p. 57, 3) of Si"I|, ^XJ, D*f3fi, Dp, D"1 (qame£ in ^m, rdm, does not change).

3. The constr. sing. (p. 57, 2) of W, ,T£, 1^?, |j??, -Q3, 1|TT ; and the constr. pi. of MD, ffl, Stt, TJ£, "113?, |Pfc$ (none of these vowels change).

4. The constr. sing, and pi. (p. 57, 3) of the following words with mutable vowels : !W, PtN£, HKS, H^T ; also constr. sing, of JTCg, HIS?, Plton, ITOin. (Gutturals do not take simple sh'wa, Gr. p. 25, 4.)

5. Make the dual of T hand, jW leg, bfl foot (add the new ending to the stem ragl), DV day, |^ tooth (stem shinn), *)K nostril (stem 'a/?/?), |*^ eye, *Sp? (fo>&) knee.

12

HEBREW PRIMER.

EXERCISE 12. Gr. p. 46; The Suffixes, pp. 58, 59.

SING. PLUR.

king fJW Taking of the land

■

^7^ my king

1^ } thy (m,) king

^& thy (f.) king

137£ his king !13?£ her king Wi/lb our king DpS/tt your (m.) king p57^ your (f.) king D3?£ their (m.) king

J^fc their (f.) king

D V?? kings pKII-^Jb kings of the land vj? my kings

T579 tny (m0 kings

•pSfi thy (f.) kings Vj?E> ms kings rvlnfi her kings ^5?? our kings

D5*J?£ your (m.) kings |5*3?& your (f.) kings

t3STJ?Q their (m.) kings JirJpfc their (f.) kings

Learn the above by heart, and notice (i.) that all suffixes in the sing, attach to the stem malk ; (ii.) that in the pi. all attach to rrflakhay (<gy, ~&y) except khfan, khen, likm, hhn, which four attach to malekkey; (iii.) that kaf in the pi. is aspirated.

EXERCISE 13.

See last Exercise, and Gr. p. 59.

Write out with all the suffixes the sing, and pi. of (i.) ^)TT a way, |3X a stone, W& vineyard, jQA vine; (ii.) t33K> a rod, TB a vow.

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES.

13

SING.

PLUR.

(13715? queen fnxnnS^ „ of the land Tl3*?£ my queen "'pj??? thy (m.) queen 1jr07£ thy (f.) queen ifD/D his queen

*

nrG72? her queen ^JTupfi our queen 03113 7£ your (m.) queen pri!*7£ your (f.) queen

Dr07£ their (m.) queen

|n37£ their (f.) queen '%ni^

nto/O queens ITDpfc „ of the land TTD/X? my queens YO^?^ thy (m0 queens ^niD^tt thy (f.) queens IVYD/ft his queens H^^/O her queens ^JTD/ft our queens D3VYD7£ your(m.)queens p^ni^ft your (f.) queens

DnTrir/pD) their (m.) DrTD^ftj queens

tn^ni^) their (f.) queens

Learn the above by heart, and notice (i.) that in the sing, all the suffixes but M^m, kkhn, are preceded by qamec in the open pretonic syllable ; (ii.) that in the sing, the kaf is unaspirated all through; (iii.) that all suffixes in the pi. attach to malkhothay (-ey, -dy, -ey); (iv.) and that the kaf is aspirated, and therefore without dagesh, throughout the plural.

EXERCISE 14.

Write out Plo?^ and i"l7pb> a shirt, wrapper, with all suffixes sing, and pi. See last Exercise, and Gr. p. 59.

14

HEBREW PRIMER.

EXERCISE 15. Gr. p. 59 ; Suffixes, p. 46.

Dyj pleasantness

*WSy pillar

Hfil precious, costly, f. JTlj?*

7SPI a breath, vanity

■5|M idol

D"D vineyard

|S5 vine

Sjn foot

12V slave

pNt stone Translate :

wn Snn i&k *TS nyS

• t : - t : t - : -

n^Nn D\nxn rihp! *&

*S|^ way

TO vow

)T& ear

7*lil greatness

0{D life, soul (f.)

Bh# root

*O.T remembrance

nn? gold

5]p5 silver &HD shrine

US 1?^

r t -; it •• : -

Q'*nn p$? d^Sk npS ink

i" t : - : ••* ••

D5»-»3TT iTm

My vineyard. His vine. Her foot. A slave's foot. Her stones. Thy ways. Thy (f.) vows. Ears (constr.).

His greatness.

Their kings are great kings.

How

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES.

15

great are the kings of those cities (D^S?) • My boys. Their life is precious. Their lives are precious. Roots are good for food. Your ears are large. Their remem- brance. Our sceptres are sceptres of gold and silver. The shrines of their (m.) idols are great. Their (m.) ways are ways of pleasantness. His robes are very costly. The pillars of that temple are lofty.

EXERCISE 16. Gr. p. 60, Rem. 1.

rtlW joy

pin strength

rrm cloak

n^nn ruin

t : t

nfiE gate fSn delight n^£3 bow (f.) SriK tent EHPl month

Translate :

♦pjn njrr

t t •• -; |-

Sinn *Snx nr \»1! 5H11 10

pi cornfloor

"W gate

n^n reproach

p/T} smoothness; lot, part

7Jy steer

H7J5 heifer

7^3 a deed

XHT seed; offspring

*"lXfi aspect, appearance

Tnimn oSiy nbin

|- - : t T : t

TIDn oSiy HDH

I v t -: T ■• : -

n«D dw ami w *nns

. T ■ - . T ....

■ t -: i- •« t: it

t - I" t : v

^yn nirnn nta

16 HEBREW PRIMER.

Vwma

t: it

Our ruins. Our seed. Your (m.) deeds. Their (f.) lot. Thy (f.) reproach. Cornfloors (f. ending). The steers are in the cornfloors. The gates of her city are high. God is our strength. The reproach of thy (m.) offspring is great. Your (m.) silver sceptres. We have many slaves, and much (use 21, a subst.) gold and silver. Their (m.) ways are not my ways. His tents are tents of delight. All my delight is in them (m.). This is their lot from Yah we.

EXERCISE 17.

Gr. p. 60, Rem. 2, pp. 61, 152, c, d.

2 with verbal noun = when.

"IN? well, pi. nhX3, constr. nhtf| 7bX eating 1J3 corpse

tilp shoulder "Tbg standing

7y ips punishing	ero^ stench
Ta^§ saying
Translate :
TW	• ; t
&p nms	t ; •
D#N3	Dnnae s^aa

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 17

DDK Hp3 D1»3 D3^?3K

dhS V??« (after) nm* D75«3

uiifc d^hSn; ip$a nn33 oyn ibyn

. .. : • t - t

My eating. Thy (f.) eating. Her (f.) standing. The stench of the corpses is very bad. Thy shoulder. His well. Your (m.) saying. When you eat this (in your eating). When God punisheth the wicked (tfJJBh). Wells of water and wells of bitumen (l^D). When the man stood in the gate of the city.

EXERCISE 18. Weak Forms. Gr. p. 60 (i.).

in sharp ?3 whole, total

pi thin ft might 6|3 palm (of hand), du. D?33 *fi den, lair

21 great, Ml many 13D booth, hut

fp end ttft they dwelt

TO time, pi. Him 3£"t he dwelt, abode Pin shouting

T • O

in mountain JH evil, bad )

».* , ,i .-»*» / '\ see Gr. p. 24, 1,

13 bull 113 cow (=parra) gutturals.

IS? prince Dtf people J

18

HEBREW PRIMER.

Translate :

rbttn rrtsnn nhsn

mb nnnts d*S3

v t ; * i" ~

nana 2?\xn as

| VT • T

inn onan ttsr

t t • t - : it

D^3-n« HE'S?

The peoples, all of them, are mine. The shouting of the princes. My times (f. ending). They dwelt in booths on the mountains. The lion abode in his lair. God is my might. The peoples of the earth are many. Many mountains are upon the earth. My palms are thin. Thy (f.) princes, all of them, are wicked. The end came to (■?&$) my people. Their end is near

EXERCISE 19.

Gr. pp. 60, 61.

D^? water, constr. *£ «T| kid

v3 weapon, vessel HN1 he saw, heeded

T T /

"Sp weak, tender, f. n31 "5$ captivity *fij beauty ^lfl middle

pW street, pi. W0 hn bucket

m

wine IPO river

T T

J*5? eye, DW eyes (f.) H| fruit TV. goat, pi. DrlV *n£^ he poured

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 19

Translate :

wan inns n^yn hx «3 m «w ttTOK d^

•at - I : » v t - - t t : t . . - .

nnM n^a dwhk dwk nan

t • : t | v v : t : t v • v: T T

wnw lamia

: t ~

wVt^ o^n *nm

T V "*" IT " T : T

*vyn ipn? vrfrg Srrrrnx rm

Dp# pX» ^yi! N3 :,(?r^ D''^ D'£ W

to1? nisi&n vniprrna jrg

Those oxen <W£ lean. He saw them in the streets. Her eyes are weak. Your fruit is very good. All these kids of the goats belong to that man. Ye killed the tender kids in the midst of the streets. He poured the water of the river into his bucket. How great is thy (f.) beauty ! The trees of the land yielded not their fruit. He poured their wine on the ground. Their great God saw their grievous oppression.

EXERCISE 20.

SING. PLUR.

^ftl a word D'HIT7! words

T T ' T ■

D1NH ISH word of the man DIXH '"CH words of the man

T T |T - ! T T |T " :

Hl^ my word The rest of the plural

tQ£\ "fffl tny (m0 wor(* *s f°rmefl exactly

^-m thy (f.) word like M*7fi in Ex.12,

3*

20

HEBREW PRIMER.

SING.

TOft his word

T ;

Hill her word

t t :

^121 our word

*• t ;

D?*"£H your (m.) word p151 your (f.) word DTTT their (m.) word fm their (f.) word

PLUR.

but keeping i (not a) in the first syllable before the heavy suffixes khem, Men, hem, hen.

Learn the above, and (i.) form the rest of the pi. ; (ii.) write out fT^, constr. TT01, with all suffixes sing, and pi., on the model of HSTD, Ex. 13, but keeping i (not a) in the shut first syllable; see Gr. p. 62.

EXERCISE 21

Gr. pp. 62, 72 col. 1, perf. qal of strong verb.

lp) spotted n?7p curse Tti he fled

■ T

5013 fearful, awful

T 7

\&) he slept; adj. asleep X*23 prophet

Translate :

• t : - : - ; : it

xh n^sx t^k sra«3 an na

» T : " i v -: I : i - t

JTHS rino--fence, fold ?&?£ proverb

»

D^l? bricks PBS* cedar D?533 wings (f.) [57 white

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES.

21

I v » : v v: " : •

rhztb tfin y\& nanan -ra

T ; T : T •• ; - - ;

asta np-rc mrp nx-i

| - : • ... : - t t

dtw ~qe> rrcr ^p

• t -: - T ^ v : - |

nip rrf^j? rn&a

I^y rw&p ran

T ; T T T -. I" :

T : • - TT |T - :

:wa top m-u

Your old men are as boys. Deep waters are my words. They slept an everlasting sleep (sleep of eternity). The king's sleep fled. How good is thy (m.) sleep (pausal) ! Heardst thou the awful curses of the prophet? All of them are asleep in that great city. The cedars of the mountains are tall. His wings are very white. Ye gave me some of your bricks. Her fences are high. He spake pleasant words to his servants. Their proverb is excellent in our eyes. He came to the folds of the sheep. In our folds lie (]*5^7 ptcp. m. pi.) the spotted goats.

EXERCISE 22.

Gr. pp. 62, 63.

Vowels mutable:

yV tree

}S son

DS^ name

T hand, du. OH*

T 7 ' "T

D*£* days yi a fish

T

m fish (coll.)

22

HEBREW PRIMER.

Vowels immutable :

*)3 a light, lamp, pi. T\T\}

1$ stranger, resident foreigner

Dlpp place

1HD near

BTljJ holy

D*pH complete, perfect

D*V5 pleasant, amcenus

yy\2 star

T

3£>ift seat, dwelling

7X (pifl) shadow *3lJ? before 373 stream tOSIt^ judge D; sea, pi. BVpl b)W planted y£B> he heard

p?* right hand

sown wrnNi D*n wn« ovi^g n#y

• it t " I " : t - - : ••• • •• T T

js&t nh dw*i ns^to DWJiia *W?sj shin

it t • t : - : ..... : |T • t -.

ton dwi d^'Sk dm ^:« na

. - . T • ■« V T * T —

u*ir*&&h9 Sw ry Maiari mibsrriK tot *6 j^ya* T-by ^V ™.H! Xffi njri!

• it t • » ; v - t ■ I ; t

ttS^h rua n^x ntoipan-Sa on rbx

1 ... „ - T T .. — I : " * •• • "

A lamp to my feet is thy word ! He made its (f.) lamps of gold. How many are the fishes of the sea! What is thy name ? I know not the names of the sons of these strangers. I heard the sound (voice) of the pleasant streams of water. My son stood before his judges. Days of distress (!"HV) «?'£ near to you. This

ELEMENTARY EXEECISES.

23

is the place of the dwelling of the Holy One of my people. He took that sword from the hands of his little son. God is the holy judge of all the earth. All his delight (fEQ) is in the perfect of mankind. His hands made (tiftf) us all. What is his name, and what his son's name? (use maqqef in both clauses; see Gr. p. 36, ad init.) We were sitting (ptcp. qal) in the pleasant shadow of the trees. Under (in) thy shadow sat all the nations which are near to thy land. The fish of the seas are more numerous than (Gr. p. 137) the sons of man.

EXERCISE 23.

Gr. p. 64.

y^S offence

TVSfy maker

nbyX? a work

nyh shepherd

rttpp substance, esp. cattle

XD3 throne

nn^H terror

T T -

TXPI he set up pT% to chase hotly PllXfi a command

tDSKto judgment; custom bZVti a track, path nn^D pillar HXtsn a sin, offence

T -

JVM cleanness, purity |*5 between |T0 he pulled down fnttj5 grave pEW"! former, first

Translate :

&3#»i nsx vt W£

D»&# n^'v mrr Dy& nw

• - T •• ' Av : - • •• •. v

•arte* nsh «* &&

24 HEBREW PRIMER.

*hv ftsa man mrfaa d^k> jvpa mS wu *:n

- t : it v t - : - • - • / J . • v t • - t • -;

umm Tjxpy w±> *i$n wish w nxtsni -n^tsn nxa mna Dnxtsn

I *fT J " - - - ; • t - ; TIIT T t -

... .... ..... .. . . . T .. | ... T .... - T

ni5D nfc>y viapa^ ninito ni?»i D^jpn dhS nru

brn-rrvop m*D xn nm^p-Sy rasa spjr n^n

:th rvnS mxos tosBtoS nixon tt#* de>

i* t •• : : • at : . ; : • : ,T t

* Tell thou.

With purity of hands he did this. Great are the works of Yah we. All the works which he did were just and sincere (justice and sincerity). He came from his field in the evening. What is our offence, what is our sin, that thou hast hotly chased after us? Ye kept all my commands and my judgments. And there was strife (^T^TT)) between the herdsmen of the cattle of 'Abram, and between the herdsmen of the cattle of L6t. The upright, walk in paths of straightness (p*TC). He pulled down the pillar (rHSfib) of the house. He broke up the pillars of God's house. Thy throne (^03, Gr. p. 23, note 1), 0 God, is for ever! Her pillar is very high. He set up their thrones for these judges. There is no remembrance of (to) former things (m.).

EXERCISE 24.

Gr. pp. 24, 56, a, 65, 66.

Bhn (= harrash) craftsman 7733 camel, pi. D*?fiil

Bhn (= hirrish) deaf [ftp small

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 25

BH3 (= parrash) horseman iJH chariots, coll.

TKtt neck, sing, and pi., constr. *T&% HKtt.

Translate :

He fell upon his neck. He put an iron yoke (?H5 'V) upon the neck of all the nations. Ye put your feet upon the necks of those kings. The king's horsemen (*BHS) have taken the camels of the strangers. Hegave these stones to the deaf craftsmen (D^phnn D^yih). These little stones are precious. That man is a smith (^in 7.n|t). My father! my father! the chariots and horse- men of Yisr&'el (Gr. p. 134, ad fin.) ! He took his cloak which fell from upon him (?¥£). Is this your youngest (the young) brother? How good and how pleasant is the dwelling (TW#) of brothers together (:T)T-D3)! Thy wife abode in that city. These are the sons of 'Ada, wife of'E's&w. The days of the years of the life of your fathers were many. Your daughter is very fair. He slew those men with the edge (mouth) of the sword. Why didst thou say, She is my sister? Ye preserved (Brvnri) my father, and my mother, and my brothers, and my sisters. He built for them houses of hewn stone (ri^). These were men of renown (name). Ye deserve death (sons of death are ye), because ye watched not over (7$?) your lord(pl. intens.).

EXERCISE 25. Gr. pp. 72, col. 1. H^y leaf, foliage 'ttM outstretched

V T 7 O T

D"T^ field *T3J prophet

9fi HEBREW PRIMER.

Httg lowliness B?j5S7 perverse

TjSn he walked IB? blind

n#K bliss (pi. of state) D?K dumb

{"7fi interpreter fnW plunder (cere firm)

Translate :

djt;t kS d;/?3 nm DW-is?

tt:* ^ ::• t % • * i.

jt^ iT -iiy vnat mfco toSh

t : T «* • t .

:nS »^jpv 73-75? nyr np^ D^Bh nm "qSn kS n#&* 0wi n#K

,■ t : - -: 1- I - t v -: • t ■• :

:«njg -to->3 "i2?n ^m ^ Saw: ^HBta

D^3 D£7 toSB*

The leafage of that tree withered not. From the tree I took some of his leafage. All of them are dumb dogs. They walked like the blind in the streets. He walked in lowliness of heart. I have put (given) my words in his mouth. He will not shed innocent blood. Wilt thou remember (f.) the words of the wise prophet? 0 the bliss of those who keep (ptcp.) his statutes! Pour out (m.) before him your heart! Hearken thou, my daughter, to (5) my voice ! I will remember my covenant which is between me and between you. Hearken to me, ye who pursue justice !

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 27

EXERCISE 26.

Gr. pp. 72, col. 2, 3, 137, 144, 145.

7"73 to be great, grown up aj?1 to rot

2~)pr to draw near *]¥j3 to be angry

"Da to be heavy 13^ to lie down

7b* able, to prevail over (?) ; ;2V is, or will be able

tW to be brought low *W to be afraid, ^9£ of . .

pfilp to be sweet [^ (is, was, etc.) not

#37 t0 De clothed n&Op? to meet . . . c. suff

Translate :

BSBteS Da*7tf *ronp -ik& maa onxtsn

t : • - v .. -: • : -|t : t : it t t -

•yp@&. d»5«ji d:$ qnx jbvn *rti¥£ ^3

tfippri n^n-ba^y :ajri* D*s$h ds?

:«i$? ^ni^iy nay iaa «VS?

ma urfat ''h-m-i&x on *ja

Av 1 ••: • I - T ... -;

jjjte naa 7*r$» »3*gi 1&0 Swn na&p nriK neaa-DK *a ^3-pk BhS

.... t-|: -- t : • • I- tt

)irv wa-Dsn

A» : - t - • :

^n-nii3 fn}B^Sjji p *a D^pa n:h? rr^l Dnix -isdS SavrDK D»aaian -isd

t ; • » ■ t -

T T "TV-: I T - v T T

* Gr. p. 141 (c). f Gr. p. 141 (a).

28 HEBREW PRIMER.

The city shall be brought low. They prevailed not over me. Canst thou count the stars of heaven? I cannot count them. After whom art thou pursuing? Thou art more just than I. He will draw near to meet thee (m.). The eyes of lofty ones (D*PDJ) shall be brought low. Thou wast afraid of them. And the woman said, Art thou Yoab? and he said, I am. That which I feared came to me. And the battle was heavy unto Sha ul. The land was not able to bear (m%h) them. On me, my lord the king, be the guilt, and the king and his throne be innocent! And lo, Shaiil was lying asleep in his tent, and the people lying (pi.) around (HIT^D) him. I was afraid of the wrath (S)K) with which Yahwe was angry against (7V:) you. I cannot (impf.) bear all this people, for it is too heavy for me (heavy from me) .

EXERCISE 27.

Gr. p. 72, col. 4.

1ZD he is great, powerful Dn^3 he fought

*tb?0 he was wary, guarded self against ; c. "Jfi

tO^fc} he escaped m_p3 he is cut off

23K0 he sware TlM he was parted, separated

Parse :

— mBh — wasn — «ap3 — &S&n — msa

: it • - : |T • : I : • •• t • .. T ..•

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 29

Translate :

at vv: t : |: • ; - :

Siasn ^a lis: n^a-^a ma* $6

- - ■• . T T T - T •

axv Ta *i#k anna "lO^jtA

v •* : ** : • : it • : • ... T . lT .

:D*sn n^-na waS-Da nana mnSj

• it - • v ■ : - t - t - : • : - : ■

J=i3 Dn^i nnin f?n

T V T • - TT- |~T

:b*wa nrbrh nmna-nK wapn

I" t : • j •• t • : v •■ -: i- v : |: •-

. T T V | •• .. T . -

ahS m-by^m Sina btfiwrbs ep&g ppxn

Beware, for thine own sake C[7) • They have not been cut off. Ye shall beware for your lives! How (TX) shall we escape? These escaped from his hand. From the camp of Yisra el have I escaped ! Before the face (*3£r 7$?) of all the people I will be honoured. That soul has been cut off from its people. He was buried

in his father's grave. Pleasant were they in their life, and in their death they were not parted (pausal cere).

Tnou shalt beware of every evil thing ("la^). And

Absalom (Di7^1i<) ben-David had a fair sister (to

Absalom was a fair sister), and her name was Tdmar.

I cannot escape from them. Escape (f.) for (75?) thy

life! And the Pelishtim gathered (nif. imperf.), and

Shaiil gathered (qal imperf.) all Yisra 61. Thou canst

30 HEBREW PRIMER.

not fight with (Dtf) him, for thou art a boy, and he has been a man of war from his youth. He took their king's coronet from off his head; and its weight was a talent of gold.

EXERCISE 28.

Pi'el and Hithpa'el.

Gr. p. 73 ; Perfect and Impf. with Waw conversive,

pp. 144-149.

335 he stole; deceived £?j52 he sought

u%P he fulfilled (a vow) GT?p he sanctified

7?P he cursed 72!^ he bereaved

5 /in he slandered, acted as spy 75? ^133 he atoned for, pu. was forgiven

Translate :

enng d*iJ? ^3Vi B>snn»i afern^gj ng>8* ^tfj??

D»i5s?n p«a ^35 nir^

jn^ nfcpah w ^sn ^a-Stf "^nns^ KJ-^lfl

vnay-Sa-nai nvrnx d^ks Si-tri

/.T T -; T V ; • T V • T -. |1 |« - :-

TtWi tfiN-JTK nn n»n nSan S?p» nsS

• ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 31

nsn-a *innD» tin *6n

t : ■ ~ " " : * * T

•J-:- :|- : • • T"

Drto ^ex D'Bty? ^#fi"J3 s|5Tn D*m rbsw ngto

This day thou (m.) shalt not tell good news. I will make atonement for them. Thy sin shall be expiated (pu. of ISO). This guilt (jty) shall not be forgiven you (7). And he stole the heart of the men of Yisra el. I will pay my vow which 1 vowed to Yahwe. Gather together (nif.), ye sons of Yafaq<5b! The woman said, Let my lord the king speak ! Is the hand of Yo'ab with (HK) thee in all this? Fulfil (f.) thy vows! He abode there two years in days, and the king's face he saw not. And thus said he in his cursing. Make thou atonement for us! Unto thee shall be paid the vow! And he slandered thv servant to my lord the kin^. Tell ye (m.) not glad tidings in the streets (Hi^n) of 'Ashq'lon ! I Yahwe am sanctifying (pi. ptcp.) Yisra el. And I will take you from the nations, and gather (pi. of j*2p) you from all the lands. What can we say (impf.) to my lord, what can we speak, and how (PI2?) can we clear ourselves (P"T¥, hitli. impf.; see Gr. p. 27, 2)? God hath found the guilt of thy servants. And I guarded myself p£E>, hith.) from my sin Q)V).

.31} HEBREW PRIMER.

EXERCISE 29. Hif'il and Hof'al.

Dvl^n he finished, executed ; made peace with (HX)

^wfl ne threw (hof. pass.)

TJSpri he delivered up ; T3 into power of

TJ3SJ7I he brought low, humbled

D\3$P1 he rose early ^"pH he cut off

JVH&JTI he destroyed 15 back

Parse : Tran slate :

fry? mi« tfsfri np33 D3#ri

ass* niW? mn* 'Snn

at • -: i- v : - • : •

:w&rr^3 to nnN nJrari

3kv-Sk o^e^i Wthk wi5»i

' : dto bnji d'pd r\Ti) ^33 ^3^3

an Dys *nw»n W?fife n&Kh nsnrrbtf D\nSa Dra»i

tfhK T3 ^mpri-Dx wrbm ,l? nwjfn ^713 rdyfe rb^r\mm nan

* See Gr. p. 154, complementary verbs. f Gr. p. 150 (c). J Gr. p. 149 (a). § Gr. p. 158, NB. (2).

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 33

He threw stones upon them. Did not a woman throw a stone upon him from (7V&) the wall? Thou shalt not destroy him (7X, with jussive). 0 swear (precative) to me that thou wilt not cut off my seed after me ! Will they deliver me and my men into the hand of my foe? The pride of the wicked he will humble. And they made peace with Yisra el. And all my will (fSO) he will execute. I will not destroy that city. Throw down thy rod before Par'6(h). Thou shalt be cast out of thy grave. In his heart is to cut off (?, with infin. constr.) nations not a few (: tDgfi) ! And God said, Be there (VP) an expanse OTpD in the midst of the waters, and let it divide (7"Q, hif. jussive with V) between waters and (to) waters (7, pretonic). The expanse divides (hif. ptcp.) between the waters which are below (7 HHFlD) the heavens, and the waters which are above (? 75)ft) the heavens.

EXERCISE 30.

Verb with Suffixes. Gr. pp. 78, 79.

Y%P he gathered, collected

TOT he pierced, thrust through

7£3 he did to another (good or evil), c. dupl. ace.

J|7T to be old

f]1?^ he drew (a sword)

"tj?3 he visited, looked after

34 HEBREW PRIMER.

Translate :

*&5 ^ 153 ^333 nnito ^$pK»

133tf H2D£

it t it I • : - : ■ -j 1- t - • " : - : t -

D5?h|p5 rnn! ♦$} nsS^i irirrnx npS

iBHp1? ns^'n dv-hk *m^T n3"ipsn-»3 Dnx-pJi insirra #to;srn&

*> Gr. p. 151, 1. 6.

He did us good. Ye did him harm. Judge me, 0 Yahwe, according to my righteousness (p!^). Thou (f.) shalt not destroy it. She has done him good (m.) and not evil (m.) Thy (f.) judges take bribes ("THS^) from the wicked against the innocent. They thrust him through. I have consecrated (hif. Wlp) thee. Gather thou us from the nations. They repay me (impf.) evil (f.) for (finfi) good (f.). I will honour (pi. *QD) thee greatly. Thou makest him rule (hif. impf.) over the works of thy hands. And he sought him all the days, and God gave him not (pf.) into his hand. Lo I (^H) am. about to. gather them (pi. ptcp.) from all the lands. Behold thou art old, and thy sons do not walk (pf.) in thy ways; now appoint a king (hif. of ^7p) over (?) us, to judge us like the nations.

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 35

EXERCISE 31.

The Pe Guttural Verb.

Gr. pp. 82, 83; see also pp. 4, 24.

n^n to devise f SH to crave, love

S"in to cease npn to neec^ ^ac^

ITS? to leave, forsake XT) to kill

1W to stand ^3H to turn, change

my to work, till

|lbX to prop ; hif. to believe, c. 7, to trust in, c. 3.

Parse :

I A t : v - t:it - : V -:i~ I . : - -:

Translate :

♦tfon? n&S ^nb *ji$

• it : - -: t t it.

£ Sin&S H3D& roan unnS dts ann jnj

W & y&wvb v^« *^x Jinn

ormfr an1? ^n»i 5?#s-^n» ^ Dnn ra

: t : | -:i — "A' - : •. "t ,

jnito-^ non^-riS mn» ^tt onxarnK + n*aw) && 'nn

. At : • v t ; - - :

-ram niSbn 6in*i

tt - j j - s : --

pan nannS^i nnn d^S awj

* Gr. p. 50, ad init. f Gr- F- 144 (3)-

4*

36 HEBREW PRIMER.

pimtoS m^n dwki nyn ^y cnntrn dmki

V>r : t t -: • v:iv t t - t v : - -: v - :

np-rx ib-n^nm rorrci d-qk paan

| r t ; ... t •• - •••:-: t | • v: iv

rawS** n&nnn rata

T V : » " - t;t- t

Thou didst not forsake them (pf.) in the desert. Ye have not forsaken your brethren. Thou wilt not leave my soul to She'61. Thou lovest (imperf.) not sacrifice. And she ceased to speak unto her. I will not forsake my people ! He will kill with the hail their vine ! And he stood between the dead and (between) the living. His sons will forsake my law. Why (VV^Jb) is the house of God forsaken (nif. pf.)? Let me alone (cease from me) for my days are a breath (/?0)« Tne. land shall be forsaken (nif. impf.). Ye shall devise evil in your heart against each other (Gr. p. 50, ad into.). All the waters were turned into (?) blood. Who is able to stand before Yahwe? And he made him stand before Par'o. Ye have not trusted in me, to hallow me (hif. inf. KHp, c. ? prefixed) in (7) the eyes of Yisrael. Cease ye (ethic dat.) from man, in whose nostril is a breath, for wherein (HD?) is he worth heeding (nif. ptcp. 3BTI. The nif. ptcp. often = Lat. gerundive, e.g., 12DJ laudandus) ?

EXERCISE 32.

The Pe 'Alef (K"S) Verb. Gr. p. 84.

bltt to eat 721X to be lost, perish

IfcX to say SriX to love; see Gr. p. 108.

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 37

Translate :

T t • : v t - t ....

*)bxS Dyn-b-bx nbK

t t t ... v:

: Span Stoa |airp? Sip

^p h$m ih x?nj nto nra p?&

taah aS D^nSx laara six n^'xn-Sx Brian nax*:s

: i v: - t • | - T • IT . T T

: hstQ ran-ry nab $ron-SK nsjwn noRfoi

| T - | •• " ; ' T T ~ V T * IT

bmk) insa nefcn nnpS

A- - :• • t • it _ t |: it

»^-nana win nay nnna nBte nawi onxn ijxh

T : IT • T • T " T V -J T • IT AT T T

• - V T •• T "

jspji *a;-S| naSgari [tern sj^Qg^ n^n nnns nin< ^ab y* mail Thbaa +taw p-Sy

* Gr. p. 148, 4. f Gr. p. 141 (c).

Ye spake unto me,* saying, What is his name? They shall perish (pausal form with cere), but (1) thou shalt abide (stand) ! Ye will say, What shall we eat ? Say (f.) now (K3), Thou art my sister. But (1) from the fruit of the tree which is in the middle of the garden, said God, Ye shall not eat from it! The woman gave also (D|) to her husband with her (DV), and he ate. Dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life

* Gr. p. 152 (c).

38 HEBREW PRIMER.

(D**H)! And the women said (impf. with 1 conv.)? True ((TTC), 0 king ! * Saith the fool (bl3) in his heart, There is no fpx) God. Trees ye have planted (Wfi), but ye shall not eat of (f&) their fruit! And I ioved (1HX, impf. c. 1 conv.) Yisra'el more than Q12) all peoples of the earth. In the day of your eating (see Gr. p. 84, N"S, arf *n&) from it, I will punish you ! The way of the wicked is lost (freq. impf. 3 sing. Gr. p. 141, B (c), f. cere" in last syll.) !

* Gr. p. 140, ad init.

EXERCISE 33.

Verbs 'Ayin Guttural.

Gr. p. 85.

7K2 to redeem, ransom ilSrtt possession, heritage

IpS to bless (pu. pass.) T\TW to destroy

flflBto to lean, 75? upon . . , to rest

Parse :

7ttto — uaan — Wfi — •;«&«# — nWj

T ; A" T ! *-.!'* T ■ T . -

Translate :

piSjo niw^u *r\^p $7$ SaurrDK

t T : ■ : - v T !|t i1 •

* O draw near! Gr. p. 70, 8.

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 39

■?[§# n^JKj sjytj&f P?^? T$ ^?ri nan

«a& pjn yp fax* jn«a sprfog sjyg

I t t t -: I

1 •• T • •• - • : V T - « - T

I ivt : t t : v : - - I ; T. t • :

May God bless us (impf. c. suff.) ! House of Yisra'el, bless ye Yahwe ! Ask thou of me, and I will give thee the nations for thy heritage ! From death will I redeem them. And I, I know my Avenger (/X3) liveth ! He hath blest thy (f.) sons in thy midst (qirb) ! Above women in the tent shall she be blest (pu. impf.) ! I will bless those who bless thee (ptcp. with suff.)! Have ye not asked whence yonder (Gr. p. 43, b) man has come ? Rest yourselves under (nnJH) the trees. When they leaned upon thee (in their leaning, inf. c. suff.) thou begannest to break in pieces (*T3B/, impf. nif.). All the nations of the earth shall bless themselves (hithpa.) in thee ! Upon (/$>) thine own understanding thou shalt not lean. A woman asked of her neighbour

40 HEBREW PRIMER.

(fiW33$D) ornaments (v5) of silver and ornaments of gold. Ask (sing, f.) for him the kingdom, for he is my elder brother (Gr. p. 137 (1) (2).

EXERCISE 34.

Verbs Lamedh Guttural. Gr. pp. 86-88, 4, 24.

VOW to send Vp$ to cleave

y&W to hear HH3 to open

T!W still am I . . . V5^ to be satisfied

^H lo, I ! = here am I H^tt to anoint

nj?3 to open rD# to forget

Translate :

vw nyan nnStf ra SipS ya# r\m

•• - — ■ t ; • tti I • • T •

^yp\ ♦inSx iyiro#

n£fc> »m« rfr# bta n^xjD pin Di*n *-niy j KrnWa* nbnsrt# DirSnx1? ds?pi nW

. ; . T AT : v • v t -: | . "- . . IT

• I- t :

iw« wn two

t|iv • : - " :

own nin&n nsn riru? ntyya ^55 njn 01*2

-: 1- t

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 41

• - - • t : : - t • | v •• - : v t t ■■ r

nxn&S n^rtj ry-Ss naiKn-p mn* nan

V : - : t : v | •• t t t -: it | • v : - - : - -

* Gr. p. 147, 1 (a).

Then (TX) shall the eyes of the blind be opened (Hp3, nif. impf.). Thou (f.) didst eat, and wast not satisfied. They shall eat, and be satisfied (pf. c. ], and cere in pause). Thou shalt eat, and not be satisfied. Thou hast forgotten (f.) the covenant of thy God. Send ye one of your number (from you one). Pray send one of thy brethren. God will send me before you. He is not going to dismiss thee (|*X, with suff. and pi. ptcp.). And I said unto thee, Let my son go (pi. imp.) that he may serve me (1, c. impf. and suff.); and thou refusedst (|K£, pi. impf. c. waw conv.) to let him go (7, c. inf. pi. and suff. )). Lo, I am about to send (hif. ptcp.) a famine in the land. And the earth opened (qal impf. c. ')) her mouth, and swallowed them and their families (D*£l!3). If I forget thee (impf. c. f. suff.), Yerushalaim, let my right hand forget (impf. 3 f.).

EXERCISE 35.

Verb Pe Nun (|"S).

Gr. p. 89; see also p. 27.

JO) to put, give IX) to keep, guard

*

Bfo) to approach b%) to fall

42 HEBREW PRIMER.

Ttt (in hif.) to declare p#J to kiss

Stt (in nif.) to escape; hif. to deliver.

Translate :

t : V T . IT •

t:-t:--- ■ tt.

t •■ v v " .. t ; • •• : :it

sinpB^i mare-by Sen

|..T •- T T-

waa vnstoi v*q n-n D^n ra

• ; ■ tt:» ■: v - tt

n» *#sj rtan nW D^nS n&n

■ ■ T • : ~ T ; - ' I" T • T T (••

D^n »rfcg Dnia ^^nn b^'nE) dot npi

Y3|fc T5$ n^l l^pfr 1JW n1£? TO^f 1^^

iv t ): • •• : v : t : • . :

nhyn in« n^h tow DnS-na *nnpxi

v T I - • - •• t : • V T T .

"S xj n^n jjin wis 1§N*!!

* Gr. p. 143 (2).

We cannot escape (nif. inf. constr. c. 7, of 72tt) from </te face of the king of ' Asshvir. He cannot deliver you from my hand. Thou shalt not give up (TJD, hif.) a slave to his lord, that escapeth (nif. impf. 73M) unto

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 43

thee from (D$?) his lord. He will deliver you from the hand of your foes. I will give as (kaasher) ye may bid me (say to me, impf.) ; so (and) give ye me (/) the damsel p53) for wife. Iron is taken (hof. impf.) out of earth. Their daughters we will take to us for wives. And next pHK) Y6sef drew near (pf. nif.). And it was told (impf. pu.) to Laban on the third day that Ya aq6b had fled (pf. qal PTD). Tell us, pray (W"), how (Y^) thou wrotest all these words from his mouth. He sent me to tell thee all these things. From dread of the foe thou wilt keep my life.

EXERCISE 36.

Verbs Pe Waw and Pe Yodh (V'£>, v,3).

Gr. pp. 90-92; also pp. 6 note 1, 7 ad init., 25, 26, Weak Letters.

n&T to sit, dwell py to suck

BH* to seize, occupy; hif. dispossess, expel

1^71 to bear, beget *1?J to fashion (as a potter)

^H to walk, go &y to be dry

571* to know TV to go down

5$?* (in hif.) to save, rescue

Translate :

44 HEBREW PRIMER.

lnv »n? *# D^? ^"npi i^bt^¥ ^n1?

wna roSS tpiSk niro wn

T T j • V •.• T | V -/J ; •

^x *3 ww Wfi mSo ibn Din nSn nan

... : - . T : )• Ar • . t : : • •• -: : | : - t

D»n *snv nm •Btot h^k onn« nm nsnta

t - •• : • t: •• : - v •• •„•:••• - t ■ t •

njn nnirr^ Wins W? 'vyp typrp

t : - it )v"- •/>" t

•rjg'ps ^a *n?!0

T T -; IT | " T T T T T V V • -

: Kb" rn&n-Sa mr»i pan Snari wro

it • v t ~ t v ■• : | v t t - v: iv ■ T -

* Gr. p. 147, 1 (a). f Gr. p. 144 (3).

X Gr. p. 141 (c).

And they (f.) bare sons and daughters. And he begat (hif.) a son. I was not known (nif. pf.) to them. Lo, thy wife ; take her and go Q pretonic) ! This man was born (pf. pu.) there. Save me, 0 God! Teach me thy statutes ! House of Ya'aq6b, come ye 0^7) that we may walk (impf. in H— , with X) in the light of Yahwe! Wilt thou go with me to the battle ? Prolong thy kindness to those who regard (VT) thee, and thy guerdon (HpTV) to the upright of heart! And from all

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 45

his troubles (J"n*fif) he saved him. Y6s£f was taken down (T»\ hof. pf.) into Egypt ptp^flfl?). This is the land which thy God is about to give (ptcp.) to thee, to occupy it pri^h1?) . And he gave them the land which he had sworn to give them, and they occupied it, and dwelt in it. They were unable to expel all the nations.

EXERCISE 37. Verbs Ayin Waw and Ayin Yodh (Y'y, *"$?).

Gr. pp. 93-97.

y\D to depart 1W to set, put

Mfi0 to go back, return Dto to flee

rVlfi) to die D^p to arise

UT\ to be exalted, lifted up

D*fc> to set, put tOia (nif.) to totter

jflD (nif.) to retire, fall back

Parse :

_ dt — tib* — niton - ••T • T - |"	_ nap — nap
__ -|DV — ^B>fi —	'2P#hp	— to£> — cm T V T -T"
Translate :
tfinn Btyft nav nia		^sranrrj njri* n$p
it 1 •• t : - at ": i" •• 1 :		: w an kS IT " T

46 HEBREW PRIMER.

rnir nsrnx DPibn nbab niy f|Din

tndn nto «$p ^a or? *l aaa 7?Kh n'S

osb 'HDttN DnxD 7bK»i vroaTb |3te na id»i

7K7GT

•• T ;

Dixn-n.Nt d$ Db>;i tnja& pys II D^$ n^- 5^*5

ir T •.• — ;

tfim V7K +i|7in ^s niy hW7 7^Kn i^n nb nnyi

. T .. J .. ... A ■ -: 1- - 1- v ■.- - t ^ :

: >7K n^-*6

IT •• T

Si -ryb rib$ »3 ^bbi>; nn& Tbx nrr 7ip nibnn *b-7jn ^ns^i ftsnn ww

I A t • -: • - : r : - ■ : t : - •■

era ♦k^jtSn rrby rfasan nra-rn! nmb nwi

I .. ' r I" " t » t t • - t : •• - : - T - :

it • t ir : : :<STT

* Gr. p. 143, 2. f Gr. p. 150 (c).

J Gr. p. 149, note 2.

He hath said in his heart, I shall not totter (nif impf.). He was not able to kill me (hif. inf. c. 7). My money is restored (hof. 5)W). And thou (f.), arise, go to thy house! Backward ("linX) I have not fallen (nif. #ID). Thou makest him rule over (5) the works of thy hands ; all thou hast put (F0) under his feet. Lofty eyes thou wilt humble (hif. 73$). Know ye that I am God; I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted in the earth (qal impf.) ! Above (fib) my assailants (ptcp. of D^p) thou wilt raise me (pil. 011).

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 47

Ye shall not make me a judge (hif. D*8?). Depart from me, all doers (^3, ptcp.) of wickedness (|W>). Thou art my God, I will extol thee (paus. ;|~). And thy heart will be lifted up (pf. qal c. 1), and thou wilt forget thy God, who brought thee forth (fc^V^) from the house of slaves, who guided thee ("jbrr, hif. ptcp. with art. and suff.) in the great desert. And Yahwe made the sea depart (hif. impf. *J 7PI) by a strong east wind all the night ; and he made (D^, hif. impf.) the sea into (?) dry land ; and the waters divided (PpS, nif. impf.). This (f.) is the sign of the covenant which I have ratified (Dip, hif. pf.) between me and (between) all flesh which is upon the earth. Let him go and return (qal juss.) to his house, lest he be killed (die) in the war.

EXERCISE 38.

Verbs Double 'Ayin (TV).

Gr. pp. 98-101.

35p to go round bb$ to spoil

D£&? to be wasted tt3 to plunder

D£ri to finish, intr. to end i?$ snow

^pf to be pure 7?3 to roll

Parse : , .

o&wk — nizm — HBBb — dm — b& — nn»i

: v t - t t - : v - • t-

48 HEBREW PRIMER.

Translate :

j nrb 'xbk mir D^a *a ^nno-DJ »^3D

iv t v : - ■■ : • -at: -

Ttafi Tisrn pan pinn p'isn

cm nihil n?>S dW?s mw rrro Sw -wi

ns^n tip + "?rrv&rD w «S nntfi mW *m

J : i- -: i- t t - :

mpistik HTJ&ni tab \hv mmpi d^-iS ^n i&Kh

• ■ -: i v • t : t t • t • - • tt (v v -

p^ra-m nrr-pT rnjrn rm-m Dpi ^kihyftyi

iv •• : - - t : av : v t ■ : • :

tpmsn ^323 iran-Sy ^m wi »Btofl §b3^ did

I |A..T - : - - • - - t • t •• : - : t : •

t prcpa Dyn-^3

IV I T • T T T

* Hif. juss. f According to thy slaying, HIO, hif. inf.

J Gr. p. 147. § Inceptive imp/.

All the people had finished crossing the Yarden (7, c. inf. "lltf). And that year ended (qal irapf. c. ')). And ye shall go round (pf. qal c. 1) the city, all the men of war, girdling (inf. hif. S]pJ) the city once. Thou hast profaned the name of thy God (pi. 7711). And all the cattle and spoil of the cities we carried off (TTl) for ourselves (for us). They have laid waste (hif. pf.) all the cities of thy country. They stood still (ptcp. and pron.) until all these words were ended (Dmy). Sinners shall be destroyed (nif. DftH) from the earth.

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 49

Cast (773) upon Yahwe thy path. And I will make her princes (*VW) purer than snow (hif. pf. c. 1). For (JV) their sins I will waste them (hif. impf. c. suff.). And God made the people go round (hif. shortened impf. c. •}) by way of the desert. And Ya'aq6b drew near, and rolled (hif. impf. c. ')) the stone from upon the mouth of the well.

EXERCISE 39.

Verbs Lamedh 'Alef (N"1?). Gr. pp. 102-104.

K¥£ to find ; to happen to

VTp to call KM to hate

KT to fear K?fc to be full

"T T

Parse : Translate :

T ; - I - ; - T T T ; |T ; A * '" T V " •

• -- - .. tt • vl : A" t:'t " T •(! '

nanpn n»S mrp »jMfej dw wSn naSa ^

t ...);• t t A'-- : - • - • v: |t •• : • s - t i • -.

5

50 HEBREW PRIMER.

♦35 "?jnnn tojg *3 mxn? ♦rfrg nyrS »rwap K3p

V at v : it )•.-•: v : •• t : •

* Gr. p. 149, The Imperative.

The waters of Dim6n are filled with blood (pf. qal). We will fill (pi. impf.) our houses with spoil. I will hate (qal) thy haters (pi. ptcp.). What hast thou found of all the vessels of thy house? Set (p*P) it here (!"I3) before my brethren and thy brethren, that they may arbitrate (fD*, hif. impf. c. I) between us two. They sought me (pi. $pl), and I was not found (nif. pf.). Fill ye the waters in the seas ! And God said to him, Thy name shall no longer be called Ya'aq<5b ; and he called his name Yisra el. And you, ye hated me, and sent me away from with you. Hast thou found me, my foe? And he said, I have found thee! Wherefore hath all this befallen us? He will not find thee, and will kill me (pf.). Thou hast thrown off (BttJ) thy people the house of Ya'aq6b because (O) they are full (qal pf.) of (p) the East ; and his land has filled (nif. impf. c.waw conv.) with silver and gold, and there is no (]'8) end (JTl^j?) to his treasures (T^K, pi. Hi).

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES.

51

EXERCISE 40.

Verbs Lamedh He (IT'S = *"h = rh).

Gr. pp. 104-107.

MS to build

1 T

nyn to wander

n^n it was hot, 7 to . .

T T I

np3 to weep Tim to make, do n^S to turn round

HD3 to cover

T ■

ri73 to be exiled

T T

he was enraged

HIV (pi. pu.) to order, bid

n^n to live

Parse :

— *mtf — D3n^

n»rc

— rh\*

n^3

nD3

Translate :

ms \5trh &#« WW t^3 «^3

Dnn?»-7*i [hft-Sx -idk»i n«a n^p nn»i

W*h T3& ni^S D»n aeJ3

t^jiiftB ni^Ss} *n^aNi w^i

♦nay into omaki n&no d?n wb«j wt? )m

vba to w "i ^«-h»a DipaS #w nsra Dtf aft

DWKn

Gr. p. 144 (3).

f Gr. p. 149 (a).

K*

52 HEBREW PRIMER.

■ T iv t •.. :i- | v t T - : ; it • - - :

niy ^hm fn^y ^-by\ ?h| Sip +D^b n^C'^l

HIP *W? : itarrw won w^a-taa sontf* c^ Sns nnrti-W

I i • v •• : t ; ■ t - ; - T T •.• t -: i-

twnm-ft whft rains MirSy

I" • • t A1 : • T -:

* Intensity gained by repetition, cf. Gr. p. 151, a, b, c. f Gr. p. 154, ad Jin.

I did according to all that he commanded me. Thou shalt turn in the morning and go (pf. c. 1.) to thy tents. Thou hast forgiven (XBO) the guilt of thy people, and thou hast covered (pi. pf.) all their sin. Thy sons and thy daughters by the sword shall fall (paus. c. holem), and thy land with the line shall be portioned out, and thou in a heathen (N£tp) land shalt die, and Yisra'el shall surely be exiled from (7S?/b) his own land! Earth, cover not thou ("/K, c. impf. pi.) my blood! The daughter of Yiftah went, she and her companions, and she wept for (7S?) her maiden-hood upon the mountains. The king of 'Asshur took Sh6mer6n, and transported (hif. jussive Tr?X) Yisra'el to 'Asshiir (accus. ending), and settled (impf. hif. 1&) them in his cities. There is a time for birth (inf. 1 T), and a time for dying ; a time for weeping (inf. constr.), and a time for laughing (pHE?). Order thine household (?), for thou art about to die (ptcp.),

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 53

and shalt not live ! This do, and live (sing, verbs, )) ! Thy guides (pi. ptcp. *IBW) are misleaders (hif. ptcp.

nyn).

EXERCISE 41.

Verbs Doubly Weak. Gr. pp. 108-110. Translate :

ncsfcS iS-\nni nnp»i mb> *nSnxn pw pijwi

T • : : - t v | t • - t t t v: i t | T : * t . • : -

T «s t v:i~-

^rSftQ «3j?J D^D nH ^'8 Mp"W

niirrw ciSTp D3»i vnrun wn fn)h 1x3*7% pbm

•• : • " t I " * ■ : : ■ - ■;:••• • : r> - :

* info £/ie fe«< o/" /Sara. The article may be prefixed to the constr. ■when the genitive is & proper name.

| By night. Gr. p. 132 {b).

t Who art thou that thou fearedst ....

§ Gr. p. 131 (a). || Inf. constr. flU.

54 HEBREW PRIMER.

» ti»: t - t jt ■• : • « : - T ; it

w • • i" * >- t • v: iv ~ • : - " ~: : •

Pray do not evil (5ftH, hif. impf.), my brothers! Remember to fear thy God all the days of thy life. When (*3) thou tillest (impf.) the ground, it shall no more yield (add to give) its strength to thee; a wan- derer (yi3, ptcp.) shalt thou become on the earth! And Midyan was brought low (JJJ3, nif. impf.) before the sons of Yisra'61, and they did not raise their head again (&p*). Hagar said, Let me not look on (3) fAe death of the boy; and she lifted up her voice and wept. I will not smite every living thing any more (I will not add again to smite). Only beware greatly ("lW, qal) to do the command and the law which M6she commanded you, to love Yahwe your God, and to walk in all his ways, and to keep his commands, and to serve him with all your heart and with all your soul. And Sara said, Banish (BHJ, pi. imper.) this handmaid (HJbX) and her son; for her son shall not inherit with (DJ?) my son: and the word was very grievous (SttTl) in the eyes of 'Abraham. And M<5she went up from the wilds (H2ny) of M6'ab unto the mountain of Neb6 ; and Yahwe made him see all the land, and said unto him, This is the land that I sware to 'Abraham, saying, To thy seed I will give* it; I have made thee see it with thine eyes,

* Pausal suff.

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES.

55

but (1) thither thou shalt not pass over. And I am a young lad; I know not how to go out and come in.

EXERCISE 42.

Pausal Forms.

Gr. p. 37.

Translate :

tobB* &6 Din*

A : • T

: Mtbn dw ta*r

it ••. : / : it -

tetf" nsrni nn-^m

at : • t ; • : - t :

j hpm pan a«D

i -: i" - T

: wan && dhwi d^mi ons di

• : it t • - • t : • t

pxan; otj njTj p&HT sv dv tiki

*6 i#x oSiy ns^i nSiy nann d^s? vinyi

v -; t ~ - • ; t ^ ■ j v v •• -: t ;

x roB>n

- 1" T

vast & rb'h) d&v tj&a tw ^

a- i* t : - t t ■ t | • ~ t. : :

rhn Dnnni rgtf •spnjg;-^ iBte radian] ^n

itv:iv

Wan «^| ttftp tapKh *& tl^"Tn? ^ Wi ^ jp;pn» ^|J? W? tnx ^ crp%? sppo Tjjfn©

56 HEBREW PRIMER.

The high ones shall be brought low Q. The judg- ment of his God he has not forsaken Q. The covenant of her God she has forgotten (:!"inX>). Their sons have they sent away (pi. fl7$). My covenant ye must not forget («?, c. impf.). He said unto her, Go (p.); and she went (p.). And N6ah commenced (hif. impf. of 7?n, c. ')) husbandman (man of the ground), and he planted a vineyard (♦— ). All things that crawl on (bW, impf. sing, f.) the ground, and all fishes of the sea, into your hand are they given (nif. pf. paus.). He was fifty years old (a son of fifty year) when (•'}) he died (Gr. p. 93, note 3). Go out from the Ark, thou, and thy wife, and thy sons, and thy sons' wives with thee (p.). And he said unto him, What is thy name? and he said, Ya'aq6b. And he said, No longer shall thy name be called Ya'aqob but Yisra'el. I will thank thee in a great gathering ( /Hp) ; amid a numerous (DWV) people I will praise thee ! Pity me, 0 God, pity me (pH), for in thee hath trusted (HW) my soul !

EXERCISE 43.

The Numerals.

Gr. pp. 66-68. Translate :

n^bnn-nx D>:te ttoin n&nSib dak m>

T • I I- V *t; i T ; - tT:" V m : IT

ELEMENTARY EXERCISES. 57

uyrrrh -dt-^ d:dS Sis* d\s* mbeha

v : t t t v t • • t : \ v

ni&K yrixi n|>s* ni»x y^n Sna enj ifcny nan

t : T

n«3 niSyan w-by d^ onj&y D»n« -to d»3B^

•.- • -: i- - ■• - t ■ • rj • t -: t T " :

o*Bha mSk neth nm tiSx d^# dhWiS &btti

t it • t -: ••• " : v v I ■•• v • : ■• t ■ : : v iv

nhS D»n-ns^-Sy iBta bra oyi

at t - - ; - v -: - t :

atom d^Sk ntihvft ?hx niNJS-&?£> cnipsn-ba wi .. ..,. . T .. . | ... ... .... . j . . T ...

,. . -. ,-

He dwelt on the mountain, and his two daughters (= two of his d.) with him. The fourth generation shall return (pi.) hither (H3n). From the four (f.) winds come, 0 breath (art.), and breathe (H33, imper.) into (2.) these slain ones! There were five (f.) cities in the land of Micrayim speaking the language (lip) of Kenaan. 'E'yl6n judged Yisrael ten (f.) years. Behold, the sun and the moon and eleven stars were bowing down (ptcp. ifinri^n) to me! When thou goest (in thy going) to-day from me (HOyp), thou wilt find (pf. c. Vi two (constr.) men near (pV) R&hel's grave. And they two made a covenant before Yah we. I will not destroy the city (fin$, hif.) if I find there forty and five. And the waters were gradually failing (going and failing, inf. abs.*) until (IV) the tenth month ; in the tenth, on

* Gr. p. 151 (b) ad med.

58 HEBREW PRIMER.

the first of (?) the month appeared the heads of the mountains. And in the second month, on the seven and twentieth (20) day of the month, the earth had dried (&?5)). And Shaiil went down, and with him 3000 men (B»K). The youth shall die 100 years old (a son of 100 years). Those who were mustered were a hundred thousand, and one and fifty thousand, and eight hundred and seventy (= 151,870).

PART II.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT,

WITH

SHORT NOTES, AND REFERENCES

TO THE

MERCHANT TAYLORS' HEBREW GRAMMAR.

PART 11.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT.

§ 1-

The Creation of Heavens, Earth, and Light.

nan nxi °DW'n na iwrbx bxiz flrv#ara it t ■• : ■ v t - •• /.• v: t r v « :

/vini *nh *r\n*n patm

t t ; it | v t T :

6:D*ari '3rSy ^nsrrt? dt^k iyn) niK-'vn nix **rp D*r6« nfcan

i • :i- A • : >-■ v:

l . v T v .... ...

dv nW? d*t6k inpn

AnS^S *jop °^&rh)

t :at t]jt |v i. - :

62 HEBREW PRIMER.

8 "At first." * See Gr. p. 130, No. 1.

" Gr. p. 44, note ad init.

* 3 f. sing. pf. qal of PIT!, verb IT'S, Gr. p. 106; see also p. 139, N.B. and footnote.

' Notice absence of dagesh; Gr. p. 22, Dagesh, 1.

/ Pretonic qamee; Gr. p. 17 (1).

3 Ptcp. f. piel of *)m; see Gr. p. 149, Participle, 1 (a).

h Pausal qameg; Gr. p. 17 (1), 37 (a).

k Jussive of ITH (resolution of £P-; so D& became ^lf).

1 K"3 verb; Gr. p. 147, note 3, ad init. The yod not doubled in waif hi; Gr. p. 23, note 1.

m Impf. with waw conv. of HiO; Gr. p. 24, 2.

" \ and = > (labial vowel) before a labial ; ivayyabdel = hif. impf. with waw conv. fr. 7*D.

0 Gr. pp. 43, C, 44, note, the Article ; = ^H1? con- tracted; so ^H1? for Vhalioshek; see also p. 125, /3.

* Metheg marking open syllable wa ; Gr. p. 37 (£>), ad init.

q Accent retracted because of penacute word which follows.

§ 2.

The Expanse of Heaven between the Upper and the

Nether Waters.

ft&th d*j& |*3 'Was **m

• it t "v" • : -

READINGS FllOM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 63

y^l1? * ^ Tj&? D*)3n w p^ faw spp-i1? d^Sk aop»i

•A' t - |o t t • v: tJ: •-

.• >■ • : i"

° See § 1, k.

1 Constr. of "sUJl, weak segholate; Gr. p. 60 (ii). c See § 1, h.

d VV1 = 'PI* + "I, and let it be; distinguish this from 'PI)1 and it was; Gr. p. 144, note 2.

e Hif. ptcp. / See § 1, /.

9 Impf. with waw conv. of Plbty, T\"? and £ guttural verb; see Gr. pp. 24, 2, 106. * See § 1, n. . .

k Mittahaih = min + tahath = ab infero, on the under side, below; so meal, in next clause, = a super o, on the upper side, above.

' From j*p}37; see § 1, o.

m See § 1, n. n See § 1, e.

§ 3. Dry Land and Water ; Trees and Grasses

64 HEBREW PRIMER.

:p-*m rra»n Tia-im pa ^n^3*S dv6$ tfif?5

/>■ - t|t >v ••(:•:

Nfcj^ pan *Mrrn mSx naxh

I v t t : i- • v:

"i^D1? n? wnb'y na lyy ynj *sp?£ ^ :p-*m parrSy "ii-ism °x>k

|i" • :i- | vat t i. :- v -:

q rwtb n yma n^y kbh p^n * ktoi

. ^ -... - •; - v .. •.• ... J •• T T

I : v v: ; —

: ^^ qv -lph-w msrm

r • : | v v, • : i- v :■ • : r

fl Nif. impf. 3 pi. fr. Hip, verb 7\'h, Gr. p. 106, a command; jussive use of impf., Gr. p. 142 (b).

1 See § 2, *.

c Nif. impf. (jussive) 3 sing. f. fr. HiO ; " and let be seen ;" cere compensative, see Gr. p. 24, 1, and 3 guttural verb.

d See § 1, o.

e ) = ) before sh'wa. Miqwe, constr. of miqwe ; see Gr. p. 64, Rem. 1.

f Weak segholates, A, Gr. p. 60 (i.).

9 See § 1, m.

h Hif. jussive 3 sing. f. fr. m% verb K"S ; Gr. p. 102.

* Hif. ptcp. fr. pT{. l Constr.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 65

m Ptcp. of riVV. n Look out |»0.

0 'asher bo = in which, Gr. p. 128, 6; supply is. p Hif. impf. with waw conv. 3 sing. f. of X^t; see Gr. p. 109.

* Equals \anfj.

§ 4.

The Great Lamps for the rule of Day and Night,

and the Stars.

own iy\r$ 'tfrktf Mrp tfnSx tt*p$)

erh'in rai Ei*n ra <*^anb *♦ d»^i * d^Si ' DHsn&bi nhisS /m\

i* t ; v t ; • -; I : : T >

"ahvsn rthfesn °^n« Dtrfra M w_

j raatan n*o * rWn rfceteeb ten twjctb : nan-Stf m yxrh d Wn srcna DT^B crro* * jw

i ■ v.- v: :--

: wan dv npfmn anrw

66 HEBREW PRIMER.

« § 1, I * § 1, h

c PI. of 11^9 > tne shortening of qame? in this and the next word is due to the loss of accentual support. d Inf. constr. hif. e § 1, A.

/ Gr. p. 148 (5). * nm.

T T

' Equals 'Kit? + *?; see § 2, d. So foVg^a = ^ + reqia. See also Part I., Ex. 4, note. m Hif. inf. constr. of Tk\\ " § 2, $r. ° D?3#

;; Constr. of nS^; Gr. p. 63, ad^ra. ? Pe niin verb, Gr. p. 88, ad Jin. " § 1, ™.

§ 5. Fishes, Birds, Reptiles, formed and blessed.

n»n*BteJap# D^n wnsr dviSx i&xrt

At - v ... I w.. • - - : : • v:

A- : - v • - - v • v: t : • -

V" • : • - - :,T « -: v v t t - - v v r ■• -

i • v v; ;--

""ibaS dviSk 'ante **ra^

A •• v v: t | vt :-

DV3*a ownx W?» "tt^ Kns

READINGS PROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 67

a Accus. mater., Gr. p. 133 (b).

4 Collectives.

c Pil'el of Spy (= pi' el, i.e., intensive stem). Gr. p. 97, 5.

d hoi nefesh hahayyd = all the animal life. Hahayyd is a genitive ; cf. yad yemini, hand of my right, yom hashshishshi, day of the sixth.

e Ptcp. qal f. f See a.

9 See § 3, n, q. h Gr. p. 129 (ii.).

* Verb 'ay in guttural, pi' el iinpf., Gr. p. 85 ; see also p. 147, note 3, ad init.

1 Gr. p. 47, 1, sign of accus.

m Gr. p. 26, b; inf. constr. of 1&K, with pref. h ; = dicendo.

* Imperatives qal of verbs lamedh he; Gr. p. 106. 0 Jussive of HTl; Gr. p. 105, Rem. 6.

§ 6. Cattle and Reptiles ; Mankind and their Blessing.

rtinh n»n /#sj pan aK*in tfrita naxh

t • : t - v v I v t t •■ • v:

/,•• • :i- AT • : I vvv : r : v vt t

6*

68 HEBREW PRIMER.

ni^? rubnin-nxi nit}? pan en*rrriN wrfcx <wi

A" * : w t-:it V V T ■• ;

:nto"*a d^n* ann

i * v.- v: :--

* ttpizyja * ttg&ya / dtk * nfe^j d\4*?k "taw pan-Sara nj&naa*! Dwn/*)W) 053 /'nana rrri

: parrSy w win BWrSaai

| V ITT " T V VV T T :

*i&ja*tHKrrnK d*hSk soa»i

; - : t t t v • v: t : • -

)m *na wrbx oS^a

A t t v v; v -.• :

:dhk xna nap:n nai brbx Dna fQy

t a : • : | vvr t v : • : ; • v: v t

own ftlyy D-vvn:nam7i jpxn-^ '"WJbhn/rvTrSaa'i

I V IT T - V T ^T - T ;

°§3,p. \§1,/.

c Archaic form = IVH; Gr. p. 52, middle.

d § 2, £. Adj. f. used as abstr. subst. in collective sense, " living creatures."

/ Collectives. ' Qal impf. 1 pi. W.

h Gr. p. 59, Segh. A.

k § 4, /; see Part I., Ex. 4. Look out demuth.

1 Constr. of n^PT.

Ptcp. with article = 6 epiroov, r\ epirovaa. ■ Gr. p. 125, ft • § 5, A.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 69

;; Gr. p. 47, ad fin ; qamec pretonic.

5 § 5, n.

T Imper. of fc^53, with f 3 pers. suffix

§7.

Seeding Grasses and Fruit Trees given for Food to Animals and Man.

The Seventh Day made holy.

jH! h sni Offlrbg-m D5S a wg nan- dv&k *p&\

I v t T t ■• : - v -:

jnj $ni ppi? ia-^x p?rr^i nan

♦♦nSsxS «tppi* d^S

it : t : w : r v t

njn tfsj ir^x jp-nn nSnxS n^yep^-^-nx

A : ^ •• • : t t v -: t v • v: : —

^DKar1^ pxm own *fe»5

it t : t : | v\.t t : • - T - : -

At r v -: 1. : - : • • : - - v: - :-

i nby -rata iM^xSa-Saa *i?^n Dta na#»i

70 HEBREW PRIMER.

ink £$>3pp_ ' »H$n DV-nx d*it^m * •spy}

°;nw7 D^n'W Ki3-w inDxSa-Ssa nn$ in »3

c Gr. p. 88, note.

* Qal ptcp. lamedh guttural, Gr. p. 88, 1.

c 'dsher bo = wherein; Gr. p. 128, 6, ad init. d Yihye V . . , it shall become . . e Greenness of grass = green grass; Gr. p. 128 (ii.), ad fin. f Equals plupf., "he had made." 9 Notice the article.

* Pu al impf. 3 pi. of hSd.

T T

1 Pi' el jussive, 3 sing, of n?3; Gr. p. 105, Rem. 6.

m n^Q. n § 6, o.

0 Inf. constr. of n^y, with 7 ; bard la'asoth, fashioned so as to make.

§ 8. 'lydb, Ms Wealth and Piety.

tew »ni;x prn^? tt^ ^ jjni&'nDi DTi7ttrfNTi nsn en xm trxnrnTVi

w it- jt : v.- v: )» • Jttj it - i- T JT T .

*tntoa tyS^i ^D^n nsn# iS /nWi

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 71

niim« niKD atom Spa-ntox nte-a Btern

ifca n3i Tragi : tnp-osrSaa bfta *ttnn #wn to

,«, j- c v I i t : t t * : it :

tDnav rni^Si SbxS * Drums wWS c^ipi "inS&Jh

iv i v : ■ : / v: iv v ~ I : - v J : • :|it : : it :

DB^i^i 3i*a rnSsr) npiBterr^ #fe»pjn »a »fri

■• :|- :,- j • s- : •- ■.•:•- •• : |- ■ a- • : i-

t •.. j- : • r jt v iv : jv !• : :

D33S3 d^hSm y kte& >fa \san ;1as ni\s -idk *3

at t : • v v: / : I- - T a : it - • a- t •■:

/v -: 1- t ^t

« U rI

There was," emphatic = existed, once lived.

* Supply was, as usual in Hebrew, Gr. p. 124, 1, note. Look out U&.

c Wehayd, impf. of habit, Gr. p. 148, c, 5.

d Constr. of ST£; see Part I., Ex. 4.

' TO, ptcp. / ~h\

9 |3, Gr. p. 65. ;< r>3, Gr. p. 65.

* fijppj Gr. p. 64, Rem. 1. ' Segholates A, Gr. p. 59.

m vpt ; lamedh doubled in pi. to preserve original a.

n Collective. ° Gr. p. 137, 1.

p Accus. loc, Gr. p. 133 (a).

q "In the house of each, (on) his day;" accus. temp., Gr. p. 132 (b).

72 HEBREW PRIMER.

*

r Verb n;/^, inf. constr. * Verb \% hif. ' DV.

" Apodotic waw; " f/ie« 'Iy6b sent," etc. w Equals impf. of habit; "he would rise early," etc., Gr. p. 148 (c). Heela, hif. of PlStf.

31 Accus. : " according to the number of them all." y Pf. with weak waw; "and have cursed," pi. pf.

§ 9-

The Adversary before Yahwe.

*tan ^ms jD^n-Sx nirr wi

A T | • J- •■ I vr t - V JT . v s

tjrje npi tfpfaa an* w on tr*K

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 73

: Pjj| pa " sirups roia h; n^89

A v -: t .: 'v-5 I :it it - i: t :

rfi*a iS-itfwSa nan wi-^s nin* ibk*i

| vT : v -: t k- • I t t r ••• t : v I-

rTjT n^n-Sx xhtt pi

|Avt v- : • - t •• J j-

tntfr ^s 'Dy& jtbbn *kn

a " Now there came a (Gr. p. 126, note 1) day when the sons of God went," etc. "The sons of God," i.e., the angels. Wayyabdu, impf. 3 pi. N12.

h by before. c § 2, 6.

rf P.X + p = from where, whence?

e rm.

T T

/ Notice i\\Q paused pathah; Gr. p. 37 (a). ' "Hast thou set;" W, qal pf. 2 sing., with inter, prefix.

h Gr. p. 49, 7. * "fiD, ptcp. qal.

1 Inter, prefix + hinnam, which look out; and see Gr. p. Ill, 2.

m Verb )'% " § 8, k.

0 |"S verb; Gr. p. 88,2.

p Gr. p. 158, N.B. 2. " He will doubtless curse thee to thy face!" Suppressed apodosis.

q Pausal form (= yabarrakanka, with nun assimi- lated).

r Note pausal and non-pausal forms.

74 HEBREW PRIMER.

s Verb v/3.

1 Compound prep. = "from," Gr. p. 116, 2.

* For this name read 'Adonay ; see Gr. p. 14, note 4

§ io.

Three Messengers of Evil.

p awi tnhiti vnini vim Di»n *w

A- - v • v « liT : -

iv •■: * j k in ! : i * t Jt t -

V«Vr * i J " v.' t : - "•' ; •• It • - t ; < • "

: ttS "ran1? mhiS ^x-pn "nDSaxi

| it r - s *■• " : •>• " I st : t • it

T&Kh as nn * lino nr i niy

• - t - | • t : it v: J"

A- : i - v t ; - I ■> - /- : • -

| it j - - : v - : i)" -: | st : t • ;t

.". . CO • .

nwi aa nn nana n? i my

jt v : " " : Jv J

t jt : jt . : -

nnn-*sS Man D^an-nxi 'dAm b^J&an-Ss? w*w

vat • : j • «.• t : - v : |t" • - : - - s . . •

Jit i- - : v - : ;)• -: | - it : t • it

READINGS FROM THE OLE- TESTAMENT. 75

a § 9, a. h Gr. p. 149 (a). T\W.

c For this verb see Gr. p. 108.

* r\>h. e n"b, ptcp. pi. f.

/ ' al-ye dehem, by their side. ' }"3; Gr. p. 88, 1.

* |"S and IT'S; Gr. p. 109, ad/w.

* r!$) mouth ; Gr. p. 66, ad in it. 1 Pausal ; = ann.

m Gr. p. 143, note 2, is as true of the cohortative as of the jussive fortn of the impf.

" Look out IS. 0 Verb |"3; hif. inf. constr. p K"S verb, Gr. p. 84. m f.

q The Kasdim, generally identified with the Chal- daeans.

r See § 9, g.

§ 11-

The Last and Crowning Disaster ; 'Tydb's Pious Resignation.

nfcx-n k a nn nana nr a ny

A- - Jt vv: •• - : jv -<.

tniaan Dn^nx jvaa p *tmbn b^k vnmi via rtiaa i?anxa<w nansn nay a icn«a nSins nn nam

/wi&»i cnyn-Sy 6'Sbn nin

76 HEBEEW PRIMER.

| it v - : v - : j- -: I " st : t • it

A » tvt- ■ ; V j-|; •- • |T<T-

IT ; •- T : V" v •-

pise? n^N4 dt;i *d« rbrafc ° %nr oSy n&xh

T T J T T I • . 1 V JV - " T T T

nrh nim ?ro mir

ATT V.T I" 1 " T JT I

^ nirr w *w

vt : j- •>• :

a While; dum hie loquebatur.

> § 10, b. I

c Pf., as the accent shows; Gr. p. 97, Rem. 4.

d § 9, o. ' § 10, $r. I

/ So in Greek eOavov, were killed.

9 § 10, n. 1

* Dip; Gr. p. 93, note 3. I

* Defective writing for T$Mp.

2 J^j gazaz, Gr. p. 99, note 4.

w " To the earth," Gr. p. 52, ad med.

71 nn^; hithpalel, shortened impf. with pausal qamec. Hishtahawe, transposed from hithshaliawe ; yishtahu is a contraction of yishthhaw, like Ydhu from Ftz/m^ or Yahawe, and *PI3, ^Hh, § 1, e,f, from rV/^, &JA&0.

0 K, third radical, omitted. ^ Second qamec pausal. ' § 1, k

r Equals meburrak, i.e., pual ptcp. of V guttural verb.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 77

§ 12. The Temptation and Fall of Man.

niwn *n*n a^bf2 urw rrn priam

*. T — j- - • T IT T T T ~ I

D*ri^N niir nb>y new

h- :•: jt : v.r t /v -:

j|jn fy ^i&'fean xS

AT T - V W • IT V ) -

||iT*t^? "$^ fW W* ':pp(jij-|a *ia Mjan xh)

AT • IT V «T " V J-

:nnfcfi wniEr*6

lis: v i

... . j... : t -: : • • v: - 1- •<

'; pi nib *xn* rDvfcx3 *bn"m mw nnpsji

" it - y v : i • I" v • : |* Av "i" v J: ; • :

hixtb yvt\ hits *3 nl&&n <&nm

t -; - : | •■ • t j* t ■ it vj»-

"^ifr.*? f*yn r-igmi D^y1? tfiiT*njKn ^j

A" v : • • I*- * -

yj^xh nay h^nS-d^ Mnm

i- - ^t • j)t • : - 1 1" • -

78 HEBREW PRIMER.

a Gr. p. 137, 1; p. j

b n*H is collective.

T ~

0 A question. SIX = ^#3; '«/ H, Is it even so that, Is it true that.

rf 73 . . . «?, not any, no; Gr. p. 49, 8, ad fin.

e Verb K"S, Gr. p. 84.

/ Collective.

9 Potential use of impf. ; Gr. p. 142, C.

h Constr. of ^F), weak segholate, Gr. p. 60 (ii.).

* Gr. p. 22 (1), (2), Dagesh; verb \% $$.

' Older form of Vti&fi (verb Vy, Gr. p. 94). Note effect of shifting the accent.

m Emphatic, " Ye shall not die!" Gr. p. 151.

" Verb Y% ptcp.

0 Inf. constr. with suffix, Gr. p. 152, c, d. " In the day of your eating."

* The waw marks the apodosis, like 8e in Greek ; Gr. p. 148, 4.

q Note the vowels of this word; pf. 2 pi. of STPI, verb P!"V

r Gr. p. 26, b. Pretonic qamec.

* Shortened impf. qal, 3 sing. f. of HiO; Gr. p. 110, third verb.

* Gr. p. 129, 2.

" Ptcp. nif. of verb 5 guttural ; = cupiendus or amabilis.

w " To look at," or " for becoming wise."

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 79

x See Gr. p. 88, verbs |"fi, 1, and note. v Notice the paused forms; Gr. p. 37 (1).

§ 13- God's Bow.

I •• j- -: jv -: • : - i < • v: v j-

ftv : • jv -: s.t - */~ t 1 .y •.• •• i- • ••

I ATT V • V." T • : | "

:pNTi rcn wa nna nixS 'rirwn

| V it » I J" <• •• • : J : t : iT :

yn&rbv py ew:n irro

I vat t ■= KtT r-.r : t t :

:pya nt^pn /nnx^i

I it t iv v Iwr- /r -: : ■ :

db^ai ;rs iKte *hna-nK ''man

v •• j.. *■; -. • : v j- : - it :

^T T T ; VT - V^V T I 3"

it t t v - : * : • - - s *.• : i* i :

pya nBten nmi

I ATT IV V |<.v " >t ; |T ;

D^y ma nb.1? *nwjnsi .ntfi-rS? new -ra-Sna n»n Bterta pai tfrtas pa

| v it t - #y —. vt t t : t - v jv t I •• • v: I j~

" Ptcp. in future sense: "I am going to put." b m (int), with; Gr. p. 48, 3.

80 HEBREW PRIMER.

c n&flj.

d " That it may become."

e Equals ^|y?, pi. inf. of PV (no qal); see Gr. p. 152 (c).

/ " Then shall be seen;" apodotic waw, § 8, v.

0 Notice the place of the accent, Gr. p. 147. Pf. with waw conv.

h " The waters shall not again become a flood ;" sing, verb, pi. subj., Gr. p. 156, 6.

* /IK1! ; 1 sing. pf. qal, with suffix 3 f. sing.

' Gr. p. 13, note 2.

§ 14.

ICnaan promised to 'Abram.

ai jt - v — Iv. t - I • •• : | v *t JT

trim ntiip) naai /mac

T|TT T ; N"T T AVT T / T

*n3ttiK siS tin*] nnx-^K pan-Sa-nK *a pan nsw sjyirn^ 'Wj

. t t t j- -: v : • • •»" ■*• ■

c \sr

e > ~

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 81

A1 : t : vt : r : | v t t >1" - : • | <

t iv : v v | : j-

Equals Wadonay = wa-adonay ; see § 9, •*. 6 Nif. inf. constr. "TIB; mark effect of maqqef; Gr. p. 36, note 1.

NbO; imperat. d Verb IT'S.

'dsher 'atta sham, " that thou there," = where thou art.

/ In these four words notice the old accus. ending, conveying the idea of motion, -ward, Gr. p. 52; the waw has pretonic qamec with negba and qeclma (negeb, qedem).

<J Ptcp. = pres.

A |fti, iinpf. 1 sing, with suffix 3 f . ; § 12, x.

k t%

1 § 9, g ; waw conv., as accent shows.

" So that, if a man can count." 73^, impf. of vb*; perhaps a hof 'al formation, though used as qal, which it may be.

" n3£; cf. p«, mina.

0 Both segholates U, Gr. p. 59.

§ 15.

'Abraham by 'Elohim's Bidding goes to Sacrifice

his only Son.

AT T : ■ '• vr ■ • v: iT : v •■ t J't ;" - - • :-

82 HEBREW PRIMER.

. i„ . v ^ - VT t : - t ■■ v -i"

'pwriK wnrts tiwhn

t ' : t v -: i- :

* : t^x l *iafe *.Bte * onnn nnx ^y

| iv •• j- vv -: • T iv - - -<

inbn-nx Bbrpj yii orrnnx wD3^*j toa pw nw inx hw M^-m <*np»i

i* v: it y - it v "5

J' ' V JT T ; - T •- ■ • ; - J -

| i t I- |i t - » :j—

-; i- • A* T ; T T ; v T T i m

IV ■• "! T / T : |>~ -; |- ; • ;

'm pnvbv vhm rfen b*5wrw Drnnx <*np*i

: j j' i • - st" t^ it j--: v t t : - I"""

rfaxarrnjo r^xr-mx iVa np*i

: hit * Drro0 r tt^i

*Vsx armx-Sx pnar na^i

• t vr t : " I t : •

4:n Cfc33n iftxh 4ix ^xh

A' : •« • v i.- • t ... j-

: nW? r\&r\ v~ rtofl ° D'sOT Bten f nan nDxh

it r ; kv - j- - : ■ ■• jt : •• t v •

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 83

\E nVyS n&n i^-nx^ wrbtt Drrax Ha^i

} vtrv * orrotf r vh)

it : - vv •• : j:\-~

Way'hi . . . w'haelohim, "and it happened after

these things that ; " the English subordinate

clause is co-ordinate in the Hebrew, a mark of ancient speech.

* Gr. p. 48, 5.

c nin lo! (properly, here!) Hinneni pausal, hinnenni common form.

d Gr. p. 88, ]'% note. "T| 7 = ^[7, Gr. p. 36, first note ; imperative of *5pPl

cfa-

f Ethic dative; cf. Fr. s'en alter; "betake thyself." 9 Proper name, Gr. p. 126, y ; str. an epithet. h PPJ?, hif. impf. with suffix.

* Gr. p. 43, ad fin.

1 Impf. 1 sing. ; N"fl, Gr. p. 84.

m Gr. p. 70, ad fin. for the form-, p. 147, note 3 for the use.

« § 4, o. ° yv.

p Gr. p. 93, note 3.

q " It was on the third day that 'Abraham looked up and saw." Wayehi would more naturally have led off the sentence. Wayyissd, \"5l and N"7. Gr. p. 110.

r v/£, imperat. pi.

'ad-kd, thither, to yon place. Nel'ka, cohort., Gr. p. 143, 2.

7*

84

HEBREW PRIMER.

' See § 11, n.

v See § 9, g, and Gr. p. 93, note 3.

" Adv. loc, Gr. p. 112.

* Gr. p. 64, Irreg. Nouns, 1.

* WW?.

§ 16. The Sacrifice Forbidden by the Angel of Yahwe.

:■: it j - it ■»••• '• I T •■ T"

D^yn-m Tun niiarrrw Dma« w » rah

/,• " it v | v -: i-- -•••.- v t t : - <r I .

'iia pnr-m ibv>)

: | jt : • v I -:i —

l- " IT "= V .-«•. - V <T-

rfcaNBn-nx ni5»i ri^-ntf Dmas rbm

jiia-nx to'n^S

i : v v. : •

/:nan iaNh trnax i Dma« no«h

. !•• • v v- /.t t : - jt T : " V *.-

nnx d^k *kt'3 w nny i *a

t - • v: <••: i* • : t jt - j-

: ^3J3b rrir-riK *pa-na n±?n *&

• iv • vl : r : vj: • • t : 3" T ' •

9wipa ^aDa w.nxj ?nnx S^-nani

at :l- : |v- : - f v.iv - "

: ija nnn nbyS q *hp\ Wrrnit nw Drnaa 'J •Ag

i : - /- ;t ' : v,s:i-- • - t v \i-— T t : I V

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 85

"• § 9, a.

b rtJ3; impf. MJS*, shortened p*; Gr. p. 105, Hem. 6.

' § 15, v.

d Gr. p. 47, 1, the objective pron.

6 See § 2, k. Maal, top.

/ § 15, c.

IJ- Shortened form (jussive) from TlpVF), impf. 2 sing.

of nw.

T T

* Me\ima = TM2) Hp " anything whatever " (after a negative).

* Constr. of X^, § 8, d.

1 § 15, q. m "Behind," adv. loc.

" Nif. ptcp. TITO. ° OR.

* § 15, e. 2 See § 15, A.

§ 17- Yddqdb and the Shepherds at the Well.

: D^jr\n c n?ix * ^ ifan agg fl kb*5 rriba nan nam xti

v t - j" : I- • : :--

/n^y cD^ih fe«rrfnny rwhw D&rnm Dmyn nptr ainn ixarrp *3

A- t -: it U : - • - J" : - I •

* t -; it t tjt : v iv :

man *s 9ya pKn-rw 'ASm

86 HEBREW PRIMER.

it I : • v : - >• - I v Jv r •„• s- •• :

ddk * pkjd * *nx spy* ° bnS TfcK'l

: It -: Iwi l" : J-

linrp pS-na ;'Dnsrrn °nnS iftxh

at I v I jt t v >.v : - : - v t ... j-

: itt v : r

A j t -: vv t v j-

: rxttrDy ■ n«a < ifra ^m nam Di^ msh

I | - VT T i" T " * I T ill-

a § 15,?. h § 15, *.

" l**]^ with accus. ending to mark motion towards.

d "fiy, segholate 1st guttural, Gr. p. 60, Rem. 1.

6 Ptcp. = " were lying ;" Gr. p. 149 (a) .

/ Sy before; § 9, b.

,J Hif. impf. frequent. flj#; Gr. p. 141, B (a).

h This word is the predicate, being without the article; Gr. p. 126, ad fin.

k Constr. of H3; Gr. p. 66, ad init.

1 Pff. with waw conv., continuing impf. frequent. : " and all the flocks used to meet there, and men used to (or would) roll;" Gr. p. 148 (c).

'" Hif. pf. $0.; )% Gr. p. 94.

" DIpD. ° Gr. p. 47, 2.

' Gr. p. 65, ad init. q "Whence?"

Inter, part., an novistis? 5?Y, Gr. p. 112, note. ' Notice the pausal vowel.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 87

' fO, Gr. p. 65.

v Fein, ptcp., as the accent shows; Gr. p. 97, Rem. 4.

§ 18.

Yadqob Prays to be Delivered from the Hand of 'Esaw.

| at : • j. t o- I- t x : " J- t v:

v ••': jt r • • t -: i- ■; • • : | t

'tntona ^vh wn rwi

i -: r y : • • <■■ t >t - :

w n*fc *n« Tft *o "uWi

: D^srSy dk ° ^m Kfr-ts ink *aiiK " kt-*3

rt Notice this contraction from 'TjjJ; Gr. p. 26 (6).

a Gr. p. 149 (a), ad ,/m. " Who didst say, or keep saying;" the ptcp. marks unbroken continuance during a certain time. Or it may be present; "who ever sayest," etc.

c Gr. p. 48, 5.

88 HEBREW PRIMER.

d rnTl£, segh. noun.

e "That I may deal kindly;" l&J, Gr. p. 91. As to the construction, see Gr. p. 144, 3.

/ Gr. p. 137, 1; "I am too small for," = " I am un- worthy of."

(J More usually TO "IDH nb>tf he showed kindness to.

h " With my staff," ^fip ; note absence of daghesh, see Ex. 25.

* Proper name, str. an epithet, and therefore with article.

i rti!t3. m ]'% hif. imperat.

n Ptcp. of stative verb; Gr. p. 72, TJ|.

0 j"3 verb; hif. pf. of HM, Gr. p. 109, ad fin. The final H elided before suffix. The pf. with waw conv. continues the impf. as in § 17, /. "Lest he come and smite me, mother upon children;" upon = after, in addition to, like eVi with dative.

§ 19- The Brothers Meet.

axz TO-nam ao»i vty mp m>)

t it ■• *■ • ; :•" r " \ —. i- T

*#*k nto jehk fei

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 89

:Mhn« ftrtrrwi Snrnxi * DmsS *oy g wm

la ■■ ■ • J" t >. :

':tta*i nnp$»i mra-Stf ^b*i

, : • - !A-. t • - ur t - j ■-

DH^m-nxi rb^arrnM arm wtk kb>?i

. T : - v : • t - v :< — T •• V J r • -

I AT V -I" ••• I-

I iv -: 1- : r - I vv •• : - : tr J > • i . j- • -

T t

*wifitf»i pmVi roafrM 'Bfem

A- 1- . >■- T v.-t r ;>T •• - s- • -

8 Ptcp. of N13; "was coming." h See Gr. p. 138, 3, 4.

r rrcrt; shortened form of impf. nXH*. <* " By, or with."

T

/ "First, in front;" adv.

9 Ipse.

h ^s? at face of, before.

* § 11, n.

1 See § 17, c; here = to the ground, xaV<*&'

m |"S, inf. with suffix, Gr. p. 89.

" jn.

0 "To meet him ;" inf. constr. fern, form of N1J3.

90 HEBREW PRIMER.

■

r 7\m, Gr. p. 65.

s " He gave, bestowed," with accus. of person and thing.

§ 20. Yosef sold by his Brothers.

at ... v \\r Jr v -: I- : I-

crran ink «Sp*i tfinsfl

:d^ is rx rfpn item

nxn-n bn^y /w] Dnb-Spxb eh&$

ivhfo kr\xz d*9*wd0* nnnx nani

Ar : • • •.! i • •• : : J- : i

t : it : • j- : v : i

vnx-Sx nw i&x»i

t j* :

ntornx mw&2\ wia-rw nru «j y¥5~na

iT . ^- • : * T *- .in

xn uib>n wnx-^ :vnx w&Bh

it v v ; : "i-

onnb dwb d^jx nny»i

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 91

t : it : • !>■•• v y t-

a "When."

/v Notice this word; the abs. is fijfi?. The next word is the usual constr. ; cf. \itcoi>1 and our word " cotton."

c "113, with ace. ending, " into the pit."

d Equals p**1; defective writing, Gr. p. 10, 7.

e WS verb.

/ |"S; the nun first assimilated, and then dropped, because a mere sh'wa follows, Gr. p. 23, note 1.

' rt'S verb.

h Is this pf. or ptcp. ? see Gr. p. 97, Rem. 4.

* v% hif. inf.

1 Miprayim, Egypt; accus. ending, marking motion to.

m HD3 ; the pf. with waw conv. continuing impf. nahdrdg.

p rrn, Gr. p. 108.

q Hif. impf. JTO; the qal impf. has the same form,

nbsr.

r See Gr. p. 139, note 1; "twenty sheqels of silver." 3 Hif. K13, Gr. p. 107.

92 HEBREW PRIMER.

§ 21. The Dream of the Fat and Lean Kine.

:n^n-Sy di$ t\t\\ <i&r\ n^n^i nns yi# rfhVy n&yrp njini

IT r T \*' ; • -

Tfyrrpp jnnHNi niSy nhna nns $w n5rn

*to nij-m nana *nun j i^n nsb^y nnsn S^k n:rtai

i : - j- : - \. t - v ;•• t : 3 *=• 1- 1-

"■fen nsTi nxnan mjn rvhsn n^rim

tt- lJ": •.•:-" <t t- t:j-

a j*p)ft a ^me, at the end.

*c Gr. p. 132(a).

rf Ptcp., " was dreaming," etc. rny, § 20, ^.

tf Gr. p. 135, gen. of ref.

/ nS^, XH3 ; the qamec is only pretonic, and therefore vanishes in eonstr.

9 IT'S.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 93

h JH bad, = V VI ; therefore the qamec. is kept, being compensative.

* »"S, like Vhl, Gr. p. 90.

The Dream of the Full and Thin Ears of Com.

m& oVn mb^i

t nhbi riiana -in** rupa nib'y w d^jP wj? i rgsfl

: jnnn« nin^f dhjj " n^n^ nijin d^gp jqjf* nan1]

D^aBTi sn# na niiinn D*S#n n^ySnni

rmSsro nixnan

:DiSn rjjni njn§ Ti?*1-

inn ° d$gi$ nj?M vn

ibSrrntf hrh njjia * iiw

T AV T " r

1 V'S, like BH\ Gr. p. 90 ; the qamec is /?awsa/. m Look out nSb^.

" A passive ptcp. followed by a gen. ; Gr. p. 135, near end.

0 See Gr. p. 147, note 3, for the accentuation and seo-hol. p WfitsnO sacred Scribes.

o •- •

2 Why is not the yod doubled? Gr. p. 23, note 1.

94 HEBREW PRIMER.

§ 22. The Two Dreams Interpreted.

jink nhsS DiSn »y&Bto nbaS ^tSV otjbb> ^

I ; : • l -; ~ J- : ■ | v t ■ : <- T • -: i-

:n}ri3 siS&rnK rw dvtSn

1 \- t : V vv-:i- • •.■:

Kin -ina n'^i DiSn rtjha-^ t|pv 4?Kh tnjnfife/Ynn fn^y dvi^mh t^« nx

*1 : - : /•■ ■ iv ^ j>* %•: it jv -; j-

nan * cw p# nnbn nh3 $d#

nun wM yy& robn d^sbti pah

iKtfi iriN* ciSn

fiPTO hVyn njrti] rtjhn nnsn pgh

n^n d*jp pg>

D*ipn nisw mpn b^ae^n pBh

: nsn *;»# pgj wv

npsrVx mzi im -linn *wi

1 : - v >t : v iv * y ..•: it jv -:

nta n^tr jn# nsn

: onto r^-^!i brra pp

[nnnx iyi *j# yiw «3$

• at J * t v Jv : ~ vt t - t y- ; • ;

: pxrrnx nynn rfai

J V i t t v \t t t jf • :

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 95

p-Hna *ann ny-n rsaa pita jhfrn jnvxl?i

i : v J- t i-

•A'-: i- < : " v •>-:>- it' - :

V: IT ~- " T T - I ^ T I"

v v: it r' ' : i

« '^.75.,

'aleyka, upon, i.e., concerning thee.

* Potential, "thou canst understand." c Wayyaan, P1J5J.

d bitaday, Not I !

* Ptcp. = facturus sit. So below, bdoth = ventures sunt ; m'maher, festinaturus.

f Higgid, ["3. ° H#.

A /Wrf, PUSH, Inf.; seghol before guttural, as the nearer vowel. Gr. p. 24, b.

k "And upon (i.e., as to) the dream's changing to Par'6 twice ;" JW.

' "Surely (or because) the matter is decreed;" nif. pf. fl3.

§ 23. 77*6 Burning Bush.

t i" v v: iT #* V » T"

96 HEBREW PRIMER.

roDn ™d Bta-naSa \hx rfttv ikb% c*n»i

/>■■■:- I ■» ■ v - - : }t •• jt : I - : - t--

e&a ns?a n^Dn rani anH

•• t a~ v : - v • : :--

e:bsx wx nj&ni

it v, ri •• w : - :

T\V12 1&K51

nn ^nan nam&n-nK nxn^i w/mox

Av - v t - rt : ' - v v : v ; j r t i-% t

trass 'igy-vb wnb

iv : - ;- : • i v -

*niKnf? no *a nin* an»i nitrn ^iwa d^m v^x Snjp?1 : *jan tat*i rra n&to T&*n

•i" • v y- ^-" •/.• v 3-

'dVi anprrta taw

A -: j-J: • - v v-

: am Bhrrfibro i^y nftiy nm -i^k Dipsn *a

1 v|s, " : " t t r- " t - v: —. It- j-

See § 1, d. Haya, with ptcp.; "and M<5she had turned shepherd to the flock . . . and he led the flock ..."

h " To Horeb."

c Shortened from rttfj, § 3, c.

d Ptcp., " was burning."

e Ptcpl. form = bsXti.

f TO.

9 "Why does not the bush catch fire?" Irapf. inceptive; Gr. p. 141, 2. h pf. = plUpf.

* T\'h verb.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 97

Adverb; Gr. p. 113. Verb p.

§ 24.

Mdshe charged to threaten Par 6.

^ : - I- : • v- : • : \1 ■»" •

• : . it j« *.*: t : K" t i t jt : it :

• is : - i- : >•• - v '

I V IT T T ; • V. T I J" •)• ~ " J -. I

• T v • : j- T T - <;■

) • : - v: iv J -. 1- t :

to-™ "msin 'Tttsfa

A- v j I : 1 : - ». -: 1-

it : - v ! • i A- - : ■>" : ' »l : i

tko "133 ni!i iriti ?ny3 p^baa *nn

A ; j" T v.T t T T J" T ■ I <• . I"

'tnilia 'fcifia irn-xS new

• - : * : t ^t T 1 ? 1

: nfinsi <J"Epn rt»n-*-rah

1" - : vr ; it • 1 - I

98 HEBREW PRIMER.

a See § 15, m. • * § 9, b.

c Note the accent.

d " That they may serve, or to serve me ; " Gr. p. 144, 3.

e Ptcp., = missurus sum,, " I am about to send." / Thy heart = thyself; Gr. p. 49, 8.

9 Final conj., "to the end that . . .;" strictly a prep. = on account of . . ., as below ; *i#S '3 would be fuller.

* Impf. of JTV .

* Gr. p. 49, 7.

1 Gr. p. 109, ad. fin. m Qamec for seghol in pause. •" § 22, h.

0 A question ; " Wilt thou still resist my people so as not to dismiss them?" 7/D raise a mound against (in sieges); ptcp. hithpo'el.

p As to ptcps. see § 22, e.

q "At this time;" art. demonstr., Gr. p. 43.

r 'dsher . . . kamdhu, " like which " (that . . . like it), Gr. p. 127, 5, seq.

' Notice the compound prep. = (going back) to (and starting) from the day of its founding; 1D\ inf. nif. with suff. 3 f.

1 Miprayim used as name of the country; therefore the infin. lias a fern, suffix, the construction being according to the sense.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 99

§ 25. Par 6 changes his mind and pursues Yisrael.

nvr\ mi ^ onra to "in

at t v- t j- • - : •

• t j : i-

*nmsflb b&o^-nK unW-*a

i" : t i" v t : * v : j- • i«

D»n-Sy cDtfn orm tow

A " : vt Tit ^ : - v jv t

: rsx Sua *jsb rrvnn W75?

inf?n n5n^ Dhnnx yoi i &*■«£ nam Dnwm Sin^-oi ffto*i

it : v v t: . I- \jss ; ._ . ,._

at : . - j t vt : |- : • -: • : -tJ: | ,-• <•:•-:

• it : • • vt • i : t t j* t

n&& bnstta tSk ttnita n^x tti nr-xSn

• - : • : | <v •• : - • •„• -: t t - jv -;

•A' : • v jt ; "= i- ; *.-.- • /- —

:-en&3 *wnaa Dnsa-m -riy b$ ate ^

it : • v \ • • - : • v j =• T j j-

T T V it

8*

100 HEBREW PRIMER.

it ' - v n : • •)■ i

"jn&rra dmki oaf? dpi*?* nirr

I I • -: r \.;- - : av t J- t • vt :

a V/{

8 "Qtf, inf. constr. with suffix and prefix. c Ptcp. IT1?.

d Collectives; rj iWos'.

' § 20, /. / "3.

9 Mibbeli = from lack; 'eyn strengthens the idea of want: lit., "from the lack of (i.e., consisting in) the want of graves." Translate: "Was it for want of

graves

&1

h Cohortative = purpose. l' "Rather than our dying;" JYlD, inf. constr, 1 Pausal form of ^"ffi. " "To-day."

" See Gr. p. 154, (a), (b). Fuller form in pause.

§ 26.

God's Angel guards His People. They pass the Sea ; and the Pursuer is drowned

in the Waters.

hirM* mnD >J2>S fonn twiWi ^nSd a y&a

•• t : • j" -: i- •• : • I" i- • '•': it |i :

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 101

»opnn«fi ^»i

Av ■•": r " |vv—

: Drnrosa nbsn qtj$b r^yn -way y6»i Sjost mn& pai onxa n:ra i pa airi

•• t : • j- -: - | •• • - : • j" -: r I j- ■> -

nS^n-nN "law ir^nm pyn *m

t :at - V ','«• I v " : It t iV v :-

xthhnha ?\rhx dr\i a-ip-xSi

T : ]T - T V? V $•„• y|T I :

T - - T V iV

t ; - - T t - -c-Jt : t - •/ jt ; I v a-

rmnS D»n-ns* * vm

AT T |T V VT - V V JT~

: DW Wpa»1

• it - v | : it • -

n#a»a d*h irina ^,^-^a ^a»i

|T ; VT • |* T V T • *- - ;

Dhnn« ^a»i bnva «w : D»n ^in-Stf vehM iam nsha did Sa

it - | v v At t it v. : • ' : - a <:

: onto runib rw Dn'^

■ it : • *■■ -: i- ^" t t -

maaa -win vnaaia ;sk nx '-oh

A\" : • si-srtr t : :- |j- ••■: - t-

l?jnfe* *js& " noiix onxa tbk*i

•• t : • «!•• ; • t t • - ; * v j -

! on^a DnS orta nirr *a

• it : • ; vv T /r : " t : j-

D»n-Sy tv-hk hdj n^D-Sx rnrr u&x»i

at - - v I : it v f : v v t : •-•■:-

it t it - : \. : - • - : * " • - - ^t;

102 HEBREW PRIMER.

t i» : I v 1 : • t - t t -

* A tergo eorum, " behind them."

c " But it lit up the night;" TIK, hif. impf.

d ze . . . ze, hie . . . Hie, " the one . . . the other."

e npi; Gr. p. 109, ad fin.

f ^H, hif.

0 Q»gf. "an(j set (2'#e.? made) the sea into dry land."

;' A dextra eorum. Min + yeminam = m,iyyeminam = miminam (one y disappearing because of shewa).

/ D»n. ' 11D, hif. impf.

"And he drove it;" subject and suffix are both collective.

" "I would fain flee!" Gr. p. 143, 2. PCS; " at the turning of dawn," = at daybreak.

;' Ptcp., " were fleeing towards it," i.e., the returning flood.

§ 27.

The Dying Prophet adjures Yisrael to Refuse the Evil,

and Choose the Good.

m*n atmb »^« ^m nwn nwftn *3

A - v|: - : f H jv -: - J' : • - •<

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 103

tain fiffrnrk^ c%p Kin *rtt£fr*&

Kin D*a^n &6

A- • V- T - j

)£> nni-w nb*a&?i ^-rbw *a obxS

t t jv |T • : t : - T - ■; t •; -:i- if

i iv -: i- : vi '■•:-:

Kin d»S "twtn^i

A- w - » >•• •• i :

: nato nnfc iMfcri

t iv -:»- ; vt J" ' i " :

ixb wn tSk shp-^

A : w t - | jv •• /|t c-

i -:r >.) : it : . I >• :

nitsn-nxi D»nn-n*t Di»n spkb wo nxn

A - v : v - r v - | v t : • <- i •• :

ijwrwi nian-nxi

r itt v ; »%r " *•" :

Di*n ^v? *piu ^ vrna ^roSS thSk nwn« ^nnn^S

t t : • v-iv t I v v: *t : v t -: i- :

WDfiBto vnsrn vnto Tb&6i

Ati:- vT I ••. vi i : • :

thSk nirr ma n*im An"m

( v v: Jt : | : iM t * t : t j* t :

'iPiriBhS *ns^-Ni nnN-^N pita

it : • : t vt t /t - v ": I " t t

jwn a6i ?pnS n^-D^i

'*': " J : v) : it : /■„•:' • :

*tt nhK *3 Di»n oaf? w 'man

i v t j- - vi :«- ■

t t -: IT - • T I <\ • -• I- I

■tm&b r\m NinS pn»n-n« nn'y nm i&k

it ; • : t vt ./ t | .. ; — v *• * ^t - v -:

pan-nan d w'n-nK Bi»n Ma '; Triyn

| V T T V : -J- I - V - JV I • T I-

it : — :i- v- •• -: j- i" t $• -■ i- : i- :

104 HEBREW PRIMER.

rhhpri) rttian vieb wo hisni D^nn : ^-m nm rvnn jyk1? D"n;n ? rrra

fl Pi. ptcp., nw.

* Nif. ptcp. f.. contraction of T\k?Q. " It is hard above thee," == too hard for thee ; Gr. p. 137, 1.

d " So as to say," = that thou shouldst say. meeber lay yam, lit., kv tcd iripav rrj OaXacrcrf) =■ beyond the sea. / " For the doing it," = that thou mayest do it. 9 Infs. constr. 2uK, "pi"!.

h " That thou mayst live."

k Ptcp., " art going."

i g^v « ["&

" § 11, n.

0 Emphatic repetition of stem, a device akin to re- duplication. " Ye shall surely perish." Notice the pausal tobedun = T\3$F\.

i' Hif. nty.

q Waw conv., " So choose thou life!"

§ 28. Battle of Bethhoron.

" The sun, the moon stood still in their sphere ; In the blaze of thine arrows they vanished."

v -: i- i- v - <\ : u | : • : J . . -

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 10 &

-fah h rbahsn

t jt ; • •

tfmn hb *nsPBhrn rrinD o^ rfa?

.• : t : T t <• : t •• : j- •• «•• -:

: inn ^ ntoei ^Sfc-^a ^^« wapD *a /j^nn ntaa Sbi iay n^nSan carta son

» it v /•• v : • t t ; • - ^- t : <

ysrur-Sx nirv naan

- \ : v ■st : v

A- - : I :it : /■ v •• jt •

J iv t ; v.? •• j- ; -: i- i

Dans ysriir ditSk &b»i

A : • -v\ : jv •• -: i t-

it : • - ) ' vr t t : - - t

•• t; • j<r; • t : *•• •■. : -

froriYa rh$p tt^n ti&r?)_ tmpBr-nn nprsny d^i

it|- - - : |vt« -: - >. --

pirrrvs musa ° Dn banfe^ ^sa i DDiaa w

I •• «- : •• •• t : • j- : • jt : • J-

np.srw DW'n-p mbli nonx on^y tWd fiim

|vT .. r: "= . 3. T - I • i : • t -: v •• -: | j- : • t i-

A-.T"

TT|n 55«| ' ffi&np$ D»5i

/trim Wit^ ^5 wti news

v it v v t : • j- : § : it jv —. i"

nirrS i?B>irv r"fcT tk

t i - *= \ : v - : jt

Ski&j" »aa <»jfife nbxn-nx rfirp *nn ova

A" t : • j- : v

106 HEBREW PRIMES.

•• t : • i" " : "•• J-

I it - | v v : - vr:

t : i \t • - t t -j-t: v ... -

own ntna mwr\ nbyn

• - t - j- -: i- v ... - < -: i--

:dwi yDva tfnS 'rfcrxSi

r t t : s. t ) >t i :

t -: i- : jt t : - « - t t

ctk Spa nirr ybjrS thtr&h nrbi rrirv »a

I- t : • : vt : • t j-

' **; Gr. p. 65.

* Accus. ending to mark whither.

c Hif. jussive of HS'T

d V/S, hif. precative (imperat.).

e *h%

f Notice the vowels (7*n army; 3*Tl sword).

3 The vowels imply the sing., the consonants the pi. ; Gr. p. 14, note 4, seq.

h See § 26, k.

1 |"3 and Tvh; Gr. p. 109, ad Jin.

'" Adverbial accus. of manner (cf. servit servituten/, etc.).

" Accus. of limitation; Gr. p. 132, 3; "By way of the ascent."

0 " And it happened, in their flight from Yisra'el, they were on the descent of Beth-horon," etc.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 107

v Pf. with middle E, T\)!2.

q Rabbim . . . measher, = " more than those whom ;" Gr. p. 137.

' Impf. inceptive, which TX usually takes. "Then began to speak."

s J*}; Gr. p. 110.

* " To put before one," = to give into one's power.

"' |"S. "iy = "«ftp9 until that . . .

* pK.

y " At perfect day," = when day was complete.

z " And it happened not, as on that day, before it or since, that Yahwe should hearken to voice of man "...

Note. — The sentences, 'Az yedabber . . . wayydmer le'eyney YisraSl, are like Ex. xv. 1, and Ps. xviii. 1. They serve to introduce a poem, or a citation from a poem. The style of what follows is poetical, and the " Book of the Upright " (probably a collection of sacred lyrics) is named as its source.

§ 29.

tfeaven and Earth must pass, but the Divine Deliverance shall endure.

The Prophet recalls the Passage of the Red Sea : so will Yahwe again save His People.

108 HEBREW PRIMER.

A- -: i- j- •• v :

*Nin »MKfi rnin *3

UPIT8 D^y tin1? ^##61 ^» are* »jto nnp

A : • J- - \." :

*trbn» wt-^i

I I •• - : V : v :

- - • | Vii t v «• - :

rfe&a rates evS#->3

T : • )<T T IV • - T |"

rb}n ijga pan] rrnn D^iyS VariBft

v : i" jt : • T i

it " ; v | t : • :

at • : j. t i v-

IT " • VT \ ' *

t J" : i vv - <•

DD dS:>^ "TfiSCDI

at a" : i 1 <•:■ - :

rrnn D^iyS Viirnn

v : r jt * : • Jt : • :

j : v t i

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 109

nibfa nffn did * »m nw

- v- ... j- - ,- - i- : - J -.

x pan M nSSin& & nrnnsri frrrfiK xiSn

v j . -: i- - • ; - <; -:

AT " J : v

i I- - -: i- t T -

r * -si- I W;

nins ji*v ^ fd^ niir o>T!^i

AT v.t <* y- : •

ep^ r\rit±r\ \w : Pimai rim ^j jid3

it t ■: i- I y t vr

*DaDPti& Win *aiM *r&*

A" : v I" : v. j)- it j- ir

•n^ ^nd wwi rir>§n&

I I" T • ;• T kT T I V •

iffi njn* n'yjn)

J ... , j.. . - T JV

t • t •• - : -

yytpn n&n bsp

A- : - : K- t" —. i-

ijara&n nan nw

nnanS ny* nna

110 HEBREW PRIMER.

- - - j t i :

:ianS idpp xSl thSk nirr *aaw

| v W Jt : • it :

^ " v v:iv- t - ^J-

:i£# nixn* nirv

i : v t : /t :

" DK1?, like pfaj, Gr. p. 62.

b V'S. e mp.

rf 7fT, pi., pausal form. e |"S.

f hen, "gnat;" cf. D33, Part L, Ex. 8, 13. 9 Win, nif. impf.

;' " The people in whose heart is my law." * " As in the days of old." Gr. p. 132 (6).

1 Hif. ptcp. ivn. m Po'ei ptcp. hhn.

" § 26, g ; ptcp., here: "that made the deeps of the sea a path for the passage of the rescued."

0 Pass. ptcp. qal of mS.

p DID; pf. of future certainty, Gr. p. 140, 3.

q Pi. ptcp. of Dill

r " Who art thou that thou fearedst."

s "Mortal man;" Gr. p. 142, note ad init.

1 A relative clause; "grass he is made" = who is, etc " Hif. ptcp. of p».

w "When he had resolved to destroy;" pl3. x Ptcp.; Gr. p. 146, 3.

J

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. Ill

§ 30. The Pious Exile trusts in his People's God.

A- t |V v - .* jt v j t i •

: my xii' * rxD mrr nya my

at : r •• -:vv

»' \h\ uarib nn

1" t :

rfirv

A" : 1 rr :

t^T& tfT-Sy ^i rrirv

I T »• I V A' " T

T ; IT - ~ /••T.*:

|T ^ - ; T - ..

* "A song for the up-goings," i.e., of the pilgrim caravans from the lowlands of Babylonia to Jerusalem.

112 HEBREW PRIMER.

b "Whence?"

c " To the stumble ; " verbal noun.

«■ Sv, Segh. L, Gr. p. 60.

" On the hand of thy right" = on thy right hand.

/ Hif. impf. H33. with suff. (yakkekka == yakkanka = yankanka = yahankanka ; thus the second nun is not epenthetic, but belongs to the verb- ending).

9 With article, as in § 28.

h Infs. constr. used as nouns ; V/S.

§ 31. " Let all the Earth bless the Lord-'

: pan -^3 hin^ ■ tynn

| V |T T T T " W »• T

at : • : jt : V j : •

itt : • tt; j

/• v; V t ~ ;

ttma iexSi wfc^ *on

: at -: J : t n j

:imn£ t*&l ^ rniro i p»e> ^3

t t t : <

/,t • : • ^r i •• —

: totf 1313 & * nin

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 113

A: - .it * : t a j i-

I T I V; T 3 - :

' jm, hif. masc. pi., because kol-haarec implies "all

311."

* PT. c Read Sb. d Hif. STT.

men."

§ 32.

A Prayer for the Light of God's Countenance

■ /••- ; i-

ttJW »U3n* D*rfot

A" -: it • /•• t : • v:

: hSd «nx na c to tott paa <<nsnS

Iav : - 1 vjt t - a-r

:d{?3 D^y T|VTi;

A • i- - j : • i-

: piSd r» Dmn p»3 i twkta

t iv a" : - | v w t • \ :

A- ••" /• - I j

nSia1 An^n3 p«

at : ir : it | ... v.

114 HEBREW PRIMER.

,.. „: ,. ... .. .. IT .

A" ••': ;" -: ii :

it .. : - t j : i • :

fl Look out HW, PtfJO, and TI&T&. " For the Leader of the strings : a lyric song." (The 3, as in 3 '£^?, means " over.")

c § 26, c; here jussive : the other impfs. are similar. d » ]?or knowing," = that men may know.

e § 31, c. " May the peoples thank thee . . . may they rejoice when thou judgest . . . !"

f " Straightness, rectitude ; " adv. accus.

9 nni hif. * Pf. of certain future.

T T 7

Last verse = 1, 2. " God will bless us, that all Earth's ends may fear Him ! "

§ 33. The Wonders of the Exodus.

trfb Dgo spsr n*3 iBhpb nnnn* *rovn

A :|t : Jr : jt : it

AT- T TV JT"

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 115

d^*o nn onnn Dun *3 eD»n srWia

at j- t-v a):

d^kd ncnn/onnn

A- " : j| : : • • r -n.

p« »^n rnx *aefeb

I vat "J I tv a- : • •

tabsp niSx ^sbb

I , -: 1- - J v: •• : • •

•at - -: -v J- : 1 -

• it : : - : . t -

a *tt\ inf.

* " Yehuda became his sanctuary." ff Pausal form.

* 3HD. "The Yarden swirled backward;" impf. inceptive, Gr. p. 141, 1.

e Vocative, Gr. p. 126, ad init.

f Relative clause ; " ye mountains, that leap," etc.

9 Ptcp. qal of ^SH, with ancient case-ending *— ; Gr. p. 52.

h Accus. of result.

4 Equals yyip; constr. with old ending; Gr. p. 52.

9*

116 HEBREW PRIMER.

§ 34. David in Trouble recalls a former Deliverance.

j 133 D#BbK i ^sa iiinni annS nto

i ; t ; - v : • : t : A* t : Jj T

nx *«rmo nirr

AT T J * T t :v

: ^y c D*ap d«ii

r : - : v- : i • -

T |V I" T T i : I J"

/Hift pa nirr nnxi

A--: i" U"t t :v. jt - :

AT|: •• Jt : v • |v

T IV J ;|t V- •• • •• -: I- -

• A I" "•: t;i -it • : - t j- -;

at *:!■■• t -v. i

j ^y p w md nsste

it T jt • T jv -;

■•": • v • i t : ^t I

* Ay i" : i t v t j- • r

t : i- • a. t v •

•TOB^n nin£>

at : - vt »i-

a h of authorship. * JTy.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 117

Dip, ptcp. Rabbim is predicate ; " many are they who rise upon (i.e., against) me."

d Eeally an old accus. form of 7WW\, but used as nominative.

Notice the euphonic dagh., Gr. p. 23, 3.

/ "W!l, prep. ' Hif. ptcp. DV).

h « jy[y voice . . . unto Yah we I cry ;" a change of construction (anacoluthori) : or qoli may be accus. mod. Gr. p. 132, c.

1 " And he answered me." These two clauses, and the next verse, refer, I think, to some past peril. The impf. 'eqrd is explained by Gr. p. 141, 1.

' Gr. p. 129 (ii.)

m " And I slept soundly ;" cohortative form, marking intensity, earnestness, etc., of an act.

" pp, hif. • See Gr. p. 141, 1.

p fV$, sc. riinip; "set, or marshal the array."

r j//^ "Thou smotest all my foes on the cheek;" Gr. p. 134.

' " Yahwe hath the victory !

On thy people be thy blessing!"

§ 35. The Good Shepherd.

•rrb nto non« th Bnri nirv

.*t : v j • /r

118 HEBREW PRIMER.

wan; Wft s.ni«33

•A" ■ :- •• -A J -: ■

A" : >• ; -

jn xtn-kS ntf/w ana •alxr*i /;dh

itt : j-

»n *p^i wrr wi nib i tin

At - J" : t • : :*v v jv t < | <-

Ft I v i : t : p- • /■ : - •

a Ptcp. fiyi, with suff. 1 pers.

* Only in pi. constr. (HJO would be the abs. sing.)

c Gr. p. 129 (ii.). d Pi. of Sri}; Dill

e Pilelof 310. ' / § 32, ^.

' " For the sake of . . ."

h " Even if I walk ..." * Gr. p. 1 25 (a).

1 " My cup is overflow, <?r fulness."

m nn^, inf. of IST; "and my dwelling (is) . . ." The original vowel (a) is thus somewhat unusually pre- served, hireq being the common sound. Perhaps yod has fallen out, and 'tttfjfy should be read.

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 119

§ 36.

A Triumphal Ode, on the Entry of the Ark into Jerusalem.

j : • • t :

fitftei rnxn nirrb

at : | Vil t t -\

a.m 'iKh bin

|r .. . j .

at x : a- - - «. i-

*jnttfr nnnrSyi

t iv : i : t ; - :

at : " : r- -■<-

ti?np Dij?£? mp; *pi

A^ : - :jt - jt t i *v -:

it : • : w jr i, • v> :

nin* hmd rtra Ntr

At : J- •• t t :v ar

. • j- •;: i» Jt t :

nvrh in ni

at : i -i T\

:hSd *apsp tjs •Bteb

v •• it • t : < :

at ' j" : • : it • :>.

•roan to 'npo

120 HEBREW PRIMER.

Itetfi TO nirv iTterfaz ilaa riirr

IT T : • J • T

it • t : < :

nSiy *nns ^bn

it- | v jv t :

ninin TtSa Fit "wn *o

IV J T

a Gr. p. 135 (i.).

b " Did He make her fast!" Gr. p. 141, 1.

c " Who may ascend ?" rf Gr. p. 135, ad »»<?</.

e "Who hath not lifted up his soul (his desire) to knavery;" to lift the soul to . . . — to long or hanker after . . . {iiafshd, not nafshi, is right).

/ " A reward, or recompense."

9 Defective for YVTpl his seekers. " Of such a kind (lit., this is the kind) are those who seek him."

h Prob. "rfetf is omitted ; " 0 God of Ya aqob."

4 |"3.

' ze strengthens mi? = ti? irore ; " who is . . . ?" m Gr. p. 124, ad init.

§ 37. The Might of Yahwe shown in the Storm.

-\rh -libra

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 121

A- •• i" : t -v j t

:#) -ma riirvS on w Tfla mrvS inn

A : a : t -* a t

r0hprcrnrra riirvS v.rwn tiri&yhs riin" Sip

■/- - - t : \,

dwi tq3StSk

A- : • v t -

:D*n d'D-Sj? rim* dn2i nin^p

- A - /r : |i

:TH3 riirv Sip

IT T IV T : \i

D*na e *ti& mrv Sip

A" t-: j- T ^ | j

: tmSn »?-iN-nK riirv * ia#*i

I i t ; - ;~ : - v t : j- - :-

Sjsrto dtpti

vA" : /" J • :--

:#« rrnrfe c^n mir-Sip

i" j -. r •• ;t : 1 1

•nana W nw Sip

.trip nana riirv Stp

nw 'M?n»i niS*K /SSirv i riirv Sip

: -ins ta< iSi ' iS:rmi

it '" \ At i" :

n&r * S12&S * nirv

AT T J " - T A

;nSiyS ^|Sg riiiv agg

P i&y? fy riirv

: mS^'9 isr^ "spa* i riin*

122 HEBREW PRIMER.

a an\

■ T

1 Prob. = beney haelohim, § 9, a. See Gr. p. 131, 5.

c " In holy array," i.e., festal robes (hadara = adorn- ment).

d " The voice of Yahwe (is) in power," = is powerful, mighty. Notice this form of the predicate. So behadar.

6 Gr. p. 146., 3, 150 (b). A habitual fact is marked in each case.

f Pilel of TlH. '* The voice of Yahw& maketh hinds to travail."

9 " And in his palace they all shout, Glory ! " Or more simply; "They all say (i.e., ascribe) glory" Cf. v. 1.

h See Gr. p. 146, 2, for this verse.

k 7 = at, point of time ; more commonly 5-

§ 38. God the Guardian of the Holy City.

Tin rcna «fe dt&k

^t iv -: i- t\. a* v:

tifcb tte&3 nnxn mis?

AT !• t ; t -^ |j..

l» - J" : • t , :

at j : : v j vsiv

jpiSd <*iro$a onmBtyT

t p.- a t -; i- : v t "s : •

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 123

A* v: • v : - i: t t : t t

|v i > : • • v: t /v: ; -

rtohbb «± D*to *&n way nto* mir

A' • J t : JT

tnSo absr \nSx i# nato

t iv | j -:i- j" v: t ,/t :

nirr ni^sb h nrn jdS

AT : J -: : • -:v i ■:

:pK3 nw DJr-iBte

| V |T T J - VT V —

pxn njfjrng ntorta iva#& nyg j^tpi iWt n^jj

A- v; J. It • : v j : -

:pK3 bnK tifafi mix

| V IT T ./ T • ^ T

tibg nixn* nirr

A» • J t : iT :

:nSo sbxr *r6x uf? nn^

iv Ij-:i- v v: t vt

"For the sons of Qorah. After (the voice of) damsels," i.e., for soprani or trebles.

h TttX " And when mountains totter (and fall) into the heart of the seas."

0 His, i.e., the ocean's, implied in yammim.

124 HEBREW PRIMER.

' " A river (there is) whose streams delight the city of God."

/ § 26, o.

9 Inceptive; "earth began to melt." The verbs in this verse refer to a special deliverance.

h n,n.

T T

k Hif. imperat. PlST; "drop (your hands)!" «'.«., Be still, yield !

§ 39. Rest for all in the Grave.

•at : • • J :| • - -v

| |T A- • - T

dwk"! rf%J503^ nfif? n&S/ninn 'Mia

it j t t: v

ftV T lit ■ T% • J

: spa Drvns * D^nbn

I v it xi -it y : -. I i"

Hi : iv J I »* • J- : «

: nix l Wrtih D^Vyi)

i jt i • : »7 :

&

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT 125

••"A :ir • T a IT

: nb " w m my w)

°ttJX0 Dn»DN TIT

at -:it j- • -: -^

Kin d^ b™

A iT T :v

t :<. I j

* Inceptive past; Gr. p. 141, 1.

* "(Why) came I not forth of the womb to die?" c " When I began to suck." OJJ.

d " I had (= should have) lain down, and should be resting : I had slept ; then were there repose for me ! " Notice the states of the verb; Gr. p. 159, line 3.

e Ptcp. im

f Wastes, i.e., ruinous tombs.

9 Relative clause; "who have gold."

/( Pi. ptcp.; notice double absence of daghesh, and double accus. after verb of filling.

,c Part of the apodosis : " I should not exist."

1 Relative clause.

Pf. and impf., both mark habit.

3TJJ, verbal adjective; "wearied of (in) strength."'

"Are easeful, at peace;" pilel (no qal).

* Adjective.

126 HEBREW PRIMER.

§ 40.

A Vision.

AT\ : AT T " " *.

n^S riWnnb • d wa

t :At a : v I" . »

rrm d<onrp ins

: -rnsn Titos? ihi

e*brv ^srSy nm

nana /^Ik'kS] i "ibsr

at •• «jv : t :<.

ejyjg^« Sip) h$tt

| at : • "J ••': i" v. v

| a- -si- ■■ t t -: ,- |a»

|T T; |T J' T T T :

vrw nsya ntf«

AT ^T T |V JV .

: Bto-uaf? M Mtarii

it ■• : • i

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 127

"vo» n-iyS ipsa : raft nxb ° wm h$b

a Gr. p. 141, 1. * mi2 of it.

' "In thoughts." epD = divide; &]tfD a doubter, sceptic. |V}H dream.

d " Met, befel me."

6 Inceptives; Gr. p. 141, 1.

/ j"S; "I could not discern its form."

9 Interrog. particle, Gr. p. 112, note. "Can mortal man be more just than 'Eloah?"

h tohola, folly, sin : only here. " And on his angels he fasteneth folly."

* 'af = 'af hi = much more.

1 "Whose foundation is in the dust."

" They crush them " (impers. = they are crushed).

" Hof. impf. nns.

"Without heed, no man heeding;" with mesim supply leb ; = one who sets his heart or thought to a thing.

§ 41.

The Unseen World, Earth, Sea, and Sky, controlled of God.

ar\h-tbh jrrorno

T U-J T

128 HEBREW PRIMER.

*naan vbh my-*-n&

At : t j : t : - 1\

: wrtn c ahS n»Bfcini

t : it it t • i :

<m^>j& man win

I A- • t :a- • .v

i\ki • jt : it - : • :

at : j- t : ,T

j trroafeh d»S nnna

iv ■• ; i : • - - r •

A : v j : i t

iinh-Sy |isx ' n&i

A / tv aw

vaya d*2t*tw

at t : •/- "i

: Dfinn py * jmrt^i

it ; - |jt t r Jv.- : • i :

D^-^s-Sy 'in bh

•at •• : * TV. | ^

:^n-Dy nix n^irny

at : -a- t j-

i t-: i- • : : - :

o*n jm inba

at - ^j- T :v.

: am m& imanaS

- it I " -" t •.. : •

rnssr d w ° wna

AT : • •■!" t id

* : ma &m rr ' nSVn

- |- t jt i r ./t : i

5ara Tiiip i nW»n

t T : I : v v I v

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 129

: atari* *Jb irhdi Djni

I it ; • j- t i : - i-:

'' lo-kdah = powerlessness ; arid so /o-'os. " How hast thou helped the powtrless, succoured the arm of the defenceless!"

* lo-hokma = unwisdom. " How hast thou warned unwisdom ! "

c larob, plenteously.

i

d Gr. p. 55, note; pi. of rfpp. " "Whose breath?"

/ Pulal Tin writhe, shudder. " The dead shudder, Below the waters and the dwellers therein." i.e., they tremble before God.

9 " He spreadeth the north (sky) above the void (of space)."

* " He bindeth, prisoneth."

* Pf. of habit: "the clouds burst not beneath them." 1 ^H. " A boundary hath he drawn upon the waters,

(reaching) to the limit (extremity) of light and darkness." '" tifn are stricken, tremble.

" nan.

T

0 " By his breath (or breeze) the skies are beauty."

' Ptcp. Mri.

1 "The flying serpent;" perhaps an ancient name personifying storm. So Rahab may be the sea as a proud and violent power.

Ends = mere glimpses of his ways.

10

130 HEBREW PRIMER.

' " What a mere whisper is heard of him !

And the thunder of his glorious deeds who can perceive?"

§ 42. The Praise of Wisdom.

A" t • I -J- • t : t - x

it • li : • r* :

:D'»nn rwa trean *&i

r - i- | '.v.' : •■ t • / :

!• t • I J" " T /t :

tsik arm rtan kS

A' ViV : v ■.. :v j

I- - ; |^TT - v :

A- : t tv. t Jv : - i- i

it • ; JT T i ;

■or xS 'Bta^ /rton

A" » • ■■ - T * J T

A - : • t v : - -v i

: n^Dn xS linti dtp?

READINGS FROM THE OLD TESTAMENT. 131

xinn ma naanrn

A T !• j- •• t : t - •«

: n^a bipa rii \xi

: rnnp:i n*mr\ t|ij»i nax niffli iton

A : IT V I TV | J - -.

: PTW UW «»JtK3

it : ■ : j- t ••: t .

nan pan d^Sk : naipa-nK p* wrii

it | : r J-r

*tD^ pNn-nTCpS *ama

A- - | VJT t |: • v •

j pint trfiHfrr^a nnn

iV : • • a- t - t - y-

|at : • -it l -: ,-

j maa pn d»w

it - \r •

| A jt t - j -: r

: niSip l nnf? yfvi

AT : - ; - t iv jt

m : mpn-DJi nion

it|t -: - : t v;

T T |T •„* *~

norin kti *rw n«T p : nya pa * niw

a Vy 26, where? h }r0.

c Perhaps TOD 1T\\ shut (i.e., treasured, precious)

gold.

J " As its purchase."

10*

132 HEBREW PRIMER.

6 Something " pure," z.e., glass, or crystal. " Gold equals it not, nor crystal ; nor is a golden vessel its exchange."

/ Ramoth, coral (?); perhaps from DT"1, to be high, and therefore tree-like. According to Lam. iv. 7, D^PIB are red; and the word may mean red coral; cf. Arab. /ana//"", branch; fannd", tree with long or many branches.

9 Gabislu crystal (gabash = congeal).

h Pitda, perhaps topaz. * J"£.

/ " Arrow," and so lightning (Arab, hazza, to pierce).

m "Marked it out." " Gr. p. 152, a.

PART III.

A COLLECTION OF PIECES FOR COMPOSITION

WITH NOTES.

PART III.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION.

I. A Prayer.

Lord of all worlds, not on account of1 our own righteous deeds 2 do we lay 3 our supplications before thee, but on account of thy manifold tender-mercies. What4 are we? What is our life? What our goodness? What are our righteous deeds? What is our help? What our strength? W^hat our courage? What can we say in thy presence, 0 Lord our God, and our fathers' God? Are not all the mighty as nought before thee, and famous5 men as though6 they had not been, and the wise as without 7 knowledge, and the shrewd 8 as without understanding? For most of their doings are empty.9 and the days of their life are vanity before

s Hif. of hsi. T	2 Pi. of npny.
* Gr. p. 44, notes 1 2.	5 Gr. p. 129 (ii.).
6 nh iKto.
7 >l??3.	8 Nif. ptcp. of p|

See Part II., § 1, line 2.

136 HEBREW PRIMER.

thee; and man's excellence over10 cattle is nought;11 for all things are vanity.11

10

fp. " Pausal forms.

II.

A Thanksgiving.

Were our mouth x full 2 of song as the sea, And our tongue with shouting as the roar of its billows ; And our lips with praise,3 as the spaces 4 of the firma- ment ; And our eyes flashing, like the sun and the moon ; And our hands outspread like the eagles of heaven ; And our feet swift as the hinds;

We could not thank 5 thee enough, 0 Lord our God, and our fathers' God ! nor bless thy name, for 6 one in a thousand of the thousand of thousands of thousands and the myriads of myriads, in number, of the benefits 7 which thou hast bestowed8 upon our fathers and upon us. Out of Egypt thou ransomedst us, 0 Lord our God,

1 Gr. p. 66, ad init. 2 Gr. p. 133 (b).

nn&>, rabb. 4 ni™.

We suffice not for thanking ; |Htf, with ptcp; hif. pSD.

by. 7 niniD.

Say, hast done until (D57);

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 137

and from the house of bondage9 thou didst redeem us; in famine thou feddest us, and in plenty thou main- tainedst 10 us ; from the sword thou didst rescue us, and from plague thou didst deliver us; and from sore and stubborn n sicknesses thou didst set 12 us free. Hitherto thy tender-mercies 13 have holpen us, and thy kindnesses have not forsaken us ; and thou wilt never cast us off, 0 Lord our God.

9 House of slaves. 10 7373.

11 fOgJ firm. 12 rb% pi.

13 D^pPH == ra (TirXayyva, viscera, as the seat of pity.

III. A Hymn.

Extolled * be the living 2 God, and all-praised 3 be He ! He is,4 and His being 5 :s unbounded by time ! He is one, and there is no oneness like His;6 Incomprehensible,7 and His unity 8 is endless !

1 \r\l. 2 Gr. p. 130, 1.

3 Hithpa. rnK* ; rabb. 4 Say, is found.

5 rfiX*¥£ ; rabb. Say, and there is no time to his being.

6 One (TIT) like his oneness (TIT) ; rabb.

7 Hidden = nif. ptcp. UTjf.

8 nnnX; rabb.

138 HEBREW PRIMER.

He hath neither material9 likeness nor substance;10

He was before u every created thing ;

The first, without beginning to His beginning !

Lo, He is Lord of the world ;

To all creation 12 He sheweth 13 His greatness and His

sovereignty. The inspiration14 of His prophecy He gave to His

peculiar 15 and glorious ones. There hath never yet risen in Israel one like Moses, A prophet, and beholder of His form ! 16 A true law God gave His people, By 17 His prophet, the faithful one of His house : God will never alter nor change His edict18 for another!19 He watches and knows our secret20 thoughts; He beholds the end of a matter at its outset.21 He requites (to) a man with kindness according to his

doing; He gives the wicked woe according to his wickedness. He will send our Christ at the end of days,

9 Likeness of body (Sp3, rabb.).

10 And he is not body. " pD"Tj5.

12 Every moulded thing. 13 Hif. impf. TVC.

14 VW', rabb. use.

15 The men of his property and splendour (n?3D and

rnxsrt).

16 HJ'IfiFl. 17 Upon the hand of. . .\

18 rn, late word in Old Testament.

19 For besides it (Jl/^T, with suffix).

80 nno. 21 rtinp.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 139

To redeem those who hope for His final deliverance The dead will God revive in His great mercy : Blessed unto everlasting M be His lauded M name !

22 The end of his deliverance.

23 ny-ny. 24 Cf. 22.

21

IV.

The Song of Zacharias.

Blessed be the Lord,1 God of Israel,

For He hath visited and wrought ransom2 for His

people ; And raised a horn of salvation for us, In the house of David His servant, (As He spake by the mouth of His holy prophets, Which have been since 3 the world began ;) Salvation from our enemies, And from the hand of all who hate us : To shew kindness 4 to our fathers, And to remember His holy covenant : The oath which He sware to our father Abraham,

1 Kvpio? = nvr_.

2 Made a ransom = T\T]^ H^J.

3 Who from everlasting they.

* Inf. constr. with ? ; to shew kindness to = Hbx?

140 HEBREW PRIMER.

That He would give 5 us,

That, we, being delivered out of the hand of our enemies,

Might serve Him without fear,

In holiness and righteousness before Him

All the days of our life.

And thou, child, — prophet of the Highest shalt thou be

called, For thou shalt go before the Lord to prepare His ways. To give knowledge of salvation to His people Through forgiveness of their sins, By the tender mercy of our God. Whereby the dayspring from on high hath visited us; To give light to them that sit in darkness and the

shadow of death, And to guide our feet into the way of peace.

6 Inf. constr. with 7.

V.

The Temptation.

Now Jesus, full of the Holy Ghost, turned back from

the Jordan. And he was led in the spirit into the wilderness l for

forty days, being tempted by the devil.4

Accusative; see Gr. pp. 132 (b), 138, 4, 5. |tp^n the fiend or foe.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 141

And he ate nothing 2 in those days ; and when they were completed,3 afterwards he became hungry.

And the devil 4 said to him, If thou art Son of God, command this stone5 to become6 bread.

And Jesus answered him, saying, It is written, that man shall not live on bread alone,7 but on every utterance 8 of Yah we.

And the devil led him up into a high mountain, and shewed him all the kingdoms of the world in a point9 of time.

And the devil said to him,

To thee will I give all this lordship,10 and their glory;

Because to me it hath been delivered,

And to whomsoever n I will I give it.

Thou, then, if thou fall down before me, —

All12 shall be thine.

And Jesus answered and said to him,

Get thee13 behind me, Satan, for it is written,

2 Did not eat anything, nftW£.

3 3, with inf. constr. of rH3, and suff. ; Gr. p. 152 (d).

5 Say to this stone.

6 Weak waw with jussive; Gr. p. 144, 3, and note 2.

7 ill? = in its separation.

8 "IT *S NX1D, 9 &)$?, rabbinic use.

10 JlttW (cf. sultan).

11 'V*h- 12 Say, all of them.

13 1 £•

142 HEBREW PRIMER.

Yahwe thy God shalt thou fear, And him shalt thou serve alone.

And he brought him14 to Jerusalem, and made him

stand upon the tower 15 of the temple, And said unto him, If thou art the Son of God, throw thyself16 hence

downwards. For it is written, His angels he will charge for thee, to

keep thee; And upon hands they will bear thee, Lest thou dash on a stone thy foot. And Jesus answered and said to him, It has been said, Thou shalt not tempt Yahwe thy God.

And when he had finished every temptation, The devil departed from him 17 until a fitting time.

14 Made him go, hif.

PljIS a mural tower, stans in praecipiti.

7SJ, hithpa. 17 Say, ceased from him.

15 16

VI.

From the Qurdn (1).

Lo, they who believe, and work righteousness, For them there are gardens of delight;1 Always shall they abide in them :

i n*

cms* nm

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 143

God's promise 2 is sure,

For he is the almighty,3 all-wise.

He framed the heavens without pillars that ye see,4

And he cast upon the earth mountain heights,

Lest 5 she should rock with you.

And he spread upon her some of all creatures.

Also we sent down from heaven water,

And caused to spring up6 thereon of every noble kind.7

This was God's creation ;

And show ye me what those beneath him8 have created

Truly the godless are in plain error ! 9

T T ~ " **

And their pillars are not seen. 5 DID; Psa. xciii. 1. 6 H&¥, hif.

7 Every good plant after its kind ; Part II., § 3, n.

8 Less than He. 9 lfcp DWD.

4

VII.

From the Quran (2).

See ye not that God turneth darkness into light, And turneth light into darkness? And made the sun and the moon do service? Each l runneth to an appointed goal.2

1 Cf. Psa. xix. 6, 7. a fDJ bttf.

144 HEBREW PRIMER.

And lo ! God knoweth whate'er ye do.

This, because God is the truth,

And because that which ye invoke beneath him is

nought, And because God is most high, all-powerful!

See ye not that the ships run3 along the sea by God's

favour, To show you of his signs?

And when the wave like shrouds 4 hath covered them, They call5 on God, showing him pure devotion;6 But when he hath brought them safe to shore,7 Some of them halt between two opinions.8 Yet no man denieth 9 our signs, Save every treacherous ingrate.1

10

Mankind, fear your Lord,

And dread the day when father shall not atone for son,

nor son for father, at all ! Lo, God's promise is true.

3 Psa. civ. 26 ; "pPl, pi. impf.

4 Psa. civ. 6; B^D1?!.

6 Cf. Psa. cvii. 28; "h$ pyx.

6 Worshipping purely.

7 Psa. cvii. 30 ; led them to the haven (Tin&) of their desire.

8 D^Vtpn qsipMtf np3, 1 Ki. xvii. 21.

9 i*D* = charge with falsity .

10 HTID B3W m

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 14

a

12

Therefore, let not the world n beguile you,1 And let not the Guileful beguile you as to God!

Lo, with God is the knowledge of that hour,13

And he sendeth down the rain,

And he knows what lieth in the womb.

And no soul foreseeth what it will gain to-morrow,

And no soul foreseeth in what land it will die :

Lo, God knoweth, is aware!14

11 i?nft DTlfi men of the world; Psa. xvii. 14.

12 D?^ vW'rW (KBty, Isa. xxxvi. 14.

13 That day, i.e., the judgment.

14 rao.

VIII.

From the Quran (3). — Muhammad's Paradise.

Verily we have prepared for the unbelievers chains,1 and

yokes,2 anjl blazing fire ! But the righteous shall drink of a cup whereof3 the

mixture shall be camphor, The fount whereof the servants of God shall drink,4 They shall make it flow 6 in sluices 5 everywhere.

1 a-fpt. 2 ntpto. .

3 n? nga ^p». 4 anp.

5 nSyn. G tj, hif.

li

146 HEBREW PRIMER.

For they fulfil the vow,

And they fear the day whose evil shall be swift:7

And they feed 8 the needy, and the fatherless, and the

bondman, with food, For the love of Him.

" We feed you only for God's sake, We want not from you 9 return or thanks.10 Yerily n we fear from our Lord a Day of Gloom, of calamity!"

12

Therefore God will keep them from the evil of that day, And will cast 13 upon them bright looks and gladness. And He will requite 14 them in that they were patient, with gardens and silken attire;15

There shall they lie upon couches ;

They shall not see therein sun 16 or moon.17

And low down anigh them shall fall the shades thereof,1"

And the grapes thereof shall hang low.1

19

7 Its calamity tarries not pHN Ttf).

8 Gen. xlvii. 12, 7J?3 (pilpel of s\2) with dupl. accus.

9 Seek not from your hand. 10 Blessing.

11 D7IKI. but (on the contrary).

12 nnfiW terror. n Make his face shine.

T T v

hlti. 15 Eze.xvi.13, 'm nau

nan. l7 rmb.

T - T t :

The shadows shall incline around them ; they shall descend in the shady place (TUffi).

19 Shall bow as a rush (jifo?N).

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 147

And men will go round to " them with vases 21 of silver, and flasks.

The flasks shall be of silver ;

They shall themselves fix the measure.22

And there shall go round to them immortal youths;23

When thou lookest on them thou wilt think them

scattered pearls. And when thou lookest, thou shalt look on loveliness,

and a realm of glory.

Upon them shall be robes of brocade,24 green25 and

glistening, And they shall be adorned with bracelets of silver, And their Lord will make them drink a pure liquor.26

Verily this shall be your recompense, And your effort shall be accepted ! 27

20 m# wait on. 21 *|D3 mgj?.

22 DDi3 nJ&. * Sons of God.

t t : J

24 nfcjri, Jud. v. 30. 25 yy* coloured robe.

26 pj5J0 BTM?; cf. Isa. xxv. 6.

27 Re will accept (J"fin) the works of your hands.

IX.

The Merciful Eider.

I know that Allah loves the poor, and that he gives riches to whomsoever he will try;1 but to the poor he

1 m v*'

11*

148 HEBREW PRIMER.

sends all who speak his word, that they may rise in the midst of their misery.2 Does not he give rain, when the blade would otherwise wither,3 and a dewdrop3 in the cup of the thirsty flower?4 And is it not sublime to be sent5 to seek them that are weary, who have lingered 6 behind after the work, and have fallen down exhausted 7 on the road, because their knees were not strong enough to carry them to the place where they should receive their wages ? Should not I be glad to give a helping hand8 to him who tumbled into the ditch, and a staff to him who climbs the mountains ? Should8 not my heart leap with joy, when it sees that I have been selected9 amongst many, to turn10 lamentation into prayer, weeping into thanks- giving ?

2 TOf (carra), ^g.

3 Say, upon the grass when it begins to wither; or, upon the drooping (v?2?&J) grass. Deut. xxxii. 2.

4 h± rUTS; Gr. p. 136, note (1).

5 Is it a small thing that I should be sent . . . *3 £2£n and impf. ; or, rnNfifTv HXT K7H and inf.

6 TIK, pi- 7 rW& *)$•

8 Impfs. Shall not I reach (rW) the hand of my help.

0 God hath chosen me out of many.

10 Cf. Isa. xxv. 2.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 149

The Unrighteous Judge.

A time will come when the passenger will stand before a house and ask, " What is this, that the harp 1 is silent, and the song of the maidens is hushed?" And they will answer, " A man has died."

And whosoever journeys2 to the villages shall sit in the evening with the host,3 and round about him the sons and daughters of the house, and the children of those who live in the village, and he shall say :

"A man has died who promised4 to be just; and he sold justice to everyone who gave him money. He watered his field with the sweat of the labourer 5 whom he had called awav from his own labour.5 He did not pay the labourer his wages,6 but lived on the food of the poor. He became7 rich from the poverty of others.8 He had much gold and silver, and plenty of precious stones; but the labourer who lives in the neighbour- hood did not know how to appease the hunger of his

1 Isa. xxv. 8, the joy of the harp has ceased. *l3n *T3H ; the stranger that sojourns in . . .

nran bya.

Said, or sware ; inf. with ?.

-in'y ; rmy, 6 rrtipb.

7 "IfeJty, hif. 8 His neighbour.

1 50 HEBREW PRIMER.

child.9 He smiled like a happy 10 man ; but there was gnashing11 of teeth from the suppliant who sought justice. There was contentedness 12 on his features; but there was no milk in the breasts of the mothers who would fain have given suck." Then the people of the villages will say: "Allah is great: we curse no one:

9 Satisfy his child with bread. Gr. p. 133 (b).

10 nS T'py. n ww (Tn.

12 His face shone.

XT.

A Javanese Elegy.

I know not where l I shall die. I saw the great sea on the south coast, When I was there with my father making salt; If2 I die at sea, and my body be thrown into the deep

water, Then sharks3 will come, and swim round my corpse, and

ask, "Which of us shall devour the body that goes down

into the water?"

I shall not hear it !

1 Gr. p. 136 (ii.); omit relat.

2 Gr. pp. 157, 158. 3 r#l.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 151

I know not where I shall die. I saw the corpse of Palisoe who died of old age ; For his hairs 4 were white : If I die of old age, with white hairs, Hired women 5 will stand weeping near my corpse ; And will make lamentation6 like the mourners6 over

Palisoe's corpse; And the grandchildren7 will weep very loudly:8

I shall not hear it !

I know not where I shall die. I have seen at Badoer many that were dead. They were dressed in white shrouds, and were buried in

the earth ; If I die at Badoer, and I am buried beyond 9 the village, Eastward against the hill,10 where the grass is high ; Then will Adinda pass by there, And the border n of her dress will sweep softly along

the grass:

I shall hear it !

4 The hairs of his head ; or, white hairs were to him .

5 Cf. Isa. vii. 20, rrpfTl »#}; or nif. ptcp. of W.

6 SlX, qal impf., and hithpa. ptcp. ; or rYDSft, with accus. pers.

7 Sons of sons. 8 Cognate accus.

9 Without; Gr. p. 117, line 4.

10 On the east before the hill.

11 H^V? t|33, 1 Sam. xxiv. 5.

152 HEBREW PRIMER.

XII.

The Preaching of the Buddha.

The angels 1 throng 2 to hear the discourse 3 until all the heavens are empty; and the sound4 of their ap- proach is like the noise of a storm, till at the blast 5 of the archangel's trumpet they become as still6 as a waveless 7 sea. All nature 8 is moved ; the everlasting hills on which the world is built 9 leap for joy, and bow themselves before the Teacher; the powers 10 of the air dispose all things as is most meet; gentle breezes sigh,11 and delicious flowers12 fill the air with their scent.13

1 D*nS$ '32; or, DWj?.

2 TTwiri troop together (*Vn$ a troop).

3 rraa, or vfi ni&K.

i The voice of their goings (is) like a storm (that) roars. Gr. p. 128 (1).

5 When the prince (M$$7&P1 *)£>) of the angels blew the trumpet; Gr. p. 152 (d).

6 «D»j#l or V2M%

7 Gr. p. 130, line 5; oh* h |*K.

8 All things tremble (tDlJft, nif.).

9 Foundations of the earth, "NH HD1D.

J 7 t t •• :

10 The mighty ones of the expanse order all their realm fittingly. Use l^il, with inf. of *]"W; Gr. p. 154, note.

11 im blow; mh gently. 12 Flowers of delight. Emit fragrance, 0*1 ]T\), Cant. ii. 13.

13

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 153

The evening was like a lovely maiden ; the stars were the pearls upon her neck, the dark clouds 14 her braided hair,16 the deepening space 16 her flowing robe.17 As a crown she had the heavens where 18 the angels dwell ; these three worlds were as her body; her eyes were the white lotus flowers, which open20 to the rising moon; and her voice was, as it were, the humming of the bees.21

To worship the Buddha,22 and hear the first preach- ing of the word,23 this lovely maiden came.

14 d^v roe* n.

15 aefeh ntfjj??, isa. m. 24.

16 The deep of the heavens ; or, circle of the heavens. NH ; or perhaps Tifo, Job xxvi. 7. Cf. also IX., 4, supra.

17 hwm. 18 Gr. p. 136 (ii.), omit rel. 20 nnfi, Cant, vii. 13. 21 D'W HOT?.

22 Prophet, or wise man. 23 Beginning of his words.

XIII.

Buddhist Ethics.

As the vassika plant casts down * its withered blossoms,

1 Job xv. 33 ; as the olive casts away 0\7^ *ts withered bloom (f"l¥3).

154 HEBREW PRIMER.

So cast out utterly,2 0 3 mendicants,* ill-will and lust.

Do no violence 4 to a Brahman,5 But neither let him fly at 6 his aggressor. Woe 7 to him who strikes a Brahman ! More woe 8 to him who strikes the striker !

What is the use of plaited hair,9 0 fool! What of a garment 10 of skins ? Your low yearnings are within you ! And the outside thou makest clean.11

He who, though he has committed no offence, Endures reproaches, bonds, and stripes,12 And out of much endurance 13

2 7*73, or 73. 3 0 ye poor.

* Bhikkhave, i.e., Buddhist monks, who lived on alms.

4 CIV 2T?, or DDP1 Plb>tf. 5 A priest.

6 Fall upon; or, turn his hand against. His aggressor,

v&p, pi.

7 Evil will befal (i"DX, pi.) to . . .

8 And he will increase (?"I17, hif. impf.) evil . . .

7 8 Pro. xxiii. 29. b *Q* . . . b *ta, or »in Dfl . . . 'in.

9 Zee. xiii. 4. 7V&? HTJX a hair cloak. Say, where- fore to thee the hair cloak. Isa. i. 11.

10 7iy n)h3, Gen. iii. 21.

11 Thy face only thou washest.

12 And the whip, ti\&\.

13 Cf. Pro. xvi. 32, iJTO 170.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 155

Makes for himself a mighty army,14 He it is I call a Brahman.

14 Founds for himself strength ; Psa. viii. 3, ty "ID*.

Note. — The last stanza may be paraphrased thus : " Lo, the man who is without fault (|*K, with ptcp.)r and bears (ptcp.) reproach, etc., and from the greatness of his humility (or longsuffering, D^SNt ^1X) founds (impf.) for himself strength, to this man I will say, Priest." Tsa. viii. 12.

XIV.

A Parable of the Sower.

A wealthy Brahman named Bharadvaja was * holding his harvest home, when 2 the Teacher came and stood by with his bowl. Some of the people went up and paid him reverence ; but 3 the Brahman was angry, and said,4 Sramana,5 I plough and6 sow, and7 having ploughed and sown I eat ; it would be better 8 if you in

1 Hjn, with ptcp. Was holding the feast of his harvest.

2 And a man from the sons of the prophets came and stood by him, and his bowl in his hand.

3 And. 4 In pause.

6 Ha, prophet! 6 DT|.

7 And I eat my bread in its season.

8 Is it not good for thee to plough like me, etc.

156 HEBREW PRIMER.

like manner were to plough and sow, and then you would have food to eat.

0 Brahman, was the answer, I too plough and sow, and having ploughed and sown I eat.

You say you are a husbandman; but we see no signs of it,9 said the Brahman. Where 10 are your bullocks, and the seed, and the plough ? Then the Teacher answered, Faith is the seed I sow,11 and good works12 are as the rain that fertilizes13 it; wisdom and modesty are the parts14 of the plough, and my mind is the guiding 15 rein. I lay hold of the handle 16 of the Law ; earnestness17 is the goad I use;18 and diligence is my draught-ox. Thus 19 this ploughing is ploughed, de- stroying the weeds of delusion. The harvest20 that it

9 And thy work is not seen.

10 Where they, the bullocks which to thee, etc.

11 Draw forth, ^J&j ptcp. 12 Works of justice. Makes it great. 14 HIT handles. D?5? for restraining, Psa. xxxii. 9. Staves of the Ark of Covenant ; HHyn |TTK H3.

17 &*)$''$ straightforwardness ; or say, zeal for my work. Diligence = TVT\t2 T.

Say, I set, i.e., sharpen; 3¥3, hif., 1 Sam. xiii. 21.

So I plough the ground, ploughing and uprooting thorns of deceit ; Gr. p. 151 (b), inf. abs.

20 My harvest, and the reward of the toil of my business

13 15 16

IS 19

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 157

yields is the ambrosial fruit of Nirvana,21 and by this ploughing 22 all sorrow ends.

21 Nirvana = extinction, i.e., of the passions. For this substitute, '• fruit of the tree of life."

22 And by the works of my hands I make to cease sorrow and. sighing.

XV.

Buddhist Ethics.

He : who, himself not stainless,

Would wrap the yellow-stained robe around him,

He, devoid of self-control and honesty,

Is unworthy 2 of the yellow robe.

But he who, cleansed 3 from stains,4 Is well grounded in the precepts,5

1 He who longs to put on the robe of the *efod (Ex. xxviii. 4). And he profane, lacking honesty (Ex. xviii. 21), and not pure, that man, etc.

2 p ]W ; or say, is not accounted a master of the 'efdd in honour.

3 -into, hithpa. 4 irm

5 And remembers the -precepts to do them.

158 HEBREW PRIMER.

And full of honesty and self-restraint,6 'Tis he who is worthy of the yellow robe.

The mendicant who controls his tongue,7 speaking

wisely, and is not puffed up,8 Who throws light on 9 worldly and on heavenly things, His word is sweet.10

That mendicant whose life is love,11 Whose joy the teachings 12 of the Buddha, He will enter 13 the tranquil lot.

Let his livelihood be kindliness,14 His conduct righteousness. Then in the fulness of gladness,15 He will make an end of grief.16

6 And restrains himself (pBN, hithpa.) in the honesty of his heart (Dft).

7 Psa. xv. 3, does not slander ; or Pro. xxi. 23, keepeth his tongue.

8 His heart is not high, Psa. cxxxi. 1.

9 Teaches his people. TlTH, str. illustravit.

10 He uttereth goodly words, Gen. xlix. 21.

11 The law of kindness upon his soul.

13 r\pb. Cf. Psa. i. 2. 13 Inherit.

11 Kind in all his works, and just in all his actions.

15 nirw ynb>, Psa. xvi. 11.

16 isa. xxi. 2, piijju ra^n.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 159

XVI.

Paraphrase of Othello, Act iv., sc. 3, 22.

Emilia. — Lo, I have put the coverlets on thy bed, as thou didst bid.

Desdem,ona. — What difference between coverlet and1

coverlet? Is not one like another? How do we resemble children, and folly is bound up

with our heart ! If I die before thou diest, clothe my body, Emilia, in this

linen robe.2 Emil. — Utter not with thy lips words like that!3

Desde. — My mother had a maid betrothed to a man,

and her name was 'Aziiba;4 And her lover became mad,* and forsook her, and went

his way. And in her mouth was set a song of old, by name, The

Willows of the Brook, The words of which were sweet to a broken-hearted5

maid like 'Aziiba.

1 To. 2 njB pa Y'-orm*-

3 Thou shalt not make go forth with thy lips according to that word.

4 Hilly Forsaken * Mad, VWQ-

5 pin rorcy1?.

160 HEBREW PRIMER.

And she sang that song at the time of her soul's going

forth. And I, I have set to-night that song before mine eyes, And almost do I crave to sing z7, as did ' Azuba : — But make haste ! Complete thy task !

(Desde. begins to sing.) Under the Oak of Weeping 'Aziiba is weeping for the husband of her youth :

The willows weep, they shiver, for the broken heart6

Of her that pineth away 7 through love :

Her hand on her head, and her head between her knees :

Shriek, wail, ye willows ! willows ! willows !

Her eyes were red from weeping, and stones were moistened by her tears : —

(To Emit.) Put this aside,8 Emilia! Shriek, wail, ye willows ! willows ! willows !

(To Enril.) Make haste, complete thy work, he will

come in a moment. Among the willows of the brook when I die, crown ye

me with a garland ! Even in his wrath I love him ; speak ye no treason 9

against him, — But not so is the end of the song. Lo, he is knocking ! 10

Emit. — It is not he ; only the wind bloweth ! u 6 TJP.

• t t; it t t ; s t | "t •

9 mo. 10 pbx

TT | - T

11 Nif. ptcp.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 161

XVIL

Paraphrase of Othello (Ithi'el),

Act v., sc. 2, 259.

See, a sword in my hand !

A better than it thou hast not seen on warrior's thigh.

I remember the days that with my sword that l is in

mv hand I clove me a path between twenty obstacles2 like thee. But in vain 3 do I boast now ; for the wheel has turned,4 And who can reverse 5 its revolution? Fear not me ! And let not my sword scare thee ! Lo, I am come to

my end ! Here is the limit of my life;6 here the shore to my ship! And wherefore, then, shouldst dread me? Even at the shaking of a feeble reed 'Ithi'el would turn

backward ! Nay, whither7 am I to go? How can I look on thy face, victim of wrath,8 destroyed,

faded flower ! Thy face is white as the snow, and thy flesh cold as the

ice! When we shall stand in the judgment,

1 «.		2 dws.
3 Nti&.		4 Nif.
5 aitf, hif.		6 "fe
1 Gr. i). 150	(c).	8 TpSS\.

12

162 HEBREW PRIMER.

Shall I not at the sight of thine eyes throw myself from

heaven to the underworld, between evil angels ? Cursed art thou, treacherous slave ! Come, ye ghouls and demons, smite me, hack9 me to

pieces ! That I may not look thither, towards the desire of my

eyes! Put my flesh in burning sulphur! Scatter my dust to

the wind ! And bring down my soul to streams of fiery torrents ! Alas ! my wife ! my wife ! my dead ! Woe's me ! woe's me !

9 II*

iub

wra.

XVIII.

Paraphrase of Othello, Act iv., sc. 2, 47.

0 that God had tried me with abundant distress and

disaster ! 1 0 that he had rained on my head fire and brimstone

from heaven ! Given my substance to plundering,2 so that my bread

and my clothing I lacked ! Or made me walk in captivity, without 3 a hope of the

future,4

1 npW rm, Isa. xxx. 6. 2 n-T3, from ITS.

It ; tt/ T • * t

D5K3. 4 And hereafter, rnHK.

3

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 163

Still should I find comfort, still all my life (would be)

within me ! But to set me up as a mark 5 for the arrows of scorn

and contumely,6 To become a gazing-stock 7 all day long, and a laughing- stock to every passer-by, — Alas ! who could stand it 1 Yet even in an iron furnace 8 like that, may be 9 I could

play the man,10 and I should come forth purified. But he hath destroyed the fountain n from which are the

springs of my life ! 12 And my well, upon which I live, or cease to be, Has become a well of alien trouble, full of scum13 and

abomination. Therein the melting snail14 walks, and frogs leap15

there, And who can longer hope in this vale of misery ?

16

5 mtsfc. 6 dbpi y£>. Psa. xiiv. u

7 niKI, Eze. xxviii. 17.

t -: i-5

8 m 9 w.

10 "Q3, hithpa. impf. pausal.

11 rao.

12 Pro. iv. 23, D»?n rtWfTfi.

13 Lam. iii. 45, D1K»I VQ-

14 Psa. lviii. 9. 7*?2W snail. DftH melting, liquefactio. (The passage in the Psalm is : kem<5 shablul temes yahalok, i.e., like the snail which departs a-melting = perishes by melting.)

15 -13*13. 16 ifcW.

12*

164 HEBREW PRIMER.

And now, change thy visage,17 0 Patience,18 though thou

be young and fair as an angel of God, And become hideous 19 as an apostate 20 spirit !

17 Or, make thy face fall. 18 PlttS? D3.

19 r\xrp jn. 2o Tib.

XIX.

The Power of Imagination.

Hip. — 'Tis strange, my Theseus, that these lovers

speak of. Thes. — More strange than true.1 I never may believe These antique fables,2 nor these fairy toys. Lovers and madmen have such seething brains,3 Such shaping fantasies, that apprehend More than cool reason ever comprehends. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet,4 Are of imagination all compact:5

1 Things wonderful above the truth.

2 Trifles of yore (D"TjTH5) and words of vanity like these.

3 For the spirit of the lover and the maniac (V^pt2)) boils over much (ST^n), and their heart fashions vanities (pyr\) above all that a man of sense (aDETI) understands.

4 The man pleasant of songs (HIT^T D^J); or, the singer, *VB?, pil. ptcp.

5 What are these if not seers of vanity and nothingness?

PIECES EOR COMPOSITION. 165

One sees more devils6 than vast hell can hold;7

That is the madman : the lover, all as frantic,8

Sees Helen's beauty in a brow of Egypt :

The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling,9

Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven ;

And as imagination bodies forth 10

The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen

Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing u

A local habitation, and a name. — Shakespeare.

6 DH#; orig. lords (Assyr. demigods).

7 Many above S/f'dl.

8 nyjjl, hif. ptcp. And this one wanders like his neigh- bour, and the brow (H¥£) of the Egyptian is fair in his eyes.

9 The singer's eye looks to the heaven above and to the earth beneath, Isa. li. 6; Gen. xv. 5 (Gr. p. 113), in his exalted frenzy.

10 When he sees in his heart ... Gr. p. 152 (d), then he gives with his pen (tO^n) a form to them.

11 And to a breath of nothingness he gives (impf.) a place of dwelling and a name.

XX.

Puck.

Now the hungry lion roars,1 And the wolf behowls the moon;

1 A sound of roaring of hungry lion !

166 HEBREW PRIMER.

Whilst the heavy ploughman 2 snores, All with weary task fordone.3

Now the wasted 4 brands do glow, Whilst the sci^ch-owl,5 scritching loud,6 Puts the wretch 7 that lives in woe In remembrance of a shroud.

Now it is the time of night, That the graves all gaping wide Everyone 8 lets forth his sprite In the church- way10 paths to glide:9

And we fairies u that do run By the triple Hecate's team, From the presence of the sun, Following darkness like a dream,

Now are frolic : not a mouse 12 Shall disturb 13 this hallowed house :

%

3

Man of the ground ; or "Dtf .

For with toil of his hands he is wearied ; or, wearied in strength, D3 y\3*.

4 Burning; or, 0g hm. 5 P^h.

6 Shrilling (7PIX, pi.) her voice.

7 Reminds the reclining one whose heart is sad pK|) of the garments of the grave.

8 Gr. p. 50, line 1. 9 Gr. p. 142, ad fin.

10 The field of the dead.

11 And we are sporting, the runners of the chariot to Ashtoreth threefold of form pKh-W^D).

12 IMy. 13 py, affright.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 167

I am sent, with broom,16 before 14

To sweep 15 the dust behind the door. —

Shakespeare.

16 KfoxDfc.

15 n&k&.

XXL

Althaea's Brand.

She has filled with sighing the city, And the ways thereof with tears : She arose, she girdled l her sides, She set her face as a bride's: She wept, and she had no pity:2 Trembled, and felt no fears.2

Her eyes were clear as the sun,3

Her brows were fresh as the day : 4

She girdled 5 herself with gold,

Her robes were manifold :

But the days of her worship 7 are done,6

Her praise is taken away.

1 D*Jna ISn. 2 Pausal forms.

3 Cant. vi. 10; or, the brightness of her eyes as the

sun

i

Job xli. 10, her eyelids like the dawn.

5 ITtt, hithpa. with accus.

6 Isa. lx. 20, th#. 7 Honour.

168 HEBREW PRIMER.

She set her hand to the wood,*

She took 9 the fire in her hand :

As one who is nigh to death,

She panted with strange 10 breath :

She opened her lips unto blood,11

She breathed,12 and kindled the brand.13

Atalanta in Calydon, p. 82.

8 Plur. = firewood. 9 ("Wl, PiriJV.

10 "IT. n Plur.

T

12 ntt. 13 m

XXII.

From the Same.

For death is deep as the sea, And fate l as the waves thereof. Shall the waves take pity on thee, Or the south wind offer thee love? Wilt thou take 2 the night for thy day, Or the darkness for light on thy way, Till thou say in thine heart, Enough?3

Behold thou art fair,4 thou art over wise; The sweetness of spring 5 in thine hair, and the light in thine eyes.

1 Decree (rTCTlJ) of God ; or ^f?n decrees. Or, \m$ destruction.

2 h \y&. 3 ri.

4 ivm\ 5 n;n ny, Gen. xviti. 10.

■ T : T T - •• 7

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 169

The light of the spring in thine eyes, and the sound in

thine ears; Yet thine heart shall wax heavy with sighs, and thine

eyelids with tears. Wilt thou cover * thine hair with 6 gold, and with silver

thy feet? Hast thou taken the purple to fold thee, and made thy

mouth sweet?7 Behold, when thy face is made bare, he that loved thee

shall hate: Thy face shall be no more fair at the fall of thy fate.8 For thy life shall fall as a leaf, and be shed 9 as the rain ; And the veil of thine head shall be grief; and the crown

shall be pain.

* Cf. Eze. xvi. 10, et seq. 6 Gr. p. 133 (a).

7 Cf. Cant. v. 16; say, sweetened thy palate, ^|HI p^pH.

8 In the day thou art humbled {?$$) and fattest.

9 ^TJ, h?m; or y&, nif.

XXIII.

From UA Song in time of Revolution."

The heart of the rulers is sick,1 and the high-priest

covers 2 his head : For this is the song of the quick that is heard in the

ears of the dead.

1 Isa. i. 5. 2 2 Sam. xv. 30.

170 HEBREW PRIMER.

The poor and the halt and the blind are keen3 and

mighty and fleet : Like the noise of the blowing of wind is the sound of

the noise 4 of their feet.

They are smitten, they tremble5 greatly, they are

pained6 for their pleasant things;7 For the house of the priests made stately,8 and the might

in the mouth of the kings.

They are grieved and greatly afraid; they are taken,

they shall not flee : For the heart of the nations is made as the strength 9 of

the springs of the sea.

They were fair in the grace of gold, they walked with

delicate feet : 10 Thev were clothed with the cunning of old,11 and the

smell 12 of their garments was sweet.

For the breaking of gold in their hair they halt 13 as a man made lame:

3 Hab. i. 8, Tin. 4 ■#!

5 Psa. vi. 4, hnx 6 hy . . . h t*.

7 D^orp.

nXS pfiD, floored with cedar.

isa. iii. 16, f?n tjfety ^iSn.

11 The work of the wise of old their clothing, Jer. x. 9.

12 Gen. xxvii. 27. 13 V% Gen. xxxi. 32.

8 9

10

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 171

They are utterly naked M and bare ; their mouths are bitter with shame.15

u Mic. i. 8, Dhsn hhw.

' t : t

15 Shame is bitter in their mouth.

XXIV.

From the Same.

But the arm of the elders is broken, their strength * is

unbound and undone : They wait for a sign of a token ; they cry, and there

cometh none.

Their moan is in every place, the cry of them filleth the

land: There is shame in the sight of their face, there is fear

in the thews 2 of their hand.

They are girdled about the reins with a curse 3 for the

girdle thereon : For the noise of the rending 4 of chains the face of their

colour 5 is gone.

For the sound of the shouting of men they are grievously stricken at heart;

1 Their loins he hath loosened, Isa. xlv. 1.

2 Sinew, T|. 3 Psa. cix. 18, 19.

4 "W.

6 Their faces pale, ^HJ* Isa. xxix. 22.

172 HEBREW PRIMER.

They are smitten asunder with pain, their bones are smitten apart.

There is none of them all that is whole ; their lips gape

open for 6 breath ; They are clothed with sickness of soul, and the shape7

of the shadow of death.

6 For lack of . . .

7 Psa. xliv. 20, with the shadow, etc., are they covered ; or, the shadow, etc., is their covering.

XXV.

"I am the Resurrection."

Then x when Jesus came, he found 2 that he had lain in

the grave four days already. Now Bethany 3 was nigh unto Jerusalem, about 4 fifteen

furlongs 5 off. And many of the Jews had come to Martha and Mary,6 To comfort them concerning their brother.

1 *&$pj, with pf. ; or impf. with strong waw.

2 Say, found him.

3 n»jy-n*3. 4 3.

t * -: t» ;

j*"lNn fi*D3 a Tcibra of ground (exact equivalent not known). Gr. p. 132 (a) ; simple accus.

6 d:t».

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 173

Then Martha, as soon as she heard that Jesus was

coming, went 7 and met him ; But Mary still sat 8 in the house. Martha, then, said to Jesus, Lord, if9 thou hadst been here, my brother had not

I died !

But 10 even now I know n that whatever thou shalt ask

of God, God will grant thee.

Jesus saith unto her,

Thy brother will rise again !

Martha saith unto him,

I know that he will rise in the resurrection 13 at the last

day. Jesus said unto her,

i am the resurrection and the life. He that believeth in me, even if13 he have died,

shall live! And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall

never die. Believest thou this ? She saith unto him, Yea,* Lord, I have believed that thou art the Christ, the Son of

God, who was coming 14 into the world.

7 8 10

Gr. p. 117, line 1.

Ptcp.; Gr. p. 149 (a). 9 Gr. p. 158, 4.

T|K. n Pf.,Gr.p.l40,adzmY.

13 JTnn reviving, T^l^pTS rising ; rabb. synonyms.

13 Gr. p. 158 (2). * DM

14 Ptcp.

174 HEBREW PRIMER.

XXVI.

Raising of the Widow's son.

And it came to pass the day after, that 1 he went into a

city called 2 Nain : And many of his disciples went with him, and much

people.3 Now when he came nigh to the gate of the city, Behold,4 there was a dead man being carried forth,5 an

only son to his mother, and she a widow; And much people of6 the city was with her. And when7 the Lord saw her he had compassion 8 on her, And said unto her, Weep not.9 And he came 10 and touched the bier, And the bearers stopped.* And he said, Young man, I bid thee, rise! And the dead sat up,11 and began to talk:

1 Impf. with strong waw, Gr. p. 145, 1.

2 And its name.

3 7m| 7HP a great gathering.

4 Use waw.

5 Ptcp. act. = men were bearing.

6 p belonging to . . . of origin; 1 Sam. i. 1.

7 Gr. p. 152 (d).

8 ^y DTI; impf. Din;. 9 Gr. p. 143, 1, note 1.

10 Came near. * Pf. in pause.

11 Arose and sat.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 175

And he gave him to his mother.

And there came a fear on all,

And they glorified God, saying,

A 12 great prophet hath arisen 13 amongst us,

And God hath visited 13 his people !

12 13

Use '3; Gr. p. 162, 1, 2. Both pfs., Gr. p. 139, 2.

XXVII.

The Beatitudes and Woes.

And he lifted up his eyes upon his disciples, and said :

Blessed 1 are ye poor,

For yours is the kingdom of God !

Blessed are ye that hunger now,

For ye shall be filled ! 2

Blessed are ye that weep now,

For ye shall laugh !

Blessed3 are ye when men shall hate you,

And when they shall ban 4 you, and reproach you,

And cast out your name as evil,

For the Son of Man's sake !

Rejoice ye in that day, and leap for joy,

1 **1lj?N>, 0 the bliss of the poor ! Use the 3 pers. in the first three couplets.

2 Satisfied. Use the pausal form.

3 Dy#8. 4 nnsn separate.

176 HEBREW PRIMER.

For lo, your reward is great in the heavens ; For such things did their fathers to the prophets.

But woe unto you the rich,

For ye have received your consolation.5

Woe unto you that are full,

For ye shall hunger :

Woe unto you that laugh now,

For ye shall mourn and weep !

Woe unto you when all men shall speak well 6 of you,

For so did their fathers to the false prophets.7

But I say unto you that hear,

Love your enemies,*

Do good to those who hate you,"

Bless those who curse you,*

And pray for 8 those who deal * despitefully 9 with 3^ou.

5 rtoPUJ-l. 6 Praise.

7 Prophets of lying. * Ptcps. with suffix.

8 "1^5 7?3nn. 9 TT5C oppressor.

XXVIII.

" Jesus lives! Alleluia!"

Jesus lives ! l no longer now

Can thy terrors, death, appal us:

i i

n.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 177

Jesus lives ! by this we know

Thou, 0 grave, canst not enthral us.2

Alleluia ! l"

Jesus lives ! henceforth is death

But the gate of life immortal ; This shall calm our trembling breath,3

When we pass its gloomy 4 portal.

Alleluia !

Jesus lives ! for us He died ;

Then, alone 5 to Jesus living, Pure in heart may we abide,

Glory to our Saviour giving.

Alleluia !

Jesus lives ! our hearts know well 6 Nought from us His love shall sever;7

Life, nor death, nor powers of hell 8 Tear us from his keeping ever.

Alleluia !

2 Lead us captive, : *3g> H??*, Psa. lxviii. 19.

t : i~

3 Therefore shall the breath of our fear be stilled

i Cf. turning of last clause.

5 For Him and not for another.

6 Say, we believe.

7 Nought will divide between us and His love.

13

178 HEBREW PRIMER.

Jesus lives ! to Him the throne

Over all the world is given ; May we go 9 where He is gone,

Rest and reign with Him in heaven.

Alleluia! Amen.

9 Gr. p. 159, N.B.

XXIX.

Evening Hymn.

God who x madest earth and heaven,

Darkness and light, Who l the day for toil hast given,

For rest the night : May thine angel guards defend us,2 Slumber sweet thy mercy send us,3 Holy dreams and hopes attend us,4

This live-long night !

Note. — Each stanza should form six Hebrew lines.

1 Thou.

2 0 protect us with the watch of thine angels! Psa. v 12; *pD, hif.

3 Make sleep fall, etc., in thy mercy.

1 Send to us thoughts (D*35?&?) of thy justice in visions, in the watches of the night. Job iv. 13.

PIECES FOR COMPOSITION. 179

Guide us waking,5 guard us sleeping,

And when we die, May we 6 in thy holy keeping

All peaceful lie! When 7 the last 8 dread 9 call shall wake us, Do not thou, our God, forsake us, But to reign in glory take us, I With thee on high!10

5 1, with inf. 6 Make us rest.

I 7 Begin with N^W-

8 In the day of the trumpet.

9 In the dreadful day, and who can endure it! Gr. p. 142, note ad init.

10 In the lofty places of the heights of thy heavens.

XXX.

"Sun of my Soul."

Sun of my soul, thou Saviour dear,1 It is not night if thou be near ; 2 0 may no earthborn 3 cloud arise, To hide thee from thy servant's eyes !

1 Begin, My beloved ! My Saviour !

2 At the brightness of thy rising darkness has fled.

3 Psa. x. 18.

13*

180 HEBREW PRIMER.

When the soft dews of kindly sleep My wearied eyelids gently steep,4 Be my last thought how sweet to rest For ever on my Saviour's breast.5

Abide with me from morn till eve,6 For without thee I cannot live ; Abide with me when night is nigh, For without thee I dare not die.7

If 8 some poor wandering child of thine Have spurned to-day the voice divine, Now, Lord, the gracious work begin, Let him no more lie down in sin.

Watch by the sick,9 enrich the poor With blessings from thy boundless store ; 10 Be every mourner's sleep to-night Like infant's11 slumbers, pure12 and light.

* When pleasant sleep has fallen upon my eyelids, Ge7itly descending like the dew upon grass.

5 0 that(Gr. p. 160, ad init.)then I might say in my heart.

How happy to repose (j y) in my Saviour's breast (P TO for ever! Psa. cxxxiii. 1.

6 fc|#} HSf twilight

7 Terrors of death will fall upon me. Psa. lv. 5.

8 Interrog. ; Hath a man rejected . . . ?

Like a perverse (2^) son (that) chooseth not to hearken.

9 BbK, nif.

10 From the wealth of the storehouse of the fulness of thy blessings.